黄土高原半干旱雨养农田空气动力和热力参数分析     

陈乾  ;李宝梓  ;陈添宇 《干旱气象》2014,(4):547-552

利用甘肃省定西干旱气象与生态环境试验基地2003年夏季加强观测期间的资料,计算动量粗燥长度、热量粗糙长度和热量输送附加阻抗,结合卫星反演的差值植被指数Indv和表面温度Ts将其推广到中国西北区东部,可用于计算非均匀地表能量通量。  相似文献   

一次大暴雨过程中高原低涡与西南低涡相互作用机制探讨     

肖红茹  顾清源  何光碧  王瑾 《湖北气象》2009,28(1)

对2007年7月16-19日高原低涡东移形成的川渝地区大范围大暴雨过程,利用自动气象站雨量资料、常规观测资料、FY-2C TBB云图资料和T213分析场资料,采用天气动力学和中尺度诊断方法,分析了大暴雨的形成机制.结果表明:此次大范围大暴雨过程是高原低涡诱发西南低涡发展从而形成耦合系统造成的,其垂直上升运动气柱和涡柱的耦合发展与维持是低涡发生发展并产生持续性强降水的动力机制,对流层下部深厚不稳定层结的形成和维持是低涡发展并形成持续对流性降水的热力层结条件.  相似文献   

三个陆面过程模式在西北半干旱区的模拟性能对比     

杨扬  杨启东  孙旭映  王丽娟 《气候与环境研究》2016,21(4):405-417

利用NOAH(The Community Noah Land Surface Model)、SHAW(Simultaneous Heat and Water)和CLM(Community Land Model)3个不同的陆面过程模式及兰州大学(Semi-Arid Climate Observatory and Laboratory,SACOL)2007年的观测资料,对黄土高原半干旱区的陆面过程进行了模拟研究。通过与观测值间的对比,考察不同陆面过程模式在半干旱区的适用性。研究结果表明:3个模式在半干旱区的模拟性能有较大差异。其中,CLM模式模拟的20 cm以上的浅层土壤温度最优,SHAW模式模拟的深层土壤温度最优;SHAW模式模拟的土壤含水量与观测值最为接近,而NOAH和CLM模式模拟值有较大偏差;3个模式均能较好地模拟地表反射辐射,其中SHAW模式模拟值与观测值的偏差最小;对地表长波辐射的模拟,CLM模式的模拟最优;3个模式均能较好地反映感热、潜热通量的变化趋势,其中CLM模式对感热的模拟性能优于其他两个模式,在有降水发生后的湿润条件下,CLM模式对潜热的模拟性能最优,而无降水的干燥条件下,CLM模式的模拟偏差最大,NOAH模式对冬季潜热的模拟最优。总体而言,CLM模式能够更好地再现半干旱区地气之间的相互作用,但模式对土壤含水量及干燥条件下的潜热通量的模拟较差,模式对半干旱区陆气间的水文过程还有待进一步的研究和改进。  相似文献   

全球穿越对流层顶质量通量的时空变化特征   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

王卫国  樊雯璇  金建德  孙绩华  谢应齐  袁敏  王颢樾  刘晓璐 《高原气象》2007,26(5):910-920

利用1958—2001年44年的ECMWF再分析值资料,采用Euler算法的Wei诊断模型,计算估计了全球平流层与对流层之间穿越对流层顶的质量通量(cross-tropopause flux,即CTF),并对其时空变化特征进行了分析。结果表明:(1)全球CTF的空间分布呈纬向型,且基本与全球经向环流相配合,其中对流层顶断裂带中向下的通量形势较复杂,南半球通量交换的空间变化较均匀,北半球有多峰结构的空间变化,东亚在全球的CTF中有重要作用。(2)南北半球热带对流层顶纬向平均向上的净通量极值分别在5°S为0.873×10-4kg.m-2.s-1和10°N为0.155×10-3kg.m-2.s-1;极地对流层顶向上和向下的通量极值对应在62.5°S为0.510×10-3kg.m-2.s-1,75°S是-0.365×10-3kg.m-2.s-1,55°N为0.257×10-3kg.m-2.s-1,75°N是-0.234×10-3kg.m-2.s-1,两极向上的通量极值在87.5°S为0.355×10-3kg.m-2.s-1,90°N为0.300×10-3kg.m-2.s-1;对流层顶断裂带中向下的净通量极值在35°S是-0.416×10-3kg.m-2.s-1,35°N为-0.333×10-3kg.m-2.s-1。(3)全球的净通量变化出现非对称性的季节波动,南半球和北半球净通量的季节与年际变化趋势完全相反,全球极地对流层顶控制区域的半球年平均质量交换量为-3.55×108Tg.a-1。(4)全球平均的CTF有显著的QBO特征,南北半球的年代际变化明显,特别是20世纪70年代中期至80年代中期出现了质量通量振幅的异常突变现象。  相似文献   

