The Statistical Significance Test of Regional Climate Change Caused by Land Use and Land Cover Variation in West China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王汉杰  施伟来  陈晓红 《大气科学进展》2006,23(3):355-364

The West Development Policy being implemented in China is causing significant land use and land cover （LULC） changes in West China. With the up-to-date satellite database of the Global Land Cover Characteristics Database （GLCCD） that characterizes the lower boundary conditions, the regional climate model RIEMS-TEA is used to simulate possible impacts of the significant LULC variation. The model was run for five continuous three-month periods from 1 June to 1 September of 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, and 1997, and the results of the five groups are examined by means of a student t-test to identify the statistical significance of regional climate variation. The main results are： （1） The regional climate is affected by the LULC variation because the equilibrium of water and heat transfer in the air-vegetation interface is changed. （2） The integrated impact of the LULC variation on regional climate is not only limited to West China where the LULC varies, but also to some areas in the model domain where the LULC does not vary at all. （3） The East Asian monsoon system and its vertical structure are adjusted by the large scale LULC variation in western China, where the consequences are the enhancement of the westward water vapor transfer from the east oast and the relevant increase of wet-hydrostatic energy in the middle-upper atmospheric layers. （4） The ecological engineering in West China affects significantly the regional climate in Northwest China, North China and the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River; there are obvious effects in South, Northeast, and Southwest China, but minor effects in Tibet.  相似文献   

A GCM Study on the Tropical Intraseasonal Oscillation          下载免费PDF全文

JIA Xiaolong  LI Chongyin  ZHOU Ningfang 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2006,20(3):352-366

The ability of AGCM to simulate the tropical intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) has been studied using the output of global spectral model (ALGCM (R42L9)) of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the outoput is compared with the results from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis for the year 1978-1989. The model displays an evident periodic signal of the tropical ISO. Basic propagating characters of the tropical ISO are captured, and changes in phase speed between Eastern and Western Hemispheres are also well presented, and the simulation of eastward propagation is better than that of westward propagation. This model has increased the ability to simulate the strength of the tropical ISO, especially at 200 hPa, and basically simulates the horizontal structure of wind characterized by the convergence in low-level and divergence in upper-level. The vertical structure of the zonal wind is also well reproduced. Moreover, observed results show that the representing of seasonal preference to form strong ISO in winter and spring is related to ISO's interannual variability, but it is shown in this model with strong ISO in winter and summer and weak ISO in spring and autumn. Structures of some physical elements such as vertical velocity, divergence, specific humidity, etc., and the special distribution of ISO have also differences with these from NCEP reanalysis data, which make it clear to develop this model to simulate the structure and spatial distribution of the ISO.  相似文献   

利用卫星云图变分同化初始场对热带气旋路径影响的数值试验   总被引：4，自引：9，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

王学忠  沙文钰  端义宏 《热带气象学报》2003,19(1):107-112

利用上海台风研究所的东海热带气旋预报模式，讨论用卫星亮温资料变分同化初始温度场及相对湿度场对热带气旋移动路径的影响。结果表明，对400—925hPa模式层的温度场、相对湿度场和温度场的变分同化对热带气旋移动路径预报有较好的实用意义。  相似文献   

水平变量配置对地转演变模拟的影响          下载免费PDF全文

王举  刘宇迪 《热带气象学报》2003,19(3):323-328

从描述准地转、β-平面近似下的Rossby波方程组出发，在Arakawa A-E网格上，从频率和群速方面讨论了这五种网格的计算频散性。结果表明：D、C网格比其它网格对Rossby波产生的歪曲都要小。  相似文献   

ZONALLY SYMMETRICAL EKMAN-CISK MECHANISM AND 30—60-DAY LOW FREQUENCY OSCILLATION NEAR THE EQUATOR^*          下载免费PDF全文

XUE Hongbin  ZHONG Zhong  XUE Feng 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2002,16(4):498-508

Based on the baroclinic semi-geostrophic model,the effects of zonally symmetrical Ekman-CISK mechanism on the characteristics of 30—60-day low frequency oscillation(LFO)near the equator are investigated.It is found that the theoretical results are in good agreement with the observational features of LFO.Besides,the planetary-scale LFO with the period of 30—60 d could be triggered by the Ekman-CISK mechanism,and the growth rate of perturbation with wave number 1 is in order of O (10^-6s^-1).The zonal propagation of LFO and the correspondinglong itudinal-height structure of physical quantities are also discussed in detail.  相似文献   

Impact of difference accuracy on computational properties of vertical grids for a nonhydrostatic model     

