西方区域环境治理研究进展及其对粤港澳大湾区的启示     

杨江敏  黄耿志  薛德升 《热带地理》2022,42(2):293-304

文章旨在通过系统梳理西方区域环境治理的研究进展和前沿问题,以拓展国内区域环境治理研究,对认识粤港澳大湾区乃至中国深入发展以来面临的经济发展—环境保护矛盾和探索可持续发展政策有所启示。文章回顾了20多年以来西方区域环境治理研究的主要成果,总结出区域环境治理研究的理论进展、治理模式与影响效应3个重点议题。政府和非政府主体共同参与区域层面环境问题的应对已成为环境治理转变的重要特征之一。各主体之间采用了由国家政府或者地方行动者主导的协调方式,形成了不同的管理模式。区域层面的环境参与受到了经济、政治、社会等多重因素的影响,同时也对资源环境、经济、政治等方面产生了重要影响。最后,文章提出粤港澳大湾区环境治理研究应重点关注中国特色“一国两制”政策背景下粤港澳大湾区环境治理的组织框架,实施环境治理的地域因素、影响效应,探索促进区域发展的制度安排。  相似文献   

公共艺术介入乡村建设失效过程分析及影响机制研究——以云南省元阳阿者科村“哈尼娃”为例     

杨茜好  翁时秀 《地理科学进展》2022,41(2):264-276

包括公共艺术在内的艺术实践介入乡村建设(以下简称“艺术乡建”),旨在通过乡村新文化景观的再造和空间重构,传达对乡土文化的传承与创新的理想愿望。然而在艺术乡建的热潮之下,现有研究较少关注艺术乡建的失效案例,缺乏对消极影响因素及其内在机制的探讨。论文以一个以雕塑视觉艺术实践介入乡村建设的典型案例——云南省元阳阿者科村的公共艺术项目“哈尼娃”,一个构建与外部公共空间相协调的公共艺术场景为例,通过对起始、运营及后运营3个阶段的历时性过程分析,总结了公共艺术介入乡村建设的失效机制。研究认为：艺术话语构建而成的“艺术世界”与日常生活经验构成的“生活世界”之间存在价值错位,依赖于艺术家的单向培育,难以短期内形成乡建的“共同体”和持久的社会效应。权力主体、参与的行为主体及受众群体的波动和变化,都将对艺术实践的价值目标转化造成负面影响。在不同发展程度的乡村中,艺术乡建在面临着可操作性问题之外,更在根本上遭遇社会结构性问题,单一的艺术实践缺乏解决乡村问题的能力。对失效影响因素和过程的讨论,是对艺术乡建进行批判性思考的重要环节,有助于启发未来的具体实践。  相似文献   

基于ConvLSTM机器学习的风暴潮漫滩预报研究          下载免费PDF全文

谢文鸿  徐广珺  董昌明 《大气科学学报》2022,45(5):674-687

风暴潮是指由强烈的大气扰动所导致的海面异常升高现象,由热带气旋引起的风暴潮常对沿海地区造成巨大的社会经济、人类活动和生命财产危害。依靠数据驱动的强非线性映射能力的机器学习方法较传统数值模式预报在耗费研究资源和计算时间上更具优势。本文选取广东省珠江口为研究区域,基于卷积长短时记忆网络（Convolutional LSTM network,ConvLSTM）机器学习算法展开风暴潮漫滩预报研究,利用由再分析资料驱动的数值模式产品构建了历史台风漫滩数据集,用于机器学习模型训练、验证和测试。研究了两种预报方式,一种是基于海表面高度场的自回归预报,另一种是依赖预报风场和初始海表面高度场进行的预报;它们可以实现基于数据驱动的风暴潮漫滩预报,其中自回归预报模型表现更优。相较于传统动力学数值预报,基于数据驱动的ConvLSTM预报模型结构更为轻便,所需驱动数据更少,在缺少边界条件、地形、径流等信号时,在短临预报中仍能基本复现数值模式模拟的结果。  相似文献   

Recent improvements to the physical model of the Bohai Sea,the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea Operational Oceano-graphy Forecasting System     

Ang Li  Xueming Zhu  Yunfei Zhang  Shihe Ren  Miaoyin Zhang  Ziqing Zu  Hui Wang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2021,40(11):87-103

