排序方式： 共有82条查询结果，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
多尺度邻域特征下的机载LiDAR点云电力线分类 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用机载激光雷达技术三维测量精度高且获取快速的优点进行电力线自动分类提取已成为点云数据处理与电力应用的重要领域。针对电力线分类模型的自动化和高精度需求，本文提出了基于三维多尺度邻域特征的机载LiDAR点云电力线分类提取模型框架，主要包括4个步骤：电力线候选点滤波、多尺度邻域类型选取、形状结构特征提取和支持向量机分类。通过对2个复杂城市区域的试验数据集和8种不同邻域类型的详细结果对比分析，发现基于多尺度圆球邻域形状结构特征的分类模型结果准确率、召回率和质量分别达到97%、94%和93%，同时整体处理时间在2个试验数据中分别从366、256 s减少到274、160 s。试验结果表明，该方法在多种复杂城市场景中能够实现机载LiDAR数据的电力线较高精度分类提取。 相似文献
2.
Jun Wang Jie Liu Qiao Liang Xiangsen Ouyang 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2018,36(4):1991-2001
In the soil slope supported by bolts, longitude waves instead of transverse waves, generated by earthquakes, first reach the slope surface. With the dynamic response of the P (pressure) wave along the anchorage structure, first, a theoretical study was conducted to investigate the propagation characteristics of the interference superposition, generated by the SV (shear-vertical) and the P waves. The SV wave was formed by the wave, originating from the bottom and reflected from the free surface of the slope, whereas the latter was the incident P wave, propagating in the slope. In addition, the structural measures, restraining the seismic wave, and the characteristics of the restraint effect at the free segment of the bolt were investigated. According to the wave-way difference between the incident P wave and the reflected SV wave, the minimum critical slope angle, influenced by the interference at the shallow slope, and the maximum influencing depth of the dynamic response, acting vertically to the slope surface, were obtained. The results indicate that the maximum influencing depth linearly correlated with the slope angle. Furthermore, based on the propagation characteristics of the P wave along the bolt, and the coupled relation between the wave length and the anchorage design parameters, the axial acceleration of the wave propagating along the bolt axis was obtained. Then, the theoretical length of the anti-seismic bolt, subjected to seismic waves, and the compensation force of the anchorage structure were obtained. Finally, a numerical study, based on FlAC3D, properly verified the theoretical conclusions. 相似文献
3.
为研究震后九寨沟钙华景区的溶洞、裂隙、暗流等地质特性,丰富钙华景区岩溶洞穴无损探测技术,探讨了多物探技术在多孔疏松钙华地区作业的可靠性。首次运用地质雷达法及高密度电法相结合的无损探测技术,在九寨沟景区火花海特定区域进行了现场勘查和无损探测试验。结合对比两种无损探测成果与测区内出露地质剖面3组勘探数据,结果发现:高密度电法与地质雷达法相结合,两者能优劣互补,相互佐证,在解决钙华区域浅部溶洞、暗流、裂隙等工作中,对探测目标体具有极高的识别度。两种方法探测数据与震后出露剖面地质特征保持极高的一致性,验证了两种无损检测方法在多孔疏松介质条件下数据的真实可靠性,解决了多物探技术在多孔疏松介质地区施工的疑点和难点,丰富了工程物探领域技术。 相似文献
4.
红砂岩在我国分布广泛，由于含水率的变化使其崩解破碎十分显著。采用湖南株洲地区的红砂岩样，进行室内静态与扰动崩解试验。基于Weibull分布建立了红砂岩颗粒崩解破碎级配曲线演化模型，分析了模型参数λ与k的意义。分析表明，Weibull分布参数λ与k的大小及变化速率体现了红砂岩颗粒崩解破碎的演化过程。在建立模型的基础上，求得了相对崩解比的计算公式，并验证了计算公式的正确性。依据试验结果与模型计算值，讨论了耐崩解性指数与崩解比的异同及所采用试验方法的不同对试验结果造成的影响。在已有成果的基础上，验证了Weibull分布模型应用于岩石颗粒崩解破碎演化过程的可行性。 相似文献
5.
