The first near real-time inverted echo sounder observation in the South China Sea     

Ruixiang Zhao  Xiaohua Zhu  Chuanzheng Zhang  Hua Zheng 《海洋学报(英文版)》2021,40(6):129-130

正We report the first near real-time inverted echo sounder (IES) observation in the South China Sea (Fig.1).Although the first IES observation in the South China Sea was in 2005,and the near real-time IES observation module was first developed in 2012(http://www.po.gso.uri.edu/dynamics/IES/hist.html),the real-time IES has never been deployed in the South China Sea until the reporting of observations in this study.IES is a bottom-mounted mooring that records the round-trip acoustic travel time from the bottom to the surface and back (τ),  相似文献   

An assessment of Arctic cloud water paths in atmospheric reanalyses     

Mingyi Gu  Zhaomin Wang  Jianfen Wei  Xiaoyong Yu 《海洋学报(英文版)》2021,40(3):46-57

The role of Arctic clouds in the recent rapid Arctic warming has attracted much attention. However, Arctic cloud water paths(CWPs) from reanalysis datasets have not been well evaluated. This study evaluated the CWPs as well as LWPs(cloud liquid water paths) and IWPs(cloud ice water paths) from five reanalysis datasets(MERRA-2,MERRA, ERA-Interim, JRA-55, and ERA5) against the COSP(Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project Observations Simulator Package) output for MODIS from the MERRA-2 CSP(COSP satellite simulator) collection(defined as M2 Modis in short). Averaged over 1980–2015 and over the Arctic region(north of 60°N), the mean CWPs of these five datasets range from 49.5 g/m~2(MERRA) to 82.7 g/m~2(ERA-Interim), much smaller than that from M2 Modis(140.0 g/m~2). However, the spatial distributions of CWPs, show similar patterns among these reanalyses, with relatively small values over Greenland and large values over the North Atlantic. Consistent with M2 Modis, these reanalyses show larger LWPs than IWPs, except for ERA-Interim. However, MERRA-2 and MERRA underestimate the ratio of IWPs to CWPs over the entire Arctic, while ERA-Interim and JRA-55 overestimate this ratio. ERA5 shows the best performance in terms of the ratio of IWPs to CWPs. All datasets exhibit larger CWPs and LWPs in summer than in winter. For M2 Modis, IWPs hold seasonal variation similar with LWPs over the land but opposite over the ocean. Following the Arctic warming, the trends in LWPs and IWPs during 1980～2015 show that LWPs increase and IWPs decrease across all datasets, although not statistically significant. Correlation analysis suggests that all datasets have similar interannual variability. The study further found that the inclusion of re-evaporation processes increases the humidity in the atmosphere over the land and that a more realistic liquid/ice phase can be obtained by independently treating the liquid and ice water contents.  相似文献   

Ophiuroid fauna of cobalt-rich crust seamounts in the Northwest Pacific Ocean     

Wanying Chen  Jieying Na  Chengcheng Shen  Ruiyan Zhang  Bo Lu  Hong Cheng  Chunsheng Wang  Dongsheng Zhang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2021,40(12):55-78

Seamounts are vulnerable ecosystems in the deep sea and can be heavily impacted by human activities, such as bottom fishing and deep-sea mining. The species composition and distribution patterns of benthic fauna is key information for the designation of marine protected areas and environmental management plans. Three contracts for cobalt-rich crust exploration have been granted to China, Japan and Korea in the Northwest Pacific Ocean by the International Seabed Authority. However, our knowledge of benthic biodiversity in this area is extremely insufficient. During 2013–2020, eight Chinese Ocean Mineral Resources R&D Association (COMRA) cruises were conducted to investigate the benthic assemblages of nine seamounts in this region. In this study, 191 ophiuroids collected from seamounts in the Northwest Pacific were identified into 29 species in 11 families. Ophiacanthidae and Euryalidae were the two most dominant families with 12 and 6 species, respectively. Ophiotomidae and Ophiopyrgidae were represented by two species each, while seven families were represented by only one species. Four species were widely distributed among 4–5 seamounts, and 17 species were found only at a single site. An integrated regional taxonomic dataset of Ophiuroidea was generated and analyzed. A total of 23 and 14 species were obtained from the Magellan Seamount Chain (MSC) and the Marcus-Wake seamounts (MWS), respectively, with 8 species shared between the two seamount groups. The individual-based rarefaction curves did not reach an asymptote, suggesting that the sampling effort was inadequate for either the entire region or each single seamount. Most species distributed in a narrow depth range, and the species composition was different between water depths above and below 2000 m. Our results greatly improve the understanding of megafaunal biodiversity from seamounts in the Northwest Pacific Ocean, and highlight the necessity of further surveys to provide more robust information for environmental protection and management in this region.  相似文献   

