Simulation of Kelvin wakes in optical images of rough sea surface     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

Kelvin wake is one of the common wakes generated by moving ships and contains rich information about ships. In this paper, free wave elevations of Kelvin wake are calculated based on the Michell thin ship theory combined with a point source perturbation model. The probability density function of sea surface slopes is introduced to calculate the specular reflection of sunlight and skylight and the refraction of scattered light underwater. Satellite-detected Kelvin wakes are then simulated by adding surface specular reflectance and water-leaving reflectance. Simulation results agree well with satellite measurements. The specular reflection of sunlight is the decisive factor affecting the features of Kelvin wakes according to the simulation results. The main factors that influence the specular reflection of sunlight, such as the incident direction and observation direction, ship parameters, and background environment, are discussed. This study is helpful for wake detection and provides a preliminary theoretical method for the retrieval of ship information.  相似文献   

融合浅层特征的深度卷积神经网络互花米草遥感监测方法     

朱玉玲  王建步  王安东  王锦锦  赵晓龙  任广波  胡亚斌  陈晓英  马毅 《海洋科学》2019,43(7):12-22

基于2018年10月份黄河口入海两侧的LANDSAT8 OLI影像,提取植被指数和缨帽变换分量共9维光谱特征,构建融合浅层特征的8层深度卷积神经网络(deepconvolutionalneuralnetwork,DCNN)分类模型,开展互花米草(SpartinaalternifloraLoisel)遥感监测的方法研究,并从不同的浅层特征来具体分析互花米草的监测结果。结果表明:(1)在分类方法上,DCNN模型的总体分类精度最高,达到90.33%,与支持向量机(support vector machine, SVM)、随机森林(random forest, RF)分类器相比,精度分别提高4.78%、2.7%,互花米草的生产者精度分别提高了2.56%、0.47%,说明在滨海湿地遥感影像分类中, DCNN有着更好的应用潜力;(2)融合浅层特征后, DCNN的总体分类精度和互花米草的识别精度分别提高了0.34%和3.25%,有效提高了对互花米草的监测能力。其中,融合归一化植被水分指数(NDII)浅层特征的DCNN分类方法中,互花米草的识别精度提高最多,为2.56%,比值植被指数(RVI)次之,为2.32%。研究结果可为互花米草的监测与管理提供技术与数据支撑。  相似文献   

从第三极到北极： 热喀斯特及其对碳循环影响研究进展   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

贾麟  范成彦  母梅  陈旭  仲文  尚建国  张凤  李丽丽  彭小清  牟翠翠  张廷军 《冰川冻土》2020,42(1):157-169

北半球多年冻土区储存着大量的土壤有机碳, 气候变暖加剧了多年冻土退化, 多年冻土退化最明显的特征是热喀斯特。热喀斯特会直接导致活动层及多年冻土层土壤有机质暴露, 并改变水文、 植被和土壤生物环境条件, 对生态系统碳循环具有重要影响。热喀斯特对碳循环的影响是评估多年冻土碳循环和气候变化关系不确定性的关键问题之一。然而, 在气候变暖背景下热喀斯特地貌的发育及其对碳循环影响有多大, 目前对这个问题仍然缺乏足够的认识。通过综合比较第三极和北极热喀斯特相关研究, 分析了第三极和北极地区热喀斯特地貌特征及其变化趋势, 阐述了热喀斯特对植被演替、 土壤碳损失和生态系统温室气体排放过程的影响, 并提出了未来热喀斯特研究可能遇到的挑战。认识热喀斯特碳循环过程, 是评估气候变化对多年冻土碳循环影响的关键环节, 有助于加强多年冻土区生态系统碳循环与气候变暖之间反馈关系的认知。  相似文献   

The Late Jurassic Zedong ophiolite: A remnant of subduction initiation within the Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone (southern Tibet) and its tectonic implications     

《Gondwana Research》2020

The Zedong ophiolite is the largest ophiolite massif east of Dazhuqu in the Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone in the southern Tibetan Plateau. However, its age, geodynamic setting and relationship to the Xigaze ophiolite remain controversial. New zircon U–Pb ages, whole-rock geochemical and Nd–Pb isotopic data from ophiolitic units provide constraints on the geodynamic and tectonic evolution of the Zedong ophiolite. U–Pb zircon geochronology of dolerite lavas and late gabbro–diabase dikes yield weighted mean ages of 153.9 ± 2.5 Ma and 149.2 ± 5.1 Ma, respectively. Strong positive ε_Nd(t) and positive Δ7/4Pb and Δ8/4Pb values indicate derivation from a highly depleted mantle source with an isotopic composition similar to that of the Indian MORB-type mantle. The geochemistry of ophiolitic lavas and early dikes are analogous to typical island arc tholeiites whereas late dikes are similar to boninites. The geochemistry of these rock types suggests multi-stage partial melting of the mantle and gradually enhanced subduction influences to the mantle source through time. Combined with the MORB-like 162.9 ± 2.8 Ma Luobusha ophiolitic lavas, we suggest that the Luobusha lavas, Zedong lavas and early dikes originated in an infant proto-arc setting whereas late dikes in the Zedong ophiolite originated in a forearc setting. Together, they represent a Neo-Tethyan subduction initiation sequence. The Late Jurassic intra-oceanic proto-arc to forearc setting of the Zedong ophiolite contrasts with the continental margin forearc setting for the Xigaze ophiolite, which suggests a laterally complex geodynamic setting for ophiolites along the Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone.  相似文献   

