Ion-acoustic solitons in pair-ion plasma with non-thermal electrons     

K. Jilani  Arshad M. Mirza  Tufail A. Khan 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2013,344(1):135-143

Properties of fully nonlinear ion-acoustic solitary waves in an unmagnetized and collisionless pair-ion (PI) plasma containing superthermal electrons obeying Cairns distribution have been analyzed. A linear biquadratic dispersion relation has been derived, which yields the fast (supersonic) and slow (subsonic) modes in a pair-ion-electron plasma with nonthermal electrons. For nonlinear analysis, Korteweg-de Vries equation is obtained using the reductive perturbation technique. It is found that in case of slow mode, both electrostatic hump and dip type structures are formed depending on the temperature difference between positively and negatively charged ions, whereas, only dip type solitary structures have been observed for fast mode. The present work may be employed to explore and to understand the formation of solitary structures in the space (especially, the Earth’s ionosphere where two distinct pair ion species (H ^±) are present) and laboratory produced pair-ion plasmas with nonthermal electrons.  相似文献   

Dust acoustic soliton and double layers with streaming dust and superthermal particles     

S. Ali Shan  A. Mushtaq 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2013,346(1):171-181

Dust acoustic waves are investigated in plasma system containing dynamic and streaming dust, supertherrmal electrons and ions. Linear and nonlinear studies are carried out and elaborated with the help of parameters taken for Saturn’s F-ring. An energy integral equation is obtained by using the Sagdeev potential approach, and results are displayed by solving it analytically and numerically. The dependence of nonlinear structures on κ values, the ratio of electron to dust equilibrium densities μ _ed , Mach number M, and dust streaming speed v _d0 have been presented. The streaming speed appears as a destructive partner for the Mach number M in the pseudoenergy equation and hence plays a dominant modifying role in the formation of nonlinear structures. It plays a destructive role for some of the solitons and works as a source, for the emergence of new solitons (region). Formation of double layers are also investigated and shown that the amplitude, width and existence of double layers structures are predominantly affected by the presence of superthermal electrons, ions, and streaming dust beam.  相似文献   

Amplification of fluctuations and current dynamo due to helical and chiral effects in geophysical and plasma-like media     

《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy》1999,24(6):529-532

Dynamo effect is considered in more general case than well known one when not only mean motion but also conducting components possess nonzero mean helicity. Dispersion equation for helical motions is studied, including inhomogeneous case. Criteria for development of instability are found. Interaction between large-scale internal wave and small-scale helical turbulence in plane Couette flow of fluid with statically stable uniform density gradient in gravitational field is studied basing on a set of equations for scalar and quasi-scalar wave fields and for helicity of turbulence. This system of equation describes acceleration of wave growth due to its backward action on turbulence, i.e. wave-turbulent instability. Chiral media are further considered and effects topologically close to helical ones are analyzed. It is shown that in such media ranges of scales exist, in which fluctuations of electric field can be anomalously amplified.  相似文献   

Specifications of the F-region variations for quiet and disturbed conditions     

《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part C: Solar, Terrestrial & Planetary Science》1999,24(4):321-327

An ionospheric definition of disturbed conditions permits us to distinguish between positive and negative disturbances. Their different behaviour with season, location and state of solar activity is pointed out and statistical specifications are given. Furthermore, limits of relative departures of daily f_oF2 from their corresponding monthly median values are given for quiet ionospheric conditions, as they are defined here.  相似文献   

Éditorial/editorial     

《Oceanologica Acta》1999,22(4):365-366

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Modeling physical properties of sandstone reservoirs by blending 2D image analysis data with 3D capillary pressure data     

《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy》1999,24(7):581-586

We show that the connectivity e.g., the association between 3D pores and throat sizes, of a set of samples from a North Sea (Alwyn) sandstone reservoir cannot be modeled by taking into account only morphological criteria. This result is obtained by combining 2D image analysis data, Pore Types, and 3D capillary pressure curves using an approach developed by Ehrlich et al. (1991a–b) and McCreesh et al. (1991). Our result suggests that the permeability, in this particular reservoir, does not arise solely from the morphology of the samples.  相似文献   

The transformation of γ Fe2O3 to α Fe2O3: thermal activation and the effect of elevated pressure     

