The Phytolith and Pollen Record since 10 ka BP from the Lhasa Region, Tibet     

CHEN Lingkang  CHEN Haixi  WANG Baodi  WU Kaixing  YU Jianxin  GU Yansheng  RUAN Linsen  XIA Baoben  XIN Zhonglei 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(2):588-606

  相似文献   

Platinum-Group Element Geochemical Characteristics of the Picrites and High-Ti Basalts in the Binchuan Area,Yunnan Province     

BAI Mei  ZHONG Hong  ZHU Weiguang  BAI Zhongjie  HE Defeng 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(1):158-175

The Binchuan area of Yunnan is located in the western part of the Emeishan large igneous province in the western margin of the Yangtze Block.In the present study,the Wuguiqing profile in thickness of about 1440 m is mainly composed of high-Ti basalts,with minor picrites in the lower part and andesites,trachytes,and rhyolites in the upper part.The picrites have relatively higher platinum-group element（PGE） contents（ΣPGE=16.3-28.2 ppb）,with high Cu/Zr and Pd/Zr ratios,and low S contents（5.03-16.9 ppm）,indicating the parental magma is S-unsaturated and generated by high degree of partial melting of the Emeishan large igneous province（ELIP） mantle source.The slightly high Cu/Pd ratios（11 000-24 000） relative to that of the primitive mantle suggest that 0.007%sulfides have been retained in the mantle source.The PGE contents of the high-Ti basalts exhibit a wider range（ΣPGE=0.517-30.8 ppb）.The samples in the middle and upper parts are depleted in PGE and haveε_Nd（260 Ma） ratios ranging from -2.8 to -2.2,suggesting that crustal contamination of the parental magma during ascent triggered sulfur saturation and segregation of about 0.446%-0.554% sulfides,and the sulfide segregation process may also provide the ore-forming material for the magmatic Cu-Ni-PGE sulfide deposits close to the studied basalts.The samples in this area show Pt-Pd type primitive mantle-normalized PGE patterns,and the Pd/Ir ratios are higher than that of the primitive mantle（Pd/Ir=1）,indicating that the obvious differentiation between Ir-group platinum-group elements（IPGE） and Pd-group platinum-group elements（PPGE） are mainly controlled by olivine or chromites fractionation during magma evolution.The Pd/Pt ratios of most samples are higher than the average ratio of mantle（Pd/Pt=0.55）,showing that the differentiation happened between Pt and Pd.The differentiation in picrites may be relevant to Pt hosted in discrete refractory Pt-alloy phase in the mantle;whereas the differentiation in the high-Ti basalts is probably associated with the fractionation of Fe-Pt alloys,coprecipitating with Ir-Ru-Os alloys.Some high-Ti basalt samples exhibit negative Ru anomalies,possibly due to removal of laurite collected by the early crystallized chromites.  相似文献   

Incremental growth and origin of the Cretaceous Renjiayingzi pluton,southern Inner Mongolia,China: Evidence from structure,geochemistry and geochronology     

《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2013

The Renjiayingzi intermediate-acid pluton is located along a pre-existing ENE–WSW-trending dextral shear zone that forms part of the Xar Moron suture zone that marks the final closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. The pluton is composed of three small intrusions, which from northwest to southeast, are named the Shuangjianshan (SI), the Qianweiliansu (QI) and the Xingshuwabeishan (XI) intrusions. LA-ICPMS zircon U–Pb dating of a pyroxene diorite from the SI yields an age of 138 ± 1 Ma; the SHRIMP zircon U–Pb age of a tonalite from the QI records an age of 134 ± 2 Ma, whereas LA-ICPMS zircon U–Pb dating of a monzogranite from the XI has an age of 126 ± 1 Ma, suggesting the entire pluton was built up by three separate emplacement events that young to the ESE: this is further supported by the contact relations. Incremental growth of plutons by amalgamation of repeated small magma pulses is the most viable emplacement model. The pluton was probably emplaced by updoming of the roof along previous tensile fractures and by upward stacking of the three intrusions. The SI and QI have similar U–Pb ages and geochemical characteristics, and most likely had the same magma source and underwent similar petrogenetic processes. They have high MgO concentrations at low silica contents, are enriched in large ion lithophile elements, depleted in high field strength elements, have negative ε_Nd(t) values of −1.8 to −3.7, with Nd model ages of 1.07–1.19 Ga. Pyroxene diorites of the SI also have variable zircon ε_Hf(t) values (from −0.8 to +6.1), indicating that they were mainly derived from juvenile crust with minor crustal contamination and clinopyroxene-dominated fractional crystallization. The late monzogranites from the XI show weak negative ε_Nd(t) values of −2.3 to −2.5, young Nd model ages of 0.99–1.00 Ga, positive zircon ε_Hf(t) values (+1.3 to +4.6) and higher SiO₂ and K₂O contents, with strong depletion in Eu, P and Ti, indicating derivation from a distinct petrogenetic process from the two earlier intrusions. The monzogranites were the result of partial melting of juvenile crust in response to mantle-derived magma underplating, together with plagioclase-dominated fractional crystallization.  相似文献   