Yudi Liu 《Computational Geosciences》2008,12(2):245-253

Starting from nonhydrostatic Boussinesq approximation equations, a general method is introduced to deduce the dispersion relationships. A comparative investigation is performed on inertia-gravity wave with horizontal lengths of 100, 10 and 1 km. These are examined using the second-order central difference scheme and the fourth-order compact difference scheme on vertical grids that are currently available from the perspectives of frequency, horizontal and vertical component of group velocity. These findings are compared to analytical solutions. The obtained results suggest that whether for the second-order central difference scheme or for the fourth-order compact difference scheme, Charny–Phillips and Lorenz (L) grids are suitable for studying waves at the above-mentioned horizontal scales; the Lorenz time-staggered and Charny–Phillips time staggered (CPTS) grids are applicable only to the horizontal scales of less than 10 km, and N grid (unstaggered grid) is unsuitable for simulating waves at any horizontal scale. Furthermore, by using fourth-order compact difference scheme with higher difference precision, the errors of frequency and group velocity in horizontal and vertical directions produced on all vertical grids in describing the waves with horizontal lengths of 1, 10 and 100 km cannot inevitably be decreased. So in developing a numerical model, the higher-order finite difference scheme, like fourth-order compact difference scheme, should be avoided as much as possible, typically on L and CPTS grids, since it will not only take many efforts to design program but also make the calculated group velocity in horizontal and vertical directions even worse in accuracy.  相似文献   

A relationship between wave steepness and wave age for wind waves in deep water     

刘斌  丁赟  长龙 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2007,25(1):36-41

Studying the relationship between wave steepness and wave age is important for describing wind wave growth with energy balance equation of significant waves. After invoking the dispersion rela- tion of surface gravity wave in deep water, a new relationship between wave steepness and wave age is revealed based on the “3/2-power law” (Toba, 1972), in which wave steepness is a function of wave age with a drag coefficient as a parameter. With a given wave age, a larger drag coefficient would lead to larger wave steepness. This could be interpreted as the result of interaction between wind and waves. Comparing with previous relationships, the newly proposed one is more consistent with observational data in field and laboratory.  相似文献   

Interannual variability of SST,SLA and wind waves in the Hawaii area and their responses to ENSO     

Yongcun Cheng  Qing Xu  Yuguang Liu  Chongyin Li  Zengzui Rong  Haibo Zong  Xiu Peng  Xiaobin Yin 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2008,7(4):379-384

Time series of sea surface temperature (SST),wind speed and significant wave height (SWH) from meteorologicalbuoys of the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) are useful for studying the interannual variability and trend of these quantities at the buoy areas.The measurements from 4 buoys (B51001,B51002,B51003 and B51004) in the Hawaii area are used to study theresponses of the quantities to EI Nino and Southern Oscillation (ENSO).Long-term averages of these data reflect precise seasonaland climatological characteristics of SST,wind speed and SWH around the Hawaii area.Buoy observations from B51001 suggest asignificant warming trend which is,however,not very clear from the other three buoys.Compared with the variability of SST andSWH,the wind speeds from the buoy observations show an increasing trend.The impacts of El Nifio on SST and wind waves arealso shown.Sea level data observed by altimeter during October 1992 to September 2006 are analyzed to investigate the variabilityof sea level in the Hawaii area.The results also show an increasing trend in sea level anomaly (SLA).The low-passed SLA in theHawaii area is consistent with the inverse phase of the low-passed Sol (Southern Oscillation Index).Compared with the low-passedSOl and PDO (Pacific Decadal Oscillation),the low-passed PNA (Pacific-North America Index) has a better correlation with thelow-passed SLA in the Hawaii area.  相似文献   

考虑中间主应力Hoek-Brown强度准则及其适用性     

王国安  马林建  刘新宇  易其康  高磊 《岩土力学》2015,36(8):2291-2297

为考虑中间主应力对岩石极限破坏强度作用,在广义Hoek-Brown强度准则幂率项中添加定量表征中间主应力项,构建新的三维Hoek-Brown强度准则。该准则在主应力空间是通过3个角点外接Hoek-Brown准则包络面的曲六面体,在 空间包络线是幂律型曲线。通过与Hoek-Brown准则、Drucker-Prager准则和Mogi准则分别对4组真三轴压缩强度试验数据的拟合对比分析,探讨其反映中间主应力效应的适用性。结果表明,修正的Hoek-Brown强度准则拟合试验数据效果总体最好,Mogi准则次之,Hoek-Brown准则和Drucker-Prager准则较差。从而修正的Hoek-Brown强度准则最适用于粗面岩、大理岩和花岗岩等硬脆性岩石的真三轴强度预测及中间主应力影响规律描述。  相似文献   

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地湍流能量耗散率和结构函数参数特征     

温雅婷  何宏让  王春明  王丽琼  焦冰 《中国沙漠》2014,34(4):1094-1101

利用塔中气象站垂直探测系统的湍流观测资料,计算并分析了塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地不同稳定层结条件的湍涡特征长度尺度、能量耗散率及湍流结构函数参数特征。结果表明：湍涡特征长度尺度在弱不稳定或近中性条件时最大,随不稳定程度的增强有明显减小的趋势,随着稳定程度的增加有先迅速减小后又缓慢增加的趋势,且热量特征长度尺度比动量特征长度尺度总体要大一个数量级;无因次湍流热量耗散率的拟合函数形式与其他试验一致,但经验系数略有差异;利用Kaimal公式和湍流谱方法间接计算的稳定条件湍流能量耗散率及湍流结构函数参数具有较好的一致性。  相似文献