Significance of adakites in petrogenesis of early Silurian magmatism at the Yudai copper deposit in the Kalatag district,NW China     

《Ore Geology Reviews》2017

Yudai is a newly discovered copper deposit associated with a porphyritic quartz diorite, in the Kalatag district of the eastern Tianshan, China. SHRIMP U-Pb dating of zircons from the diorite yielded an age of 432 ± 3 Ma. The diorite is peraluminous (ASI = 0.98–1.10), calc-alkaline to tholeiitic with high Al₂O₃ of 16.6–17.7 wt% and Mg^# of 57.4–67.4. Trace element characteristics of the diorite show it is enriched in Ba, K and Sr, and depleted in Nb, Ta, Ti, with a positive Eu anomaly and high Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios. This diorite has positive ε_Nd(t) values ranging from 6.2 to 8.4 with low initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of 0.704336 to 0.704450. These geochemical and isotopic characteristics indicate that the adakite-like diorite, associated with the copper mineralization, was emplaced in an island arc setting and resulted from partial melting of subducted oceanic plate in a mantle wedge.  相似文献   

Preliminary studies on the dynamic prediction method of rainfall-triggered landslide   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yue-li Chen  De-hui Chen  Ze-chun Li  Jun-bao Huang 《山地科学学报》2016,13(10):1735-1745

Rainfall-triggered landslides have posed significant threats to human lives and property each year in China. This paper proposed a meteorologicalgeotechnical early warning system GRAPES-LFM(GRAPES: Global and Regional Assimilation and Pr Ediction System; LFM: Landslide Forecast Model),basing on the GRAPES model and the landslide predicting model TRIGRS(Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-based Regional Slope-Stability Model) for predicting rainfall-triggered landslides.This integrated system is evaluated in Dehua County,Fujian Province, where typhoon Bilis triggered widespread landslides in July 2006. The GRAPES model runs in 5 km×5 km horizontal resolution, and the initial fields and lateral boundaries are provided by NCEP(National Centers for Environmental Prediction) FNL(Final) Operational Global Analysis data. Quantitative precipitation forecasting products of the GRAPES model are downscaled to 25 m×25 m horizontal resolution by bilinear interpolation to drive the TRIGRS model. Results show that the observed areas locate in the high risk areas, and the GRAPES-LFM model could capture about 74% of the historical landslides with the rainfall intense 30mm/h. Meanwhile, this paper illustrates the relationship between the factor of safety(FS) and different rainfall patterns. GRAPES-LFM model enables us to further develop a regional, early warning dynamic prediction tool of rainfall-induced landslides.  相似文献   

Ages of sediment-hosted Himalayan Pb–Zn–Cu–Ag polymetallic deposits in the Lanping basin,China: Re–Os geochronology of molybdenite and Sm–Nd dating of calcite     

《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2013

The Lanping basin is a significant Pb–Zn–Cu–Ag mineralization belt of the Sanjiang Tethyan metallogenic province in China. Over 100 thrust-controlled, sediment-hosted, Himalayan base metal deposits have been discovered in this basin, including the largest sandstone-hosted Pb–Zn deposit in the world (Jinding), and several Cu ± Ag ± Co deposits (Baiyangping, Baiyangchang and Jinman). These deposits, with total reserves of over 16.0 Mt Pb + Zn, 0.6 Mt Cu, and 7000 t Ag, are mainly hosted in Meso-Cenozoic mottled clastic rocks, and strictly controlled by two Cenozoic thrust systems developed in the western and eastern segments of the Lanping basin.To define the metallogenic history of the study area, we dated nine calcite samples associated with copper sulfides from the Jinman Cu deposit by the Sm–Nd method and five molybdenite samples from the Liancheng Cu–Mo deposit by the Re–Os method. The calcite Sm–Nd age for the Jinman deposit (58 ± 5 Ma) and the molybdenite Re–Os age for the Liancheng deposit (48 ± 2 Ma), together with previously published chronological data, demonstrate (1) the Cu–Ag mineralization in the western Lanping basin mainly occurred in three episodes (i.e., ∼56–54, 51–48, and 31–29 Ma), corresponding to the main- and late-collisional stages of the Indo–Asian orogeny; and (2) the Pb–Zn–Ag (±Cu) mineralization in the eastern Lanping basin lacked precise and direct dating, however, the apatite fission track ages of several representative deposits (21 ± 4 Ma to 32 ± 5 Ma) may offer some constraints on the mineralization age.  相似文献   