Landsat 8全色影像阴影的扁平冰山出水高度提取     

关真富  程晓  刘岩  璩榆桐  李腾 《遥感学报》2022,26(7):1450-1458

冰山出水高度是测量冰山厚度进而估算冰山体积的一个重要几何参数,是定量评估冰山对海洋的淡水输入量的基础。冬季冰山在海冰上成影且阴影较长,本文提出利用阴影测高模型高精度测量冰山出水高度的方法。试验选择2016年8月29日、9月7日和9月16日中心太阳高度角分别为5.43°、7.49°和11.01°的3期Landsat 8全色15 m影像,以独立扁平冰山为例,自动提取冰山在海冰上的阴影长度计算冰山出水高度,并利用不同时相同名成影点进行交叉验证评估测量精度。结果显示：阴影长度测量误差优于1个像元,在太阳高度角低于11.01°时,全色15 m影像提取的冰山出水高度均方根误差（RMSE）低于2.0 m,平均绝对误差（MAE）低于1.5 m。由此表明：在冬季低太阳高度角下,Landsat 8全色15 m影像可用于高精度测量冰山出水高度,具有大范围测量南极冰山出水高度的潜力。  相似文献   

Validation of ship manoeuvring models using metamodels     

《Applied Ocean Research》2017

This paper describes how simplified auxiliary models—metamodels—can be used to create benchmarks for validating ship manoeuvring simulation models. A metamodel represents ship performance for a limited range of parameters, such as rudder angles and surge velocity. In contrast to traditional system identification methods, metamodels are identified from multiple trial recordings, each containing data on the ship’s inherent dynamics (similar for all trials) and random disturbances such as environmental effects and slightly different loading conditions. Thus, metamodels can be used to obtain these essential data, where simple averaging is not possible. In addition, metamodels are used to represent a ship’s behaviour and not to obtain physical insights into ship dynamics. The experimental trials used for the identification of metamodels can be found in in-service recorded data. After the metamodel is identified, it is used to simulate trials without substantial deviations from the ship state parameters used for the identification. Subsequently, the predictions of the metamodels are compared with the predictions of a tested manoeuvring simulation model. We present two case studies to demonstrate the application of metamodels for moderate turning motions of two ships.  相似文献   

Structural-stratigraphic control on the Umitaka Spur gas hydrates of Joetsu Basin in the eastern margin of Japan Sea     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2012,29(10):1967-1978

Integrated geological, geochemical, and geophysical exploration since 2004 has identified massive accumulation of gas hydrate associated with active methane seeps on the Umitaka Spur, located in the Joetsu Basin on the eastern margin of Japan Sea. Umitaka Spur is an asymmetric anticline formed along an incipient subduction zone that extends throughout the western side of the Japanese island-arc system. Seismic surveys recognized chimney structures that seem strongly controlled by a complex anticlinal axial fault system, and exhibit high seismic amplitudes with apparent pull-up structures, probably due to massive and dense accumulation of gas hydrate. Bottom simulating reflectors are widely developed, in particular within gas chimneys and in the gently dipping eastern flank of the anticline, where debris can store gas hydrates that may represent a potential natural gas resource. The axial fault system, the shape of the anticline, and the carrier beds induce thermogenic gas migration to the top of the structure, and supply gas to the gas hydrate stability zone. Gas reaching the seafloor produces strong seepages and giant plumes in the sea water column.  相似文献   

基于在线学习与误差修正的珠江河口区盐度预报     

周凡涵  刘丙军 《水文》2022,42(1):59-66

受潮汐、径流、风速风向、地形变化等多种海陆要素交互作用,河口区盐水入侵呈高度不确定性与非线性特征,盐度预报难度较大.利用在线学习算法与误差自回归修正方法在水文预报中时效性更强的优点,构建一种耦合在线序列极限学习机-误差修正(OSELM-EC)盐水入侵预报模型,选取珠江河口区磨刀门水道为典型研究区进行逐日盐度预报.结果表...  相似文献   

