土壤重金属连续提取方法的优化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘丹丹  刘菲  缪德仁 《现代地质》2015,29(2):390-396

重金属在污染土壤中的形态分布决定着重金属的迁移性和危害的程度。土壤重金属形态分析应用最多的是Tessier和BCR连续提取法。Tessier和BCR连续提取法没有考虑土壤样品的特征。美国环保署危险废物浸出毒性鉴别标准法虽然考虑土壤pH值,但没有划分形态。采集不同pH土样,结合Tessier、BCR和毒性浸出鉴别方法的特征,优化出针对不同pH值土壤的连续提取方法,将土壤中重金属划分为活性态、次生碳酸盐结合态、次稳定态和稳定态。用优化的连续提取方法对土样进行连续提取,重金属回收率为85%~115%。优化连续提取方法的结果与Tessier和BCR结果对比显示优化连续提取方法克服了Tessier连续提取法对非石灰质土壤提取过量BCR连续提取法对石灰质土壤提取不足的缺点。优化后的连续提取方法数据稳定可靠,可作为重金属形态分析方法使用。  相似文献   

Coastal Case Study-Clarence City Council     

Yun GAO 《地下水科学与工程》2014,2(1):21-28

This report chooses Clarence City Council as the coastal jurisdiction and analyzes its planning processes and instruments for its potential to build resilience to climate change impacts on the coast. In the first part, it introduces the change of Australia’s climate and consequences of climate change. Based on analysis of sea level rise, inundation and erosion risk, it shows climate change has impacts on Clarence coastal areas in Tasmania. This paper shows the three key elements for successful coastal management (retreat, accommodation and protection) and discusses the factors that impede resilience. Finally, there are some recommendations that may be helpful for climate change impacts and local council  相似文献   

Environmental Effect Caused by Over-exploitation of Deep Groundwater in North China     

Xiu-yan WANG  Yu-hong FEI 《地下水科学与工程》2014,2(1):12-20

Based on the formation and development analysis of the environmental geological disaster of land subsidence, earth fissures and other geological disasters in the North China, it showed these disasters caused a very serious problem in some areas of the North China, such as the deep groundwater exploitation cone, which is accumulated with great damage and loss and is hard to be controlled, therefore, great attention should be paid. It is considered that the formation of the deep groundwater cone is the root of various geological environmental problems, and the groundwater cone recovery is the key to solve other environmental problems  相似文献   

Construction of ecological environment of oasis in Qingtongxia Irrigation District     

HUANG Xiao-qin  YU Yan-qing  SUN Yong-liang 《地下水科学与工程》2014,2(3):78-84

Oasis is the core area of social and economic development in the arid western regions, and is also a territory with prominent ecological environmental problems. Because of the unreasonable development and utilization of soil and water resources, the ecological environment of oasis in Qingtongxia Irrigation District is threatened by soil salinization, shrinkage of lakes and wetlands, and deterioration of water environment. As for these environmental problems, the direct cause is the loss of regulation of groundwater depth or serious pollution of water caused by man-made irrational exploitation, and the root cause lies in shortage of water resources and unreasonable allocation of water resources. In this regard, it is believed that the primary task for the construction ecological environment of oasis in Qingtongxia Irrigation District is to adjust the allocation structure of water resources and to ease the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources, for which the direct means is to carry out dynamic control of water and salt based on the ecological landscape structure and land type in the Irrigation District in accordance with local conditions.  相似文献   

The Impact of Human Activities on CO2 Intake by Carbonate Weathering: A Case Study of Conglin Karst Ridge-trough at Fuling Town,Chongqing, China     

Chang-li LIU  Chao SONG  Hong-bing HOU  Xiu-yan WANG  Yun ZHANG  Jun-kun WANG  Jian-mei JIANG  Li-xin PEI  Bo SONG 《地下水科学与工程》2014,2(1):29-38

The chemical weathering can consume atmosphere/soil CO2. Human activities such as pollution, fertilization and acid precipitation have exerted a large impact on CO2 intake by carbonate weathering. Thus, based on the analysis on chemical component change of the karst groundwater in the karst ridge watershed of Conglin Village, Fuling District of Chongqing City, the influence of human activities such as fertilization, sewage discharges from mustard tuber processing, breeding industry and acid rain precipitation on carbonate weathering and CO2 intake in 1980, 2003 and 2006 was studied. The results showed that CO2 intake by carbonate rock declined with year. Because H+ derived from acid sewage discharge, fertilization and acid precipitation reacted with carbonate rock when mustard tuber production and swine breeding were developed fleetly after 2000 as well as the burning amount of high-sulfur coal augmented persistently, which led to the increase of (Ca2++Mg2+)/HCO3-. The difference on charge between Ca2++Mg2+ and HCO3- was balanced by NO3-+SO42-. The control on pollution and acid rain, especially the pre-neutralization of acid waste water, would rejuvenate the atmospheric CO2 intake strength of carbonate weathering besides the protection of water and soil environment  相似文献   