In order to satisfy the increasing demand for the marine forecasting capacity, the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea Operational Oceanography Forecasting System (BYEOFS) has been upgraded and improved to Version 2.0. Based on the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS), a series of comparative experiments were conducted during the improvement process, including correcting topography, changing sea surface atmospheric forcing mode, adjusting open boundary conditions, and considering atmospheric pressure correction. (1) After the topography correction, the volume transport and meridional velocity maximum of Yellow Sea Warm Current increase obviously and the unreasonable bending of its axis around 36.1°N, 123.5°E disappears. (2) After the change of sea surface forcing mode, an effective negative feedback mechanism is formed between predicted sea surface temperature (SST) by the ocean model and sea surface radiation fluxes fields. The simulation errors of SST decreased significantly, and the annual average of root-mean-square error (RMSE) decreased by about 18％. (3) The change of the eastern lateral boundary condition of baroclinic velocity from mixed Radiation-Nudging to Clamped makes the unreasonable westward current in Tsushima Strait disappear. (4) The adding of mean sea level pressure correction option which forms the mean sea level gradient from the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea to the western Pacific in winter and autumn is helpful to increasing the fluctuation of SLA and outflow of the Yellow Sea when the cold high air pressure system controls the Yellow Sea area.  相似文献   

土壤数据集对全球陆面过程模拟的影响     

李文耀  魏楠  黄丽娜  上官微 《气候与环境研究》2020,25(5):555-574

基于通用陆面模式（Common Land Model, CoLM）,首次评估了两套最新的全球土壤数据集GSDE（Global Soil Dataset for Earth System Model）和SG（SoilGrids）对全球陆面过程模拟的影响。比较分析了两套数据中砂粒、粘粒、砾石、有机碳的含量和容重这五个土壤属性在全球分布上的差异以及这种差异造成的对模式估计的土壤特性参数、水力热力变量的影响。结果表明,土壤特性参数在全球的空间分布主要受土壤粒径分布（砂粒、粉粒和粘粒）影响,同时也受砾石、有机碳和容重的影响。土壤资料对全球模拟结果影响主要体现在区域差异,对水文学变量的影响（R_e最大达到±100%）大于对土壤热力学变量的影响（R_e<±10%）,对地表辐射变量的影响较小（R_e<±5%）。其中,土壤体积含水量在加拿大中部及西北部、俄罗斯东南部及中西部和澳大利亚中部地区模拟结果相差较大,总径流在低纬地区模拟结果出现较大的差异,热力学变量在非洲北部、加拿大西北部以及俄罗斯中北部的差异稍大。将模拟的土壤体积含水量与站点观测相比,两套数据的表现接近,与站点观测相比都存在一定的偏差,但SG更接近观测,其中在Molly Caren站点（39°57′N,83°27′W）上SG相比GSDE整体提高约0.01～0.02。本研究表明,模式模拟结果受不同土壤数据集的影响显著,可优先考虑诸如SG较准确的土壤数据。土壤属性对陆面模拟的影响需进一步研究。  相似文献   

西北太平洋台风频数异常及其与海气通量的关系   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

郑浩阳  武亮  温之平  王同美 《海洋学报》2013,35(3):47-55

利用1984-2002年联合台风预警中心(JTWC)最佳路径台风资料、全球海洋客观分析海气通量(OAFluxes)资料和NCAR/NCEP-2再分析资料,使用SVD等统计方法,对西北太平洋台风频数与低层大气环流及海气通量异常之间的关系进行了研究,结果发现150°E以东的低纬海区是台风频数年际异常变化最显著的区域,台风频数与低层大气环流异常、潜热通量和短波辐射通量变化有着密切的联系:当副热带高压强度减弱(增强)、脊线偏北(南)、主体东移(西伸)时,季风槽加深东进至160°E(西退至140°E),低纬的纬向西风加强(减弱),海洋输送给大气较多(少)潜热通量,盛行的纬向西风携带着季风槽南侧的暖湿水汽与副热带高压南缘偏东气流的水汽输送在150°E以东(以西)的低纬海区辐合,150°E以东辐合上升的暖湿气团吸收的短波辐射偏多(少),有利于(不利于)形成高温高湿的不稳定结构,台风能量不断(不易)积累,在低层强(弱)辐合、高层强(弱)辐散的环境场作用下,有利于(不利于)台风在150°E以东的低纬海区的生成。  相似文献   

基于GRACE反演南极物质平衡的研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

翟宁  王泽民  鄂栋臣 《极地研究》2009,21(1):43-47

利用GRACE重力卫星提供的时变重力场反演了南极大陆冰雪质量变化。由于GRACE提供的C20项不准确,本文考虑利用SLR测得的C20项替换,反演结果显示南极西部冰雪在消融,东部基本保持平衡,整个南极以(-0.689±0.172)cm/a的速率在消融。  相似文献   

