青海湖地区生态系统服务价值变化分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

李惠梅  张安录  高泽兵  卓玛措 《地理科学进展》2012,31(12):1747-1754

采用生态系统服务估值、Matlab7.0 多元线性回归分析和敏感性分析等研究方法, 定量分析了生态系统服务价值的变化及其与气候、GDP、个人储蓄、城市化水平等驱动因子之间的相关性和敏感性, 以识别影响青海湖生态环境的主要影响因素, 以期为该区域生态保护调控和管理提供依据。研究结果表明:①2000-2008 年青海湖地区生态系统服务价值平均为119.226 亿元, 2008 年比2000 年下降3.98%;②2000-2008 年生态系统服务价值变化与气温和社会经济发展因素存在显著的负相关, 对气温、GDP和城镇化率的弹性系数分别为0.896、0.249 和0.2988;③2000-2008 年, 生态系统服务价值变化对城市化率和气温具有很大的敏感性, 敏感性系数分别为4.979 和1.712。研究表明, 青海湖地区的生态系统服务下降是气候暖干化和经济发展的综合作用结果。青海湖地区应该关注农牧民生计, 实施生态补偿机制以实现可持续的生态保护战略。  相似文献   

颅骨板障型脑膜瘤的影像诊断     

吴磊  ;陈文  ;郭娟  ;刘超  ;陈义加 《CT理论与应用研究》2014,(4):637-642

目的：探讨颅骨板障型脑膜瘤的CT和MRI影像表现。方法：收集2012年1月至2013年6月经病理及免疫组化证实的颅骨板障型脑膜瘤病例共2例,分析其临床、病理及CT表现。结果：发生于额颞顶骨交界部1例、顶骨1例,病理证实前者为透明细胞型、后者为上皮型。前者为成骨性骨质破坏,CT表现为颅骨骨质明显增厚,边缘毛糙,内外板界限不清,部分病变内侧可见弧形钙化;后者为溶骨性骨质破坏,MRI表现为T1WI等低信号,T2WI等信号,增强扫描强化明显、均匀。结论：CT和MRI能对不同骨质破坏方式的板障型脑膜瘤的大小、形态和周围组织的侵犯程度作出较准确的诊断。  相似文献   

The Evolution of a Meso-β-Scale Convective Vortex in the Dabie Mountain Area   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

XU Wenhui  NI Yunqi  WANG Xiaokang  QIU Xuexing 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2012,26(5):597-613

The evolution of a mesoscale convective system (MCS) that caused strong precipitation in the northern area of Dabie Mountain during 21-22 June 2008 is analyzed, along with the evolution of the associated meso-β-scale convective vortex (MCV). The mesoscale reanalysis data generated by the Local Analysis and Prediction System (LAPS) at a 3-km horizontal resolution and a 1-h time resolution during the South China Heavy Rainfall Experiment (SCHeREX) were utilized. The results show that two processes played key roles in the enhancement of convective instability. First, the mesoscale low-level jet strengthened and shifted eastward, leading to the convergence of warm-wet airflow and increasing convective instability at middle and low levels. Second, the warm-wet airflow interacted with the cold airflow from the north, causing increased vertical vorticity in the vicinity of steeply sloping moist isentropic surfaces. The combined action of these two processes caused the MCS to shift progressively eastward. Condensation associated with the MCS released latent heat and formed a layer of large diabatic heating in the middle troposphere, increasing the potential vorticity below this layer. This increase in potential vorticity created favorable conditions for the development of a low-level vortex circulation. The vertical motion associated with this low-level vortex further promoted the development of convection, creating a positive feedback between the deep convection and the low-level vortex circulation. This feedback mechanism not only promoted the maturation of the MCS, but also played the primary role in the evolution of the MCV. The MCV formed and developed due to the enhancement of the positive feedback that accompanied the coming together of the center of the vortex and the center of the convection. The positive feedback peaked and the MCV matured when these two centers converged. The positive feedback weakened and the MCV began to decay as the two centers separated and diverged.  相似文献   