北京地区碳酸盐岩热储渗透性研究     

王树芳  庞忠和  何铁柱  林沛  刘凯  刘久荣 《工程地质学报》2014,22(4):647-654

为了从整体上了解北京地区雾迷山组热储的渗透性,首先对采自野外露头和井下热储的34件岩心的孔隙度和渗透率进行了研究和对比,结果显示井下岩心与野外露头岩心渗透率的变化范围分别为（0.0001158～0.33333）10-3m2 和（0.0088～0.334）10-3m2,平均值分别为0.062232110-3m2和0.38531610-3m2。所有岩心的孔隙度在0.25% ～3.00%之间。110眼地热井的抽水试验结果显示,热储渗透率介于（13.74～104474.00）10-3m2之间,平均值为4797.5810-3m2。渗透率在（100～1000）10-3m2之间的累积百分数超过了75%,渗透率小于10010-3m2的样本数仅占13.64%,还有0.91%的样本渗透率超过了10000010-3m2。为表现顶板不同埋深条件与热储渗透率的关系,将顶板埋深分为小于500m、500～1000m、1000～1500m、1500～2000m、2000～2500m、2500～3000m、3000～3500m 7个层段。结果显示热储平均渗透率随热储顶板平均埋深的增大以指数形式减小。  相似文献   

广州南沙区地面沉降分布特征及成因          下载免费PDF全文

刘震林  王莹  柯小兵  罗锡宜 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2023,34(1):49-57

广州南沙区地面沉降已经影响到城市发展和人民生命财产安全,为了制定科学有效的措施防止地面沉降进一步发展,文中基于InSAR监测数据和水准监测数据,总结分析了地面沉降分布特征,地表形变多为小范围的、局部地区的剧烈沉降。在此基础上,针对6个沉降严重区域,采用机理模型定量估算了各因素引起的地面沉降量及所占比重,得可压缩土层引起的沉降量为34.43～96.97 mm/a,所占比重在37.07%～75.67%,地下水水位和地面荷载的最大影响比重分别为26.28%和52.40%。并且通过研究分析地面沉降主要因素及影响程度,为科学防治该地区地面沉降提供科学依据。  相似文献   

Fluid source and physicochemical conditions of the polymetallic mineralization in Gawuch Formation,Kohistan Island Arc,NW Pakistan     

《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2023,83(1):125949

The Cu-Sb-Pb polymetallic vein deposit is hosted by metavolcanics rocks of the Gawuch Formation at the Kaldom Gol area of the northwest Kohistan arc terrain in northern Pakistan. The mineralization is closely associated with the dioritic to granodioritic rocks of the Lowari pluton, which was intruded into the Gawuch metavolcanics. Details of ore characterization and processes of ore genesis of this evidently hydrothermal mineralization are not well documented. Integrating petrographic, mineral-chemical and isotopic investigations, this study aims to comprehend the source of hydrothermal fluids, geochemical evolution, mineral inclusions and physicochemical conditions of the Cu-Sb-Pb polymetallic vein deposit in Gawuch metavolcanics in the Kohistan arc terrain in northern Pakistan. The mineralization is distinguished into three types of ore-gangue associations: Type Ia, Type Ib, and Type II. The textural study revealed two pyrite generations: (i) Py1 displaying euhedral to subhedral habits and containing scarce inclusions, and (ii) Py2 occurring as anhedral grains hosting abundant inclusions. Type Ia is characterized by Py1 associated with abundant quartz (Qz) showing comb texture, sericite (Ser), and minor chlorite (Chl). Type Ib comprises Qz + Ser + Chl and Py2, chalcopyrite (Ccp), and magnetite (Mag). Type II is represented by mosaic quartz, rhombic adularia, and bladed calcite, and the ore minerals fahlore and galena. Alteration zones composed of Qz-Ser ± Chl and Qz-Ser-Chl, surround Type I (a, b) and Type II veins, respectively. Fahlore and galena mostly replace pyrite of Type Ia and chalcopyrite of Type Ib. In addition, malachite, azurite, hematite and covellite occur as secondary (supergene) minerals. The Co/Ni ratios (>1) of Kaldom Gol pyrites suggest that the ore-forming fluids were hydrothermal in origin and Py1 and Py2 solidified at 221–304 °C and 225–261 °C, respectively. The LA-ICP-MS time-resolved depth profiles confirm the existence of sphalerite, and chalcopyrite inclusions in pyrite (Py1 and Py2) and millerite, bravoite, vaesite, Au-tellurides, native Au and galena inclusions in chalcopyrite and fahlore. Sulfur isotope compositions of pyrites (δ³⁴S = Py1, −0.58 to +2 ‰; δ³⁴S = Py2, −0.24 to +2.04 ‰) indicate that the ore-forming fluids were derived from magmatic source (s). The mineral assemblage, hydrothermal alterations, textures, temperature and δ³⁴S of pyrites suggest that the Cu-Sb-Pb polymetallic mineralization at Kaldom Gol represents an intermediate-sulfidation type of epithermal deposit.  相似文献   

Petrographic and mineral chemistry investigation of the high-grade chrysotile asbestos-bearing Zvishavane Ultramafic Complex,south central Zimbabwe     