一个理想河口中拦门沙的存在对河口羽流扩展的影响     

吴文森  张昊丹  刘嘉欢  龚文平 《海洋与湖沼》2024,55(1):37-50

河口羽流是河口冲淡水在陆架中扩展的主要形式, 其扩展受到诸多动力与地形因素的影响, 口门拦门沙就是其中之一。以一个理想化的河口为例, 采用区域海洋模型(regional ocean modelling system, ROMS), 研究口门拦门沙对河口羽流扩展的影响, 具体包括拦门沙对羽流的出流状态、扩展范围以及远场区沿岸流淡水输运的影响。研究结果表明, 拦门沙增加了口门处的水体分层, 减小了羽流出流速度, 增大了羽流凸出体的半径, 减小了远场区沿岸流宽度, 并进而减少了沿岸流中的淡水输送。本项研究对地形因素对河口羽流的扩展研究以及陆源物质的向海输运等均具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Interdecadal Change in the Interannual Variation of the Western Edge of theWestern North Pacific Subtropical High During Early Summer and the Influenceof Tropical Sea Surface Temperature     

詹鸿宇  陈锐丹  蓝铭 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2022,28(1):57-70

This study reveals that the interannual variability of the western edge of the western North Pacific (WNP) subtropical high (WNPSH) in early summer experienced an interdecadal decrease around 1990. Correspondingly, the zonal movement of the WNPSH and the zonal extension of the high-pressure anomaly over the WNP (WNPHA) in abnormal years possess smaller ranges after 1990. The different influences of the tropical SSTAs are important for this interdecadal change, which exhibit slow El Ni?o decaying pattern before 1990 while rapid transformation from El Ni?o to La Ni?a after 1990. The early summer tropical SSTAs and the relevant atmospheric circulation anomalies present obvious interdecadal differences. Before 1990, the warm SSTAs over the northern Indian Ocean and southern South China Sea favor the WNPHA through eastward-propagating Kelvin wave and meridional-vertical circulation, respectively. Meanwhile, the warm SSTA over the tropical central Pacific induces anomalous ascent to its northwest through the Gill response, which could strengthen the anomalous descent over the WNP through meridional-vertical circulation and further favor the eastward extension of the WNPHA to central Pacific. After 1990, the warm SSTAs over the Maritime Continent and northern Indian Ocean cause the WNPHA through meridional-vertical and zonal-vertical circulation, respectively. Overall, the anomalous warm SSTs and ascent and the resultant anomalous descent over the WNP are located more westward and southward after 1990 than before 1990. Consequently, the WNPHA features narrower zonal range and less eastward extension after 1990, corresponding to the interdecadal decease in the interannual variability of the western edge of the WNPSH. On the other hand, the dominant oscillation period of ENSO experienced an interdecadal reduction around 1990, contributing to the change of the El Ni?o SSTA associated with the anomalous WNPSH from slow decaying type to rapid transformation type.  相似文献   

基于S波段双极化雷达的变分法的定量降水估计算法     

刘陈帅  张阿思  陈生 《热带气象学报》2022,38(3):422-432

基于比差分传播相移(K_DP)的降水估计算法R(K_DP)相较于传统基于水平反射率因子(Z_H)的算法R(Z_H)的表现更优。在雷达实际运行中,由于随机误差和后向散射相位(backscattering phase)的影响,可能出现负的K_DP。运用一种基于变分的雷达定量降水估计混合算法(V-RQPE)。该算法用变分拟合方法重构差分相位(Φ_DP),用一种新的稳健的边界条件求解方法,在消除随机误差的同时获得非负的K_DP,进而进行降水估计。随后我们使用2017年5月7日广州S波段雷达的回波数据和地面雨量站观测数据进行验证,同时使用了六种不同的算法进行对比,结果显示,在1小时累计降水估计中,V-RQPE表现最好,在24小时累计降水估计中,V-RQPE和基于变分拟合的K_DP的降水估计算法(R-VKDP)表现最好,实验结果表明变分拟合方法对雷达降水估计能力有显著提升。   相似文献