低纬高原地区MM5v3不同参数化方案降水模拟试验   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

段旭  王曼  刘建宇  段玮 《气象》2006,32(4):16-23

为了进一步了解MM5模式在低纬高原降水预报性能，利用MM5模式中的3个物理过程组合了7个不同的参数化试验方案，对低纬高原地区2005年主汛期进行了降水数值试验。结果表明：第三重嵌套网格中的Grell积云参数化、Goddard显式水汽和Cloud（或RRTM）辐射过程组合的试验方案对降水预报效果较好，特别是对大雨和暴雨预报有明显的改善；在将试验结果插值到测站点时，不同扫描半径对插值结果有一定影响，相对而言，20～30km扫描半径插值结果较为理想。  相似文献   

ISENTROPIC POTENTIAL VORTICITY ANALYSIS ON THE MESOSCALE CYCLONE DEVELOPMENT IN A TORRENTIAL RAIN PROCESS^*          下载免费PDF全文

LI Yaohui  SHOU Shaowen  FAN Ke 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2002,16(1):75-85

The mesoscale model MM4 is used to simulate the torrential rain associated with Meiyu front occurring on 5-6 July.1991 in the Changjiang-Huaihe Basin.Based on the outputs of the model,the cause of the mesoscale cyclogenesis on the lower troposphere is investigated in terms of the potential vorticity principle.The results show that because of the favorable pattern of moist isentropic surface,the absolute vorticity increases when cold air with high moist potential vorticity value rapidly slides down southwards along the moist isentropic surface,and then causes the cyclonic vortex development.  相似文献   

Influence of Springtime Atlantic SST on ENSO: Role of the Madden–Julian Oscillation     

Xin Yan  Juzhang Ren  Jianhua Ju  Song Yang 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2018,32(3):380-393

Increased evidence has shown the important role of Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) in modulating the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Persistent anomalies of summer Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) act to link the Atlantic SST anomalies (SSTAs) to ENSO. The Atlantic SSTAs are strongly correlated with the persistent anomalies of summer MJO, and possibly affect MJO in two major ways. One is that an anomalous cyclonic (anticyclonic) circulation appears over the tropical Atlantic Ocean associated with positive (negative) SSTA in spring, and it intensifies (weakens) the Walker circulation. Equatorial updraft anomaly then appears over the Indian Ocean and the eastern Pacific Ocean, intensifying MJO activity over these regions. The other involves a high pressure (low pressure) anomaly associated with the North Atlantic SSTA tripole pattern that is transmitted to the mid- and low-latitudes by a circumglobal teleconnection pattern, leading to strong (weak) convective activity of MJO over the Indian Ocean. The above results offer new viewpoints about the process from springtime Atlantic SSTA signals to summertime atmospheric oscillation, and then to the MJO of tropical atmosphere affecting wintertime Pacific ENSO events, which connects different oceans.  相似文献   

昆明准静止锋客观判识方法研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

段旭  段玮  邢冬 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2017,75(5):811-822

利用云贵高原1961-2010年逐日地面观测资料和ERA-Interim 0.125°×0.125°再分析资料,根据昆明准静止锋（KQSF）的天气学特性,综合考虑热力场、动力场和锋面系统空间尺度等要素,开展昆明准静止锋锋线的客观判识研究。经过典型天气过程分析和气候资料统计的验证,客观判识方法是合理的。在用客观判识方法计算50年全部昆明准静止锋样本的基础上,统计分析了其时、空分布特征。这一客观判识方法为统一、客观、定量地描述昆明准静止锋的特征及其在气象业务中精细化和数值化的应用提供了途径。  相似文献   

ANALYSIS OF “BIMODAL PATTERN” STORM ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BAY OF BENGAL     

段旭  段玮  林志强 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2017,23(2):191-201

Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.  相似文献   

MULTI-HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE AND JUMP OF TEMPERATURE FOR THE GLOBE, CHINA AND YUNNAN OVER THE PAST 100 YEARS     

尤卫红  段旭  邓自旺  伍从斌 《热带气象学报(英文版)》1999,5(1):106-112

An analysis has been conducted of the multi-hierarchical structure and jump of temperature variation for the globe, China and Yunnan Province over the past 100 years using an auto-adaptive, multi-resolution data filter set up in You, Lin and Deng (1997). The result is shown below in three aspects. (11 The variation of global temperature in this period is marked by warming on a large scale and can be divided into three stages of being cold (prior to 1919), warm (between 1920 and 1978) and warmer (since 1979). Well-defined jumps are with the variation in correspondence with the hierarchical evolution on such scale, occurring in 1920 and 1979 when there is the most substantial jump towards warming. For the evolution on smaller scales, however, the variation has shown more of alternations of cold and warm temperatures. The preceding hierarchical structure and warming jump are added with new ones. (2) The trend in which temperature varies is much the same for China and the Yunnan Province, but it is not consistent with that globally, the largest difference being that a weak period of cold temperature in 1955-1978 across the globe was suspended in 1979 when it jumped to a significant warming,while a period of very cold temperature in 1955-1986 in China and Yunnan was not followed by warming in similar extent until 1987. (3) Though there are consistent hierarchical structure and jumping features throughout the year in Yunnan, significant changes with season are also present and the most striking difference is that temperature tends to vary consistently with China in winter and spring but with the globe in summer and fall.  相似文献