《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2023,83(2):125950

The Zvishavane Ultramafic Complex (ZUC) in the south central part of the Zimbabwe craton is comprised of coarse-grained serpentinites, metadunites and metagabbros and hosts Africa's largest reserves, and largest mine, of high-grade chrysotile asbestos. Magnesiohornblende, actinolite, plagioclase (An_0.6–41.9), augite, diopside and clinozoisite constitute the mineralogy of the ZUC. Forsteritic olivine (>Fo₉₀) was altered to form chrysotile and antigorite minerals, although some primary olivines are preserved. Contents of Al₂O₃ range from <1 to >2.5 wt% at TiO₂ values of <0.7 wt% consistent with an island arc setting for the ZUC that originated from tholeiitic magmas. The Zvishavane Ultramafic Complex was metamorphosed at relatively high temperatures (542-779 °C) and low pressures (1.2-2kbars), consistent with contact metamorphism. Intrusion of several granitic batholiths relatively close to the ZUC likely triggered hydrothermal fluid migration which metamorphosed the ZUC. The associated asbestos deposits likely formed during hydrothermal circulation events. Zoned amphiboles, the occurrence of magnesiohornblende and actinolite, as well as cross-cutting serpentine veins are consistent with at least two stages of alteration and/or metamorphism of the ZUC. The lack of a thrust contact between the ZUC and its country rocks is consistent with the ZUC having intruded into the host Zvishavane Gneiss Complex and possibly acted as a feeder to the nearby Mberengwa greenstone belt (MGB). However, the occurrence of near end-member forsteritic olivine, the presence of zoned amphiboles, and faulting within the ZUC are all suggestive of an ophiolitic origin although forsteritic olivines also occur in intrusive layered complexes. Metamorphism of the ZUC, ascribed to intrusion of multiple batholiths and possibly the MGB, likely led to the formation of ZUC chrysotile asbestos deposits.  相似文献   

青藏高原高位远程滑坡动力学研究的新问题     

高浩源  高杨  殷跃平  张田田  万佳威 《地质力学学报》2022,28(6):1090-1103

高位远程滑坡动力学机理的研究一直是国际地质灾害领域的难点问题。在青藏高原, 由于地质条件复杂, 高位远程滑坡表现出更为复杂且强烈的动力作用, 出现超高位超远程的链式成灾模式。文章针对青藏高原高位远程滑坡所表现出的三种突出动力学效应——动力破碎效应、动力侵蚀效应以及流态化效应, 从地质特征调查、物理模型试验、数值分析三个层面进行了系统性的综述。针对青藏高原高位远程滑坡目前的研究现状提出了下一步要解决的三个关键科学问题: 极端地质环境下高位远程滑坡机理研究、基于尺寸效应的模型试验新方法研究和高位远程滑坡流域性灾害链研究。这些问题将为高位远程滑坡动力学机理的研究和服务工程建设中高位远程滑坡灾害的防灾减灾提供科学依据。   相似文献   

强降雨条件下碎屑岩滑坡远程运动模拟分析——以牛儿湾滑坡为例     

吴伟乐  贺凯  高杨  李滨  刘朋飞 《地质力学学报》2022,28(6):1115-1126

中国西南砂泥岩地层山区在强降雨条件下频发远程滑坡灾害, 是防灾减灾领域亟待解决的关键问题。以2020年7月13日重庆武隆牛儿湾滑坡为例, 通过无人机航飞、野外调查和地质条件分析等手段, 运用PFC3D模拟, 对中国西南砂泥岩地层山区强降雨条件下流化滑坡远程运动成灾模式开展研究。研究结果显示: 独特的地层结构(上部为第四系残坡积土, 下部为砂泥岩)是导致滑坡顺层失稳, 并远程流化运动的根本原因; 强降雨条件是导致滑坡深层失稳、整体下滑, 同时使表层残破积土层饱水流化远程运动的关键影响因素; 顺层滑坡远程流化成灾模式主要表现出下层整体滑移、中层粗细颗粒混合和上层饱水流化的特征, 流化过程可分为整体高位失稳—混合加速—运动流化堆积三个阶段。基于以上研究, 认为砂泥岩地层山区的远程流化滑坡风险调查与预测过程应当充分基于滑体远程流化运动的成灾特点进行调查与评价, 以此为防灾减灾提供定量化科学依据。   相似文献   

新源县加朗普特特大型滑坡地质结构探测及老滑坡影响综合研究     

尚彦军  金维浚  伊学涛  姜东廷  崔振东  贺强  曹小红 《工程地质学报》2022,30(3):760-771

对体积巨大但数量占比很小的特大型黄土滑坡,除区域地质背景、强降雨诱发、非饱和土力学分析和稳定性模拟计算外,还需从中小尺度地质构造和沉积相变中寻找其与众多中小型滑坡发生和分布差异性原因。以2002年5月发生体积达2275×104m3的新源则克台加朗普特特大型滑坡为例,作者采用沉积相变分析、高密度电法探测、中小尺度地质构造解译和水文地质条件变化对比等技术方法,揭示了该特大型滑坡系NWW向区域断裂和场区隐伏NW向断裂控制下早在1985年12月之前就已发生的特大型老滑坡,其后受强降雨作用及水文地质条件变化而中后部复活而向西运动的机理。组成该滑坡群的3个不同形状和滑向的滑坡不是同时出现,中下部不动体是受NW向断裂控制的条带状隆起基岩。本文所提断层和相变影响下加朗普特滑坡受地震始发而强降雨诱发的新模式,可望为该滑坡不同阶段稳定性分析和穿行的S316道路利用不动体跨越式整治提供依据。  相似文献