云南省大红山铁铜矿床含矿变质岩系原岩恢复及其形成环境     

叶紫枫  杨光树  覃龙江  陈爱兵  王凯  周艳  毛致博  戴智慧 《岩石矿物学杂志》2021,40(2):429-451

大红山铁铜矿床产于下元古界大红山群变质火山-沉积岩建造中,目前对于含矿变质岩系的成因和原岩构造环境还存在较大争议,制约了对区内成矿过程和规律的认识。为查明赋矿围岩的原岩类型及其成岩环境,本文系统研究了主要含矿变质岩系（变钠质火山岩、云母片岩及大理岩等）和辉长辉绿岩体（脉）的主量、微量及稀土元素组成,在此基础上探讨了其成岩构造环境。分析结果显示,含矿岩系具有贫钾、低钛、富钠的特征;变钠质火山岩明显亏损Ba、Sr、Ti,轻微亏损Zr、Hf、Nb,相对富集Th、Nd、Sm、La等,稀土元素含量总体较低,相对富集轻稀土元素（LREE/HREE=1.84~9.43）,具较显著的Eu正异常（δEu=0.91~3.59,平均值为1.62）和不明显的Ce异常,与现代洋中脊、陆内裂谷等构造背景下的喷流沉积或高温海底火山作用产物的特征相似。综合研究认为,云母片岩原岩为钙质泥岩,变钠质熔岩和变钠质凝灰岩原岩为半深海环境喷发的富钠火山岩,且受到了后期热液叠加作用的影响。变钠质火山岩、辉长辉绿岩等具有非造山的大陆裂谷玄武岩特征,可与区域上同期岩浆岩对比,表明它们均为同一大陆裂谷环境下岩浆活动的产物,可能代表了Columbia超大陆的裂解过程在扬子板块西缘的响应,大陆裂解为幔源岩浆的运移提供了通道,进而为康滇铁铜多金属成矿带的形成提供了良好的物质基础。  相似文献   

Equilibrium mercury and lead isotope fractionation caused by nuclear volume effects in crystals     

Yang  Sha  Liu  Yun 《中国地球化学学报》2021,40(2):150-162

Acta Geochimica - To investigate equilibrium mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) isotope fractionation caused by the nuclear volume effect (NVE) in crystals, the electron densities at nuclei (i.e.,...  相似文献   

湖南包金山矿区白钨矿的地球化学特征及Sm-Nd同位素年代学     

彭建堂  王川  李玉坤  胡阿香  鲁玉龙  陈宪佳 《岩石学报》2021,37(3):665-682

包金山金钨矿床位于湘中白马山-龙山-紫云山金矿带的东段,是近年新发现的一个赋存于前寒武纪浅变质岩中的金矿床。在野外调研和室内镜下研究的基础上,本文利用XRD、EMPA、ICP-MS、ID-MS等多种分析手段,对其进行了元素地球化学和同位素地球化学研究,进而揭示了该区金矿床的形成时代和矿床成因。研究表明,该区白钨矿的化学成分较均一,其WO_3含量大体与理论值一致,但Ca O含量稍低于其理论值,这可能与Sr、REE、Na等微量元素对白钨矿晶格中Ca的类质同象置换有关。除Sr、REE、As以外,该区白钨矿中的微量元素,特别是Mo、Bi、Sn、Be、Nb、Ta等均低于1×10~(-6),明显有别于华南与燕山期花岗岩有关钨矿床中的白钨矿。该区白钨矿的稀土元素含量为484.5×10~(-6)~972.9×10~(-6)(平均721.3×10~(-6)),显著高于湘西、湘中一带其它矿床中的白钨矿;其稀土元素配分模式均表现出向上拱曲的富MREE特征。该区白钨矿的~(147)Sm/~(144)Nd比值为0.2079~0.4070,~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd为0.512126~0.512398,在Sm-Nd同位素图解中构成了一条很好的等时线,其对应的等时线年龄为207.8±1.5Ma(MSWD=1.03),表明该矿形成于晚三叠世。该区白钨矿的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值较高(0.73164~0.73974),大体与渣滓溪矿区的白钨矿一致,高于廖家坪和龙山矿区的白钨矿,但明显低于沃溪和西安矿区的白钨矿,这暗示湘中、湘西一带不同时代形成的金钨矿床,其成矿物质来源和成矿机制可能存在差异。Sr-Nd同位素联合示踪显示,包金山矿区白钨矿的Sr-Nd同位素组成,明显不同于新元古界板溪群和紫云山岩体的主体,而是与紫云山补体花岗岩较吻合,暗示该区金钨成矿可能与紫云山晚期岩浆活动有关。结合区域年代学资料,可进一步推断出,晚三叠世金、钨成矿作用在湘中地区广泛存在,这些成矿作用均与印支期花岗质岩浆活动有关。湘中一带前寒武纪浅变质岩中的金矿床,在成因上是属与还原性侵入岩有关的金矿类型(IRGS型)。  相似文献   