流体包裹体方法在页岩气研究中的应用     

严礼宇  郑义  王成明  虞鹏鹏 《地质力学学报》2019,25(S1):103-107

自美国页岩气革命以来,中国油气勘探开发对页岩气的研究日渐重视,大量研究对中国陆域页岩气地质资源进行了评价和优选,但对页岩气的生成机理、富集机理、成藏时间和后期破坏等方面的认识仍十分有限。文章通过对比已有对页岩气储层中的流体包裹体的研究,总结流体包裹体在页岩气储层的应用方法、现状与发展趋势。目前对于页岩气储层的包裹体研究,主要使用显微测温方法,对流体包裹体的均一温度、盐度进行研究;结合激光拉曼光谱测试分析包裹体成分,进而模拟恢复其古压力条件,从而反映出页岩气的生成机理、成藏温压条件等。总体而言,中国目前对页岩气生烃机制和保存机制以及储层特殊性的重视程度仍然不够,流体包裹体研究有望成为解决这些问题的利器,需要对其开展更多的工作。  相似文献   

Conceptual consideration and outcrop interpretation on early stage deformation of sand and mud in accretionary prisms for chaotic deposit formation     

《Gondwana Research》2019

This paper dealt with the summary of the outcrop observation of chaotic deposits (mélanges) in the present and past accretionary prisms and complexes with comparative consideration from the conceptual results of deformation under un- and semi-lithified (weakly lithified) conditions. I stressed the significance of pore-fluid pressure, mud pressure (both are treated as head), and frequency of stress period in order to interpret chaotic deposits and related structures on outcrops. Most important results were to point out that the vice versa relationships in sandstone and mudstone, as in one case sandstone is a clast within mudstone matrix, but in another case of early stages of deformation, mudstone is a clast within sandstone matrix. This is interpreted due to sudden shake of high frequency of period like earthquake shake. In addition, new ideas of explanation were adoptable using different stress – effective stress diagrams as well as the conventional stress – strain diagrams as applied by the experimental results of solid mechanics, e.g. critical state deformation in uniform flow for slump and convolution, and scaly clays that are commonly developed in accretionary prisms. The different modes of deformation in sandstone and mudstone in case of hydraulic fracturing, liquefaction and fluidization, and also unique structures like vein structure and scaly clay formation are implied. These concepts are available to interpret various chaotic deposits occurrences, and to discuss their origin from on land and under the sea.  相似文献   

U-Pb zircon ages and Sm-Nd isotopic characteristics of the Lesser and Great Himalayan sequences,Uttarakhand Himalaya,and their regional tectonic implications     

《Gondwana Research》2019

Detrital zircons (DZ) and Nd isotopic characteristics constraint maximum depositional ages of two distinct Paleoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic terranes across the Main Central Thrust zone (Munsiari Group) in the Himalaya. New DZ ages and Nd isotopic characters are reported from the Inner Lesser Himalaya (iLH) sedimentary belt (Berinag Group quartzite) and the Munsiari Group through the Great Himalayan Sequence (GHS–Vaikrita Group) across the MCT to the lower parts of the Tethyan Himalayan Sequence (THS) along the Alaknanda–Dhauli Ganga valleys, Uttarakhand Himalaya. The iLH Berinag Group quartzite yielded nearly unimodal DZ U-Pb ages between 2.05 and 1.80 Ga with ε_Nd(0) values of −17 and −23, while the overthrust Munsiari Group, bounded by the Munsiari Thrust at the base and the Vaikrita Thrust (MCT) at the top, represents the Proterozoic magmatic arc with ∼1.95 and 1.89 Ga U-Pb zircon age population with an average of −25 ε_Nd(0) value; the arc developed during the Columbia Supercontinent assembly. In contrast, overthrust Great Himalayan Sequence (GHS–Vaikrita Group) above the MCT is characterized by entirely new Neoproterozoic 1.05–0.85 Ga zircon population, which appears for the first time in this sequence, and has higher ε_Nd(0) values (average −16). Tectonically overlying the GHS, the Tethyan Himalayan Sequence (THS) has first appearance of the Early Paleozoic detrital zircons, with its ε_Nd(0) values like the GHS. Broadly, these characters persist throughout the Himalayan belt from Himachal to NE Himalaya. The iLH sediments were possibly derived from northernly ∼1.9 Ga magmatic arc, and southern the Archean–Proterozoic Aravalli–Bundelkhand nuclei of the Indian craton. Potential sources for the GHS sediments may be a northerly ‘destroyed’ Neoproterozoic magmatic arc whose remnants exists within the Himalaya as the Neoproterozoic granitoids, and possibly be the iLH sedimentary belt, an ‘In-board’ Aravalli–Delhi Fold Belt (ADFB)–Central Indian Tectonic Zone (CITZ) in the south.  相似文献