Preface     

《Journal of Structural Geology》1991,13(2):v

  相似文献   

参数方程法确定线路放样中边桩坐标          下载免费PDF全文

刘卉卉  覃辉  赵福君 《海洋测绘》2008,28(2):44-47

给出了线路放样过程中确定中边桩坐标的新方法。根据曲线模型,找出线路控制坐标系与局部坐标系坐标之间的参数方程关系,推出了缓和曲线及圆曲线中、边桩坐标的参数方程,代入已知量求得参数的值,且给出了求解步骤。该方法思路清晰,具有一次转换计算就可以实现获取线路中边桩测量坐标的优点,便于工程应用。  相似文献   

Submesoscale eddies in the East China Sea detected from SAR images     

Yuxiang Ji  Guangjun Xu  Changming Dong  Jingsong Yang  Changshui Xia 《海洋学报(英文版)》2021,40(3):18-26

Seven-year(2005–2011) Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) images are applied to study oceanic eddies in the East China Sea. It is found that most of these eddies detected from the SAR images are less than 10 km, which are submesoscale eddies. Seasonal differences are evident in the distribution of eddies, with the highest and the lowest number of eddies noted in summer and winter, respectively. Since slick streaks in SAR images look dark, an eddy identified due to the slicks is referred to as "black eddy". As a result of wave-current interactions in the zones of current shear, it can be seen that an eddy exhibits a bright curve, the eddy is called "white eddy". During the seven years, 95 black eddies and 50 white eddies are identified in the study area. Black eddies are found in the whole study area while white eddies are mainly distributed in the vicinity of the Kuroshio Current. This study suggests that the distribution of the white eddy is denser around the Kuroshio because of the strong shear in the Kuroshio region. In terms of the eddy sizes, white eddies are generally smaller than black eddies.  相似文献   

青藏高原表面温度对温室气体增加的响应及其不确定性:基于CMIP6的研究          下载免费PDF全文

段志方  孔蕴淇  张义晗  杨崧  胡晓明 《大气科学学报》2024,47(2):330-345

近几十年来,青藏高原呈现显著增暖趋势,准确预估青藏高原未来气候变化对农业、生态系统、社会经济和人类生存与发展有着重要的科学意义。本研究基于CMIP6模式中18个模式在CO₂浓度突然4倍(abrupt-4×CO₂)强迫下的实验结果,运用气候反馈响应分析方法(CFRAM),研究温室气体强迫下青藏高原增暖响应、进行归因分析并讨论其模式间差异的来源。结果表明,高原地表增暖在很大程度上是温室气体强迫和正的水汽反馈造成的,并通过反照率反馈、云反馈以及地表热存储过程进一步放大,表面感热和潜热过程抑制了升温的幅度。其中,反照率反馈是造成青藏高原变暖比全球陆面平均增暖更强烈的原因。高原增暖响应的不确定性主要由云反馈贡献,其次是反照率反馈以及水汽反馈,但被感热和潜热过程削减。  相似文献   

海洋碳汇高分辨率检测技术综述和展望          下载免费PDF全文

景士杰  陈方帅  郭鑫  庞新月  胡珍珍  屠奇超  刘纪化 《海洋开发与管理》2022,39(2):29-33

为助推我国碳中和目标的实现以及提升我国在海洋碳汇领域的国际话语权,文章以海洋碳汇机制为切入点,系统梳理高分辨率生物和化学检测技术及其扩展应用。研究结果表明:海洋惰性溶解有机碳库对于海洋增汇具有重要意义,这对溶解有机碳汇资源高分辨率检测技术提出新的要求;目前具有“指纹特征”的高分辨率检测技术主要包括流式细胞和功能基因芯片生物检测技术以及光谱和质谱化学检测技术,此外结合稳定碳同位素标记技术实现生物溯源和化学检测的链接,均具有重要应用前景。  相似文献   

Utilization of Specific Attenuation for Rainfall Estimation in Southern China     

张阿思  黄朝盈  陈生  ZHANG Peng-fei  胡东明  肖柳斯 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2021,27(1):48-61

This study uses rain gauge observations to assess the performance of different radar estimators R(ZH), R(KDP)and R(A) in estimating precipitation based on the observations of an S-band polarimetric radar over southern China during a typical convective storm and an extremely severe typhoon, i. e., Typhoon Manghkut. These radar estimators were derived from observations of a local autonomous particle size and velocity(Parsivel) unit(APU) disdrometer. A key parameter, alpha(α), which is the ratio of specific attenuation A to specific differential phase K_(DP) with three fixed values(α=0.015 dB deg~(-1), α=0.0185 dB deg~(-1) and α=0.03 dB deg~(-1)) was examined to test the sensitivity of the R(A) rain retrievals. The results show that:(1) All radar estimators can capture the spatio-temporal patterns of two precipitation events, R(A) with α =0.0185 dB deg~(-1) is well correlated with gauge measurement via higher Pearson's correlation coefficient(CC) of 0.87, lower relative bias(RB) of 16%, and lower root mean square error(RMSE) of 17.09 mm in the convective storm while it underestimates the typhoon event with RB of 35%;(2) R(A) with α=0.03 dB deg~(-1) shows the best statistical scores with the highest CC(0.92), lowest RB(7%) and RMSE(25.74 mm) corresponding to Typhoon Manghkut;(3) R(A) estimates are more efficient in mitigating the impact of partial beam blockage. The results indicate that α is remarkably influenced by the variation of drop size distribution. Thus, more work is needed to establish an automated and optimized α for the R(A) relation during different rainfall events over different regions.  相似文献