湘中白马山复式岩体成因及其成矿效应     

王川  彭建堂  徐接标  阳杰华  胡阿香  陈宪佳 《岩石学报》2021,37(3):805-829

白马山复式岩体位于湘西雪峰山弧形构造隆起带与湘中白马山-龙山-紫云山EW向构造带的交汇处,由水车、龙潭、小沙江和龙藏湾超单元花岗岩组成。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素定年显示,水车、龙潭、小沙江、龙藏湾超单元花岗岩的侵位年龄分别为424.9±2.2Ma、228.2±1.3Ma、225.3±1.1Ma和215.0±1.2Ma。水车超单元形成于加里东期,其余3个超单元花岗岩均形成于印支晚期,首次系统搭建了白马山复式岩体的年代学格架。印支期龙潭和小沙江超单元花岗岩具有低硅、低碱、准铝质-弱过铝质的特点,显示较强的Rb、Th、U、Pb正异常和Nb、Sr、P、Ti负异常,具有较弱的负Eu异常(δEu为0.55~1.07);富集Sr同位素[(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)i=0.719027~0.721297]、亏损Nd同位素[ε_Nd(t)=-10.5~-9.4]和锆石Hf同位素[ε_Hf(t)=-7.7~-4.1],具有古老的Nd同位素(1.76~1.85Ga)和Hf同位素(1.42~1.83Ga)二阶段模式年龄。相反,龙藏湾超单元花岗岩具有高硅、高碱、强过铝质的特点,显示较强的Rb、Th、U、Ta、Pb正异常和Ba、Nb、Sr、Ti负异常,显示强的负Eu异常(δEu=0.28~0.51)和高(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)i值(0.741441~0.748761),具有负的ε_Nd(t)值(-11.3~-10.7)和ε_Hf(t)值(-11.5~-3.5),Nd同位素(1.87~1.91Ga)和Hf同位素(1.47~1.97Ga)二阶段模式年龄更老。结合元素和同位素地球化学特征,可推断出龙潭和小沙江超单元花岗岩是华南古老地壳基底中基性变质火成岩混有变质沉积岩发生部分熔融形成的I型或者I-S过渡性质的花岗质岩石,而龙藏湾超单元花岗岩则由华南成熟度更高的古老地壳基底富粘土变沉积岩发生部分熔融形成的S型花岗岩。白马山复式岩体中印支期超单元花岗岩很可能是华南板块受印支板块碰撞挤压后地壳发生伸展减薄,由加厚的地壳发生部分熔融形成的。这些印支期花岗岩与其周缘的金、钨矿床在时、空上具有密切联系,可能具有良好的成矿潜力;湘中地区印支期花岗岩的成岩、成矿作用在强度和广度上可能远高于过去的传统认识。  相似文献   

Ga isotopic fractionation in sulfides from the Yuhuang and Duanqiao hydrothermal fields on the Southwest Indian Ridge     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2021,12(4)

This study examines the Ga isotopic compositions of sulfides in the Yuhuang and Duanqiao hydrothermal fields on the Southwest Indian Ridge,mid-ocean ridge basalts(MORB),and calcareous sediments around the hydrothermal fields.The δ~(71/69)Ga_(NIST-994) values of the MORB samples vary little(+1.20‰ to +1.23‰,with an average of +1.22‰) and are consistent with the δ~(71/69)Ga_(NIST-994) values of two standard basalt samples(BCR-2 and BHVO-2),indicating that Ga isotopes may either not fractionate or fractionate only slightly under high-temperature geological processes;therefore,the δ~(71/69)Ga_(NIST-994) value of oceanic crust may be +1.22‰.The sediments(+1.28‰to +1.47‰,with an average of +1.38‰) are rich in heavier Ga isotopes than the basalts,and the Ga present in the sediments may have originated from soluble Ga present in the seawater that was adsorbed by(Mn,Fe) oxides/hydroxides.The Ga contribution of basaltic debris to the sediments was almost negligible.Thus,we speculate that the δ~(71/69)Ga_(NIST-994) value of seawater in the study area fell within a range from +1.92‰ to +2.36‰.The δ~(71/69)Ga_(NIST-994) values of the sulfides in the Yuhuang hydrothermal field range from +0.99‰ to +1.57‰,with an average of +1.25‰,and the δ~(71/69)Ga_(NIST-994) values of the sulfides in the Duanqiao hydrothermal field range from+0.93‰ to +1.55‰,with an average of +1.19‰.The δ~(71/69)Ga_(NIST-994) ranges of the sulfides in the Yuhuang and Duanqiao hydrothermal fields are similar,with the Ga isotopic fractionation reaching 0.58‰ and 0.62‰,respectively.The average δ~(71/69)Ga_(NIST-994) values in the sulfides are close to those in the MORBs.This suggests that Ga within the sulfides in the Yuhuang and Duanqiao hydrothermal fields mainly originated from MORBs,with seawater and sediments making only small contributions.The Ga isotopic fractionation in the sulfides may be related to processes associated with the formation of sulfides,such as rapid precipitation or the admixture of different stages of sulfide.This study is of great significance for understanding the global distribution of Ga isotopes and the Ga cycle in submarine hydrothermal systems.  相似文献   