东天山新元古代—古生代大地构造格架与演化新认识     

王国灿  张孟  冯家龙  廖群安  张雄华  康磊  郭瑞禄  玄泽悠  韩凯宇 《地质力学学报》2019,25(5):798-819

基于基础地质调查获得的新资料,对涉及东天山新元古代-古生代大地构造演化格局存在争议或认识模糊的准噶尔-吐哈地块、北天山洋盆和康古尔洋盆的属性及相互时空关联进行了重新界定。提出准噶尔-吐哈地块为相对刚性的、深部为0.8~0.55 Ga新生地壳但表层存在>1.0 Ga古老陆壳残片的具有大洋高原性质的统一块体,北界范围随着北部边缘的裂拚演化过程而随时间发生变化。基于对吐哈地块与中天山之间新发现的大草滩蛇绿岩以及其他蛇绿混杂岩带的系统梳理,提出古生代两阶段不同性质的洋盆演化模型。具有显著不同板块分隔意义的北天山洋盆主要出现于寒武-中泥盆世,代表长期分隔准噶尔-吐哈地块与中天山-塔里木板块的主大洋,而康古尔古洋盆是石炭纪-早二叠世早期叠加在已经缝合的北天山洋盆的古大陆边缘体系之上重新打开的持续时间较短的有限小洋盆。结合近年来其他相关研究新成果,重新构建了东天山地区新元古代-古生代构造演化模型。   相似文献   

雷达-雨量计联合估测降水初值场形成方法探讨   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

李建通  郭林  杨洪平 《大气科学》2005,29(6):1010-1020

在雷达-雨量计联合估测区域降水量中,参加校准的雷达初值场代表性好坏在很大程度上影响了最终的估测精度和雨量分布.作者从参加校准的雷达初值场的基本要求出发,分析了先前几种预处理方法的优缺点,提出一种新的资料预处理方法--时间权重平均法,并用1996～1997年的雷达和地面雨量站实测资料进行了分析.结果表明:该方法充分考虑了雷达和雨量计观测的时间一致性,能够在一定程度上改善雷达估测降水的初值场,提高了估测区域降水量的精度.  相似文献   

应用遗传-神经网络方法预测软土路基沉降          下载免费PDF全文

李敏刚  张燚  汪操根  李粮纲 《探矿工程》2009,36(3):45-47,52

理论方法预测软土地基沉降与实际存在较大的差距,使得预测结果很难达到设计要求,不利于指导施工。将现有的理论方法同现场观测信息相结合,对软土地基变形作出更为准确的预测,有利于指导和控制工程施工。采用遗传算法和BP最优化法相结合的算法来训练网络,用遗传算法来优化BP神经网络中权值;用龚帕斯曲线来分解沉降时序,通过沉降趋势线偏移量来训练网络。采用这种方法预测软土路基沉降取得了较好的应用效果。  相似文献   

长江流域水沙周期特征及可能影响原因   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

张强  陈桂亚  许崇育  许有鹏  刘春玲  姜彤 《水科学进展》2009,20(1):80-85

运用小波变换的方法研究了长江流域干流站(屏山站、宜昌站、大通站与汉口站)以及位于支流嘉陵江流域的北碚站近40年来月均流量与输沙率,研究认为:(1)水利工程(本文主要指水库)对下游河道输沙率的影响远远大于对流量的影响;(2)葛洲坝是低水头径流式发电站,对下游流量变化影响不大,虽然在建库初期对输沙率有一定影响,导致下游河床下切,但远未达到使输沙率固有的1年周期受到影响的程度;(3)三峡大坝的建设已经对下游输沙率产生严重影响,使其固有的1年周期消失,但三峡大坝下游河道输沙率对这种影响的响应与距三峡大坝的距离成反比,即愈往下游,输沙率受三峡大坝的影响愈小;(4)输沙率变化对水利工程影响的敏感程度受流域尺度的影响,流域尺度越大,其反应就愈迟钝,反之亦然。  相似文献   

