融池热力学模式以及它在2010年夏季北极中央区的应用研究     

张树刚  卞林根  赵进平  李民  陈世哲  矫玉田  陈萍 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(8):84-93

A one-dimensional thermodynamic model of melt pond is established in this paper.The observation data measured in the summer of 2010 by the Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition(CHINARE-2010) are used to partially parameterize equations and to validate results of the model.About 85% of the incident solar radiation passed through the melt pond surface,and some of it was released in the form of sensible and latent heat.However,the released energy was very little(about 15%),compared to the incident solar radiation.More than 58.6% of the incident energy was absorbed by melt pond water,which caused pond-covered ice melting and variation of pond water temperature.The simulated temperature of melt pond had a diurnal variation and its value ranged between 0.0°C and 0.3°C.The melting rate of upper pond-covered ice is estimated to be around two times faster than snow-covered ice.At same time,the change of melting rate was relatively quick for pond depth less than 0.4 m,while the melting rate kept relatively constant(about 1.0 cm/d) for pond depth greater than 0.4 m.  相似文献   

Multifractal analysis of daily rainfall from a monsoon watershed in Eastern China     

Liu Yonghe  Zhang Wanchang  Zhang Kexin  Pei Hongqin 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2012,107(3-4):591-598

The multifractal behavior of daily rainfall was investigated for a watershed in Eastern China to better understand the temporal structure of rainfall under monsoonal climate. In this study, over periods of up to 46 years, daily rainfall recorded in 1962 to 2007 at 10 meteorological stations in the administrative area of Lin-Yi City in Shandong province were analyzed with focus on features of power spectra, standard statistical moments, and exceedance probability tails of these daily rainfall time series. Spectral analysis and study of the moments of the rainfall intensity showed that a scaling range from 1 day to 1 year is present. Empirical moment scaling functions of the rainfall intensity calculated for different moments of order suggested that the values of universal multifractal parameters α and C ₁ for all stations were approximated to 0.7 and 0.37, respectively. Comparing with the parameters estimated in other literatures, our results showed higher values for α but lower values for C ₁ in general, which suggested that the rainfall series in the study watershed influenced by the East-Asia monsoon climate have similarities to that in France, but are spikier and smoother than that in the semi-arid region in Portugal. The parameter H values were estimated as vary from ?0.18 to ?0.22, which is similar to the result obtained by Tessier et al. (J Geophys Res-Atmos 101:26427–26440, 1996).  相似文献   

A multivariate analysis of measurements recorded in early and more modern crania from East Asia and Southeast Asia     

Michael Pietrusewsky 《Quaternary International》2010,211(1-2):42-54

Stepwise discriminant function analysis and Mahalanobis' generalized distance are applied to 28 landmark measurements recorded in 38 prehistoric and modern cranial series from Eastern Asia for interpreting biological relationships and population history. The cranial series are from Japan, China, Northern Asia, mainland Southeast Asia, and island Southeast Asia. The results of this analysis indicate a marked separation of East/North Asian and Southeast Asian cranial series, a finding that supports hypotheses of long-term continuity in northern and southern regions of Eastern Asia rather than models that suggest intrusion and replacement. The results also support a common recent origin of the Chinese, Japanese, and Koreans in Northeast Asia. A major intrusion of people into the Japanese archipelago beginning in the Yayoi Period is further supported by these results. The relationships of Ainu, Jomon, Ryukyu Islanders, and Taiwan Aboriginals are discussed.  相似文献   

基于弱耦合资料同化的冬季北大西洋涛动年际变率预测     

李斐斐  徐彩艳 《气象学报》2023,81(1):124-136

北大西洋涛动作为冬季北大西洋地区大气环流的主模态之一,其年际变率对全球许多地区气候变率具有重要影响,但目前其预测技巧并不高。采用降维投影四维变分同化方法,在耦合模式中建立了基于全球大气资料的弱耦合资料同化系统,直接同化月平均再分析资料,并进行了年代际后报试验。结果表明,通过耦合资料同化的手段,可以显著提升耦合模式对冬季北大西洋涛动年际变率及其相关的欧洲北部、美国东部、欧亚大陆北部的冬季近地面温度年际变率的后报效果,相关系数均超过0.05显著水平t检验。该后报效果的改进主要与在耦合同化过程中通过耦合模式中自由发展的海-气相互作用将大气的观测信息储存在耦合模式的海洋分量中,改进了冬季北大西洋地区海表温度“三极”型分布的时空变率及其时间序列的后报效果有关。该研究强调了耦合模式初始状态的准确度对提升冬季北大西洋涛动年际变率的后报技巧具有重要作用。  相似文献   