煤层顶板为弱胶结岩体时稳定性差,常在煤炭回采过程中或巷道掘进时发生大变形或失稳等现象,维护难度较大。针对煤巷弱胶结粉砂岩顶板力学特征与变形控制等问题,以广西林场煤矿煤巷弱胶结粉砂岩顶板支护工程为工程背景,采用现场调研、实验室试验、理论分析等方法进行研究。通过现场调研,发现研究巷道有顶板岩层自承能力差、受水环境影响、支护结构失效率高、底板受水影响底鼓量大、受采动影响等特征;顶板岩石点荷载试验表明,其单轴抗压强度仅为1.9～ 2.3 MPa,采用电镜扫描发现,弱胶结粉砂岩以粗粒矿物为骨架;在普氏理论的基础上,推导了巷道顶板和两帮承压极限表达式,提出了提高巷道围岩整体强度和承载能力、确定合理的锚杆支护参数、顶板设计锚索加强支护等弱胶结巷道围岩控制要点。依据试验分析与理论研究成果,提出了以注浆加固为基础,锚杆和锚索联合支护的控制方案,并在林场煤矿进行了工业性试验。现场监测数据表明,设计的支护方案可以有效地控制煤巷弱胶结粉砂岩顶板变形。 相似文献
6.
Sun Bing Yang Haowei Zeng Sheng Luo Yu 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2022,40(11):5577-5591
The effect law of deformation and failure of a jointed rock mass is essential for underground engineering safety and stability evaluation. In order to study the evolution mechanism and precursory characteristics of instability and failure of jointed rock masses, uniaxial compression and acoustic emission (AE) tests are conducted on sandstones with different joint dip angles. To simulate the mechanical behavior of the rock, a jointed rock mass damage constitutive model with AE characteristic parameters is created based on damage mechanics theory and taking into account the effect of rock mass structure and load coupling. To quantify the mechanism of rock instability, a cusp catastrophe model with AE characteristic parameters is created based on catastrophe theory. The results indicate that when the joint dip angle increases from 0° to 90°, the failure mechanism of sandstone shifts from tensile to shear, with 45° being the critical failure mode. Sandstone's compressive strength reduces initially and subsequently increases, resulting in a U-shaped distribution. The developed damage constitutive model's theoretical curve closely matches the test curve, indicating that the model can reasonably describe the damage evolution of sandstone. The cusp catastrophe model has a high forecast accuracy, and when combined with the damage constitutive model, the prediction accuracy can be increased further. The research results can provide theoretical guidance for the safety and stability evaluation of underground engineering.
相似文献7.
青藏高原东南部海洋型冰川物质平衡研究进展北大核心CSCD 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
青藏东南部海洋型冰川具有独特的气候敏感性,普遍呈现加速退缩趋势,这不仅影响区域水资源安全,而且伴生了相应的冰川灾害,是当前青藏高原冰冻圈变化研究的热点区域之一。本文对海洋型冰川物质平衡时空变化特征进行了综述,2000年以来冰川总体处于物质亏损状态,其平均物质平衡介于-0.66~-0.61m w.e.·a^(-1)之间;同时总结了海洋型冰川物质加速变化的驱动因素以及新特征。当前海洋型冰川物质平衡变化研究受观测数据缺乏和模型模拟不确定性等问题限制,尤其现有模型对冰面裂隙增多与扩张、冰崖-冰面湖-表碛相互作用、冰内冰下过程、冰崩、末端冰湖水-冰相互作用等过程的描述过于简化或基本缺失,其机理及影响仍存在较大的不确定性。未来需加强海洋型冰川物质平衡的综合监测,基于多数据和多方法的集成研究提高模型对冰川物质平衡多物理过程的耦合与模拟能力,为开展海洋型冰川物质变化的区域水资源效应和致灾效应研究奠定基础。 相似文献
8.