发展绿色高性能混凝土促进可持续发展(英文)     

孙杰  廖海峰 《地震学刊》2010,(Z1):432-435

面对自然资源不断减少和环境污染日益严重的问题,普通混凝土已经不能很好地适应社会经济发展需要,人们对混凝土性能提出了更高要求。混凝土材料的发展须与保护环境、节约能源、节省资源综合考虑,协调发展。绿色高性能混凝土(GHPC)是近年发展起来的一种绿色、环保、符合我国可持续发展战略的新型建筑材料。本文介绍了绿色高性能混凝土的概念以及特征,分析了绿色混凝土的分类及目前的应用状况,进而提出了绿色混凝土尚存在的问题。明确地指出发展绿色高性能混凝土是混凝土材料可持续发展的必然方向。  相似文献   

结构面剪切强度参数三维分形估算   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

尹红梅  张宜虎  孔祥辉 《水文地质工程地质》2011,38(4):58-62

现有结构面剪切强度参数经验估算公式多建立在结构面形态二维描述基础上,对结构面形态的三维特征考虑不够。作者自行研制了结构面形态三维量测设备,对结构面表面形态进行三维量测,将量测结果与分形理论相结合,采用分形维数表征结构面三维形态特征。在对大量硬性结构面剪切试验结果及表面形态描述结果进行统计分析的基础上,提出将JRC-JCS估算公式中的JRC用分形维数的表达式替换,进而建立了基于结构面表面形态三维分形表述的剪切强度估算公式:τ=σntg[(6.12D-13.53)lg ((JCS)/σ_n)+φb]。实际应用结果表明,改进后的估算方法能得到令人满意的结构面剪切强度参数。  相似文献   

Response of the radiation belt electron flux to the solar wind velocity: Parameterization by radial distance and energy     

《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2008,70(14):1810-1828

The solar wind velocity is the primary driver of the electron flux variability in Earth's radiation belts. The response of the logarithmic flux (“log-flux”) to this driver has been determined at the geosynchronous orbit and at a fixed energy [Baker, D.N., McPherron, R.L., Cayton, T.E., Klebesadel, R.W., 1990. Linear prediction filter analysis of relativistic electron properties at 6.6 RE. Journal of Geophysical Research 95(A9), 15,133–15,140) and as a function of L shell and fixed energy [Vassiliadis, D., Klimas, A.J., Kanekal, S.G., Baker, D.N., Weigel, R.S., 2002. Long-term average, solar-cycle, and seasonal response of magnetospheric energetic electrons to the solar wind speed. Journal of Geophysical Research 107, doi:10.1029/2001JA000506). In this paper we generalize the response model as a function of particle energy (0.8–6.4 MeV) using POLAR HIST measurements. All three response peaks identified earlier figure prominently in the high-altitude POLAR measurements. The positive response around the geosynchronous orbit is peak P₁ (τ=2±1 d; L=5.8±0.5; E=0.8–6.4 MeV), associated with high-speed, low-density streams and the ULF wave activity they produce. Deeper in the magnetosphere, the response is dominated by a positive peak P₀ (0±1 d; 2.9±0.5R_E; 0.8–1.1 MeV), of a shorter duration and producing lower-energy electrons. The P₀ response occurs during the passage of geoeffective structures containing high IMF and high-density parts, such as ICMEs and other mass ejecta. Finally, the negative peak V₁ (0±0.5 d; 5.7±0.5R_E; 0.8–6.4 MeV) is associated with the “D_st effect” or the quasiadiabatic transport produced by ring-current intensifications. As energies increase, the P₁ and V₁ peaks appear at lower L, while the D_st effect becomes more pronounced in the region L<3. The P₀ effectively disappears for E>1.6 MeV because of low statistics, although it is evident in individual events. The continuity of the response across radial and energy scales supports the earlier hypothesis that each of the three modes corresponds to a qualitatively different type of large-scale electron acceleration and transport.  相似文献