《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1999,110(1-2):43-50

The transformation of acicular γ Fe₂O₃ particles to α Fe₂O₃ has been monitored using magnetic properties as a proxy for γ Fe₂O₃ concentration during the inversion process. The transformation is thermally activated, the height of the barrier opposing inversion being 3.7 eV at atmospheric pressure and 0.5 eV at a pressure of about 100 MPa. The barrier arises from the combination of a term representing the reduction in lattice energy in an inverted region, and the strain energy associated with the interface between the inverted and non-inverted phases. The sensitivity of the inversion process to pressure can be understood in terms of the dependence of these energy terms, and the energy barrier, on interatomic spacing. Extrapolation of these laboratory data to the conditions of the submarine crust at Site 504B of the Deep Sea Drilling Project is consistent with the inferred magnetic mineralogy of the recovered material.  相似文献   

Geophysical Investigation of Fresh‐Saline Water Interface: A Case Study from South Punjab,Pakistan          下载免费PDF全文

Muhammad Hasan  Yanjun Shang  Gulraiz Akhter  Majid Khan 《Ground water》2017,55(6):841-856

The importance of the study of fresh‐saline water incursion cannot be over‐emphasized. Borehole techniques have been widely used, but they are quite expensive, intrusive, and time consuming. The electrical resistivity method has proved very successful in groundwater assessment. This advanced technique uses the calculation of Dar‐Zarrouk (D‐Z) parameters, namely longitudinal unit conductance, transverse unit resistance, and longitudinal resistivity has been employed by using 50 vertical electrical sounding points to assess the groundwater and delineate the fresh‐saline water interface over 1045 km² area of Khanewal in Southern Punjab of Pakistan. The x‐y plots and maps of D‐Z parameters were produced to establish a decipherable vision for the occurrence and distribution of different water‐bearing formations of fresh‐saline water aquifers through a complicated situation of intermixing of different resistivity ranges for fresh‐saline water bodies. This technique is useful to reduce the ambiguity produced by the process of equivalence and suppression which cause intermixing in differentiating fresh, brackish, and saline aquifers during interpretation. The fresh‐saline water interface is correlated very well with the previous studies of water quality analysis carried out in Khanewal area. The results suggest that the D‐Z parameters are useful for demarcating different aquifer zones. The behavior and pattern of D‐Z parameters with respect to occurrence and distribution of different water‐bearing formations were effectively identified and delineated in the study area.  相似文献   

Spreading rate dependence of morphological characteristics in global oceanic transform faults     

Yiming Luo  Jian Lin  Fan Zhang  Meng Wei 《海洋学报(英文版)》2021,40(4):39-64

We quantified the systematic variations in global transform fault morphology, revealing a first-order dependence on the spreading rate.(1) The average age offset of both the full transform and transform sub-segments decrease with increasing spreading rate.(2) The average depth of both the transform valley and adjacent ridges are smaller in the fast compared to the slow systems, reflecting possibly density anomalies associated with warmer mantle at the fast systems and rifting at the slow ridges. However, the average depth difference between the transform valley and adjacent ridges is relatively constant from the fast to slow systems.(3) The nodal basin at a ridge-transform intersection is deeper and dominant at the ultraslow and slow systems, possibly reflecting a lower magma supply and stronger viscous resistance to mantle upwelling near a colder transform wall. In contrast, the nodal high, is most prominent in the fast, intermediate, and hotspot-influenced systems, where robust axial volcanic ridges extend toward the ridge-transform intersection.(4) Statistically, the average transform valley is wider at a transform system of larger age offset, reflecting thicker deforming plates flanking the transform fault.(5) The maximum magnitude of the transform earthquakes increases with age offset owing to an increase in the seismogenic area. Individual transform faults also exhibit significant anomalies owing to the complex local tectonic and magmatic processes.  相似文献   

Measurements in a turbulent patch in a rotating,linearly-stratified fluid     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》1997,26(1):27-51

A series of experiments is described in which a turbulent patch is generated locally by an oscillating grid positioned at one end and mid-depth of a rotating channel filled initially with a linearly-stratified fluid. Measurements have been made of vertical density profiles through the patch both during sustained oscillations and following cessation of grid forcing. Temporal variations in patch size and structure, Thorpe scales, mixedness parameter and available potential energy are deduced from these measurements, and the effects thereon of varying the background rotation rate, initial buoyancy frequency and grid action are investigated. For the growth phase of the patch, previous results obtained by other workers are confirmed and extended. Because the rapid turbulent motions implied a large Rossby number, rotation was not important during this phase. During the decay phase, rotational effects are shown to become important, and the presence of rotation is found to retard the decay of both the mixedness and the Thorpe scales of the density overturns within the patch. The work is novel in that measurements of the patch parameters listed above have not previously been carried out in the presence of rotation. The results are relevant to studies of such patches that have been observed in the ocean and atmosphere.  相似文献