In this paper, field investigations such as underground coal wall observations and core log analyses have been conducted and combined with laboratory experiments such as the mercury intrusion method, the low-temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption method, photomicrography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to study the growth characteristics and genetic types of pores, micro-fractures and macro-fractures in coal bed #3 of the southern Qinshui basin, and to analyze the connections between pores and fractures. The results show that this coal bed prioritizes micropores and transition pores (i.e., intermolecular pores and residual gas pores), followed by macropores (i.e., plant tissue pores and intergranular pores). Mesopores (metamorphic gas pores) do not develop. Moreover, coal bed #3 contains a considerable number of closed and semi-closed pores. It develops two groups of exogenous fractures and cleats (i.e., endogenous fractures) and the formation is controlled by a paleotectonic stress field. The cleats have a relatively small density and are usually filled by calcite and other minerals, which are harmful to the permeability of the coal bed. Shrinkage micro-fissures, static pressure micro-fissures, structure micro-fissures and ultramicroscopic fissures are all widely developed and are not filled by minerals. Micro-fissures are important channels for the connections between pores and cleats. Ultramicroscopic fissures cut through some gas pores. These two types of fractures improve the permeability and connectivity of the coal bed and are important links between different sizes of pores and fractures. There are three levels of connections between pores and fractures, namely, connections between ultramicrostructures and microstructures, connections between microstructures and cleats and connections between cleats and exogenous fractures. 相似文献
9.
利用地震沉积学、层序地层学的相关理论和方法,结合钻测井数据、地震反射结构特征、均方根振幅属性和滨线迁移轨迹特征等资料,对珠江口盆地白云凹陷北坡21 Ma强制海退体系域的识别特征、演化模式和油气意义进行了探讨,指出该体系域在平行物源方向具有高角度斜交型前积反射,其前端靠近盆地中心发育具丘状反射的盆底扇,滨线迁移轨迹呈向盆地方向逐级下降的趋势。结果表明:强制海退体系域在垂直物源方向发育"U"型的下切谷,内部为平行的地震反射充填结构;测井曲线为漏斗形和箱型的组合特征,表现为多个四级相对海平面变化控制的准层序组,且每个准层序组都具有向上水体变浅和顶部突然变深的特征;强制海退体系域之下为前期层序高位体系域的前三角洲或陆架泥岩,其上沉积了海侵体系域和高位体系域的半深海暗色泥岩,同时受陆架坡折带地层尖灭和断裂沟通深部油源的控制,可形成有利的生、储、盖组合,是寻找岩性油气藏的有利场所。 相似文献
10.
《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2003,20(2):83-110
Tectonically controlled lakes developed during Miocene lateral extrusion of the Eastern Alps. Mineralogy, and the inorganic and organic geochemistry of rocks from three boreholes were investigated to reconstruct the evolution of Lake Ingering and Lake Groisenbach and to study the distribution of source rocks in pull-apart basins. Gas-prone coal and oil-prone sapropelic shale accumulated during the initial, shallow stages of Lake Ingering. Thereafter, the lake deepened rapidly. 125-m-thick prodelta shale containing a type II kerogen was deposited in the brackish, several hundred meter deep, hydrologically closed lake. Afterwards, decreasing subsidence allowed the filling of the lake by prograding deltas. During the advance of the deltaic systems, the lake became shallower, hydrologically open, and the brackish influence terminated. Source rock quality decreased significantly during the filling stage of the lake, a consequence of dilution of autochthonous organic matter and of enhanced input of land plants. Despite its considerable dimensions, formation and filling of Lake Ingering lasted only two million years. Lake Groisenbach was considerably smaller and more susceptible to high-frequency changes in lake chemistry. Although the water body was temporarily oligosaline, brackish conditions did not occur. High sulphur contents were due to anoxic events and the inflow of Ca-rich waters. Abundant dissolved silica favoured diatoms blooms. 相似文献