Distribution of lightning spatial modes and climatic causes in China          下载免费PDF全文

《大气和海洋科学快报》2023,16(2):100338

This paper investigates the distribution of spatial modes of cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning activity across China's land areas during the period 2010–20 and their possible causes based on the CG lightning dataset of the China National Lightning Detection Network. It is found that the first empirical orthogonal function mode (EOF1) occupies 32.86% of the total variance of the summer CG lightning anomaly variation. Also, it exhibits a negative–positive–negative meridional seesaw pattern from north to south. When the SST of the East Pacific and Indian Ocean warms abnormally and the SST of the Northwest Pacific becomes abnormally cold, a cyclonic circulation is stimulated in the Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and tropical West Pacific region of China. As the water vapor continues to move southwards, it converges with the water vapor deriving from the Bay of Bengal in South China, and ascending motion strengthens here, thus enhancing the CG lightning activity of this area. Affected by the abnormal high pressure, the corresponding CG lightning activities in North China and Northeast China are relatively weak. The ENSO phenomenon is the climate driver for the CG lightning activity occurring in land areas of China.摘要本文利用中国气象局国家雷电监测网 (CNLDN) 的地闪观测数据集, 分析了2010–2020年中国陆地区域地闪空间模态分布特征及其可能的气候成因. 研究发现, 夏季地闪第一模态的方差贡献率为32.86%, 其分布从北到南呈现出“−+−”的经向跷跷板模式. 当东太平洋和印度洋的海温异常增暖, 西北太平洋的海温异常变冷时, 在中国黄海, 东海及热带西太平洋地区激发出气旋性环流. 随着水汽南下至华南地区, 与来自孟加拉湾的水汽汇合, 上升运动在此加强, 从而使得该地区的雷电活动增强. 表明厄尔尼诺-南方涛动 (ENSO) 现象, 是发生在中国陆地区域的地闪活动的气候驱动因子.  相似文献   

数值模式中的大气边界层参数化方案综述   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

孙文奇  李昌义 《山东气象》2018,38(3):11-19

大气边界层对下垫面和自由大气之间的热量、动量和物质交换以及全球辐射的收支平衡有着非常重要的作用,数值模式中对边界层的模拟需要通过参数化方案表现出来。综述了数值模式中常用的边界层参数化方案,从闭合框架以及边界层内的重要物理过程这两个方面对各类方案进行了总结,并讨论了边界层参数化方案的发展方向。  相似文献   

两类厄尔尼诺事件期间热带大气GILL响应分析          下载免费PDF全文

薛德强  徐建军 《山东气象》2021,41(1):82-91

分析了1979—2018年两类厄尔尼诺事件期间月平均热带太平洋海面温度(sea surface temperature, SST)异常、对流降水异常、大气环流异常等特征,发现东部型、中部型厄尔尼诺期间海洋及大气加热场并不是赤道对称,赤道以南热源强度大于赤道以北。大气对热源的响应表现在:1)低层在大气热源西侧出现南、北半球热带相对应的气旋环流异常,但是赤道以南气旋的涡度大于赤道以北,且两类厄尔尼诺事件期间涡度中心的位置不同;到高层赤道中东太平洋呈现赤道对称的反气旋环流控制。2)低层热源的西侧出现西风异常,东侧为东风异常,西风异常的强度与范围明显大于东风异常,且东部型西风异常的强度大于中部型;而到高层,纬向风的风向和低层正好相反。3)低层东部型、中部型厄尔尼诺上升运动异常分别位于赤道中东太平洋和赤道中太平洋,下沉运动出现在热源东西两侧及赤道两侧5°N以北、5°S以南的热带地区;东部型到中层上升运动异常强度达到最大,而中部型到高层上升运动异常强度达到最大。4)低层东部型、中部型厄尔尼诺期间位势高度在中东太平洋为负异常,西太平洋为正异常;到高层,整个赤道中东太平洋地区均为位势高度正异常,并且在赤道两侧分别出现位势高度正异常中心,与反气旋环流涡度中心及下沉运动异常中心相对应。5)除西风异常范围大于东风异常,其他特征与赤道非对称热源GILL响应的理论计算模态基本一致。  相似文献   