Cadmium isotopic constraints on metal sources in the Huize Zn-Pb deposit,SW China     

Chuanwei Zhu  Hanjie Wen  Yuxu Zhang  Zhilong Huang  Christophe Cloquet  Béatrice Luais  Tao Yang 《地学前缘(英文版)》2021,12(6):162-170

The Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou(SYG)Zn-Pb metallogenic zone in SW China contains＞400 carbonate-hosted hydrothermal Zn-Pb deposits.Some of these,such as the Huize,Tianbaoshan,and Daliangzi deposits,are super-large deposits with significant reserves of Cd,Ge,and Ag.However,the sources of these metals remain controversial.This study investigated the Cd isotopic geochemistry of the Huize deposit,the largest Zn-Pb deposit in the SYG area.Sphalerites formed at three stages in the deposit have different colors:black or dark brown(Stage Ⅰ),red(Stage Ⅱ),and light-yellow(Stage Ⅲ).The δ114/110Cd values of the sphalerites are in the order Stage Ⅲ＜Stage Ⅰ＜Stage Ⅱ.Kinetic isotopic fractionation is likely the key factor causing the lower δ114/110Cd values in the early formed Stage Ⅰ sphalerites than in later-formed Stage Ⅱ sphalerites,with cooling of ore-forming fluids being responsible for the still lower values of the Stage Ⅲ sphalerites.In galena,the δ114/110Cd values are inversely correlated with Cd contents and tend to be higher in high-Zn galena.We speculate that Cd isotopic fractionation was significant during the precipitation of sphalerite and galena,with light Cd isotopes being enriched in galena rather than sphalerite.Comparison of the Cd isotopic signatures and Zn/Cd ratios of different endmembers suggests that the δ114/110Cd values and Zn/Cd ratios of sphalerite from the Huize deposit,as well as other large-scale deposits from the SYG area,are lie in those range of Emeishan basalts and sedimentary rocks and the mean δ114/110Cd values of these deposits show good negative correlation with 1/Cd,suggesting that the ore-forming materials of these deposits were derived from the mixing of Emeishan basalts and sed-imentary rocks.This study demonstrates that Cd isotopes can be useful proxies in elucidating ore genesis in large Zn-Pb deposits.  相似文献   

贵州务-正-道地区铝土矿成矿模式与找矿模型     

金中国  邹林  张力  郑明泓  韩英  谷静  谢樨  陈兴龙  王洪 《沉积学报》2018,36(5):914-926

务-正-道铝土矿成矿区位于黔北-渝南接壤地带,现已发现大型铝土矿床10余个,探明资源储量超7亿吨,是贵州重要的铝矿资源地。铝土矿产于下志留统韩家店组碎屑岩或上石炭统黄龙组碳酸盐岩古侵蚀面之上的下二叠统大竹园组中,属古风化沉积型铝土矿床。基于前人成矿物质来源、成矿环境、成矿作用及矿床成因类型的研究成果,进一步探讨了区域构造演化与铝土矿形成的关系,结合典型矿床成矿地质特征,揭示了研究区铝土矿成矿的地质-地球化学演化过程。依据1∶10万~1∶1万遥感影像特征的提取,总结了含矿岩系及相邻层位、主要构造的识别标志,论述了铁化、泥化异常与含矿岩系的空间展布关系,刻画出大比例尺度的遥感三维立体影像模型。通过多个铝土矿区浅层地震反射波法、高密度电阻率法、频率域三极测深法、音频大地电磁测深法、大功率激电测深法等物探方法的应用和对比研究,反演出“高、厚、凹、拐”物探异常找矿标志,建立了典型铝土矿床三维地质-地球物理找矿预测模型。在上述基础上,集成了铝土矿勘查技术方法体系,建立了地质、物探、化探、遥感综合找矿模型,示范指导找矿预测,经工程验证,取得显著的找矿效果,表明建立的找矿模型在该研究区探寻铝土矿适宜、有效。  相似文献