基于现场热响应测试方法的地下岩土热物性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘春雷  王贵玲  王婉丽  蔺文静 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2014,44(5):1602-1608

目前获取导热系数的主要方法是现场热响应试验,但该方法缺乏统一的技术标准,导致计算结果可比较性差,难以应用。笔者开展了不同热响应试验设备的原位热物性测试系列试验,分析了测试与数据处理方法对测试结果的影响,探讨了试验过程中需要注意的问题。结果显示：为减少试验误差,两次热响应试验测试的时间间隔不应少于10 d;应尽量避免循环水与岩土介质以外的其他介质产生热量交换;对于恒热流热响应试验,导热系数值与舍弃时间（1.0~12.0 h）成正相关关系;而对于定进回循环水温差的热响应试验,导热系数值与舍弃时间（0.0~12.0 h）成负相关关系;舍弃时间大于12.0 h时,导热系数变化趋于稳定。按统一标准舍弃前12.0 h的测试数据进行导热系数计算,6家单位的导热系数计算值都在2.2～2.8 W/(m·℃)范围内,测试结果合理可靠。  相似文献   

Structural control of groundwater flow regimes and groundwater chemistry along the lower reaches of the Zerka River,West Jordan,using remote sensing,GIS, and field methods     

Taleb Odeh  Elias Salameh  Mario Schirmer  Gerhard Strauch 《Environmental Geology》2009,58(8):1797-1810

A hydrogeological study was completed within a sub-catchment of the Zerka River drainage basin, in western Jordan. The system is characterized by anticlinal bending with an axis trending SSW–NNE and plunging a few degrees in the SSW direction. The anticlinal structure diverts groundwater flow towards the SSW while the strike-slipe faults cause the groundwater to diverge where the fault is perpendicular to the groundwater flow lines, and to converge where the fault is parallel to the groundwater flow lines. A direct relationship was found between the location of springs and the type of groundwater flow with regard to the amount of discharge wherein large spring discharges are located in zones of converging groundwater flow lines. In areas where faults are not abundant, the groundwater retention time in the aquifers is long and a zonation of the electrical conductivity was detected due to mineral dissolution. By controlling groundwater flow, the anticlinal setting produces three genetic groups of groundwater flow systems: (1) alkaline–earth alkaline water which is predominately a bicarbonate-type composition, (2) alkaline–earth alkaline water which is predominately bicarbonate–sulfate, and (3) alkaline–earth alkaline water with a high alkaline component.  相似文献   

灌溉农田节水增产对地下水开采量影响研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

张光辉  费宇红  严明疆  刘中培  王金哲 《水科学进展》2009,20(3):350-355

据实际资料研究结果表明,近50年来滹沱河流域平原区粮食产量持续增加导致农业区地下水开采量不断增大,同时灌溉节水水平的不断提高有效地缓解了地下水开采量增加的速率。若按1953-1970年期间平均每公斤粮食生产耗用地下水开采量(3.11 m3/kg)推算,现状粮食生产规模下地下水开采量应为142.3亿m3/a,较实际开采量(24.4亿m3/a)多117.9亿m3/a,平均每5年递增11.74亿m3。以2001-2005年平均耗用地下水开采量(0.53 m3/kg)计算,粮食增产促使地下水开采量平均每5年递增2.45亿m3,平均每5年少递增9.45亿m3。因此,大力发展抗旱节水作物及高产节水技术,合理调控农业种植结构,对于缓解研究区地下水不断恶化态势具有实质性促进作用。  相似文献   

城市扩张下的北京平原区降雨入渗补给量变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱琳  刘畅  李小娟  郭高轩  潘云 《地球科学》2013,38(5):1065-1072

结合WetSpass模型与地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)、遥感(remote sense,RS)技术分析了城市扩张引起的土地利用类型变化对北京平原区降水入渗补给量的影响.在估算出1982年和2007年降水入渗补给量的基础上,将2007年土地利用类型还原成1982年的情景重新估算,利用转移矩阵分析两年土地利用类型的相互转化关系,同时,基于GIS空间数据统计功能,计算出不同土地利用类型下的地下水补给量.结果表明,1982年至2007年,研究区内水浇地减少874 km2,其中517 km2转变为城镇建设用地.相对于1982年,2007年城镇建设用地扩张了831 km2,区内降水入渗补给量减少约3 000万m3.研究成果可以为北京平原区的地下水资源保护及土地资源配置提供较为科学的参考.   相似文献   

On the emergence of heavy-tailed streamflow distributions     

《Advances in water resources》2015

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