Rainfall Microphysical Properties of Landfalling Typhoon Yagi (201814) Based on the Observations of Micro Rain Radar and Cloud Radar in Shandong,China     

Hong WANG  Wenqing WANG  Jun WANG  Dianli GONG  Dianguo ZHANG  Ling ZHANG  Qiuchen ZHANG 《大气科学进展》2021,38(6):994-1011

The development and evolution of precipitation microphysical parameters and the vertical structure characteristics associated with Typhoon Yagi(201814) are analyzed in the city of Jinan, Shandong Province based primarily on the observations of a micro rain radar(MRR), a cloud radar, and a disdrometer. The precipitation process is further subdivided into four types: convective, stratiform, mixed, and light precipitation according to the ground disdrometer data, which is in agreement with the vertical profile of the radar reflectivity detected by the MRR. Vertical winds may be the main source of MRR retrieval error during convective precipitation. Convective precipitation has the shortest duration but makes the largest contribution to the cumulative precipitation. Collision-coalescence is the main microphysical process of stratiform precipitation and light precipitation below the bright band observed by the MRR. It is worth noting that as Typhoon Yagi(201814) transformed into an extratropical cyclone, its raindrop size distributions no longer had the characteristics of maritime precipitation, but become more typical of the characteristic of continental precipitation, which represents a very different raindrop size distribution from that which is normally observed in a landfalling typhoon.  相似文献   

我国冰粒降水天气的观测特征统计分析          下载免费PDF全文

李杰  郭学良  盛日峰  李兴宇 《大气科学学报》2016,39(3):349-360

研究冰粒降水天气的特征对于更好地认识冰冻天气,提高冰冻天气的预警预报能力有重要意义,但我国相关研究较少。利用2011—2013年中国民航机场的例行观测、特殊观测资料,分析了冰粒降水天气的时空分布、持续时间和地面气象要素等特征。选取2001—2013年50个探空站资料分析了冰粒的垂直环境特征。结果表明:冰粒降水天气集中分布在中纬度的黄河下游、长江中下游地区。冰粒降水发生的次数与其持续时间相关性不强,在少发区,其持续时间也可能较长;冰粒降水天气在1—2月比较常见,单次冰粒降水天气过程的持续时间比较短,一般不超过1 h;我国冰粒天气发生时,同时常会有轻雾或无其他天气情况,一般很少伴随有雪。冰粒的融化参数一般小于冻雨的融化参数,但冰粒冻结参数一般大于冻雨的冻结参数。在冰粒天气发生之前一般温度逐渐降低、气压逐渐升高。冰粒天气发生前后湿度都比较大,发生期间风速变化比较小。  相似文献   

水分胁迫对扬花期冬小麦光合特性和干物质生产及产量的影响     

张继波  薛晓萍  李楠  李鸿怡  张磊  宋计平 《干旱气象》2019,37(3):447-453

试验于2016-2017年冬小麦生长季在临沂设施农业气象试验站自动控制遮雨棚内的水分控制场进行,以"齐麦2号"为试材,在水分关键期设计5个梯度水分处理(T1适宜水平,T2、T3、T4、T5分别按照冬小麦水分关键期比常年降水量减少20%、50%、75%、100%一次性补水)和1个雨养对照的水分控制试验,模拟研究不同程度干旱胁迫对扬花期冬小麦光合特性、干物质生产及产量的影响。结果表明:干旱胁迫下,扬花期冬小麦叶片叶绿素a含量、光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)、蒸腾速率(T_r),株高、叶面积、地上部分总干重均呈降低趋势,且干旱胁迫越重,降低幅度越大,T5处理叶绿素a含量、P_n、G_s、T_r、株高、叶面积及地上部分总干重分别较T1处理降低33.6%、67.4%、90.9%、84.6%、43.9%、19.1%和33.3%;随着干旱胁迫的加剧,水分利用效率(WUE)则呈先增加后降低的趋势,并在轻度干旱胁迫时达到最高;干旱胁迫促进植株养分向叶、鞘转移,减少对茎、穗的养分供给,不利于冬小麦产量提高,此外,扬花期干旱胁迫还造成冬小麦灌浆速率降低、不孕穗率升高,理论产量大幅降低。  相似文献