赤点石斑鱼(Epinephelus akaara)精子超微结构及环境因子对精子活力的影响     

朱雅婷  张明清  吴妤莘  赵会宏  张海发  舒琥 《海洋与湖沼》2022,53(6):1523-1530

为揭示赤点石斑鱼精子的超微结构及环境因子对其精子活力的影响,利用扫描电镜和透射电镜观察赤点石斑鱼精子的超微结构,设置不同梯度的温度、盐度、pH值及不同浓度的NaCl、KCl、CaCl₂、MgCl₂、EDTANa₂溶液,探究这些因子对赤点石斑鱼精子活力的影响。结果表明:赤点石斑鱼成熟精子的结构特点是细胞核圆形或卵圆形,核内染色质致密,没有核泡(核空隙)。精子尾部细长,横切面为典型的"9+2"微管结构。温度、盐度、pH值等环境因子对精子活力的影响表明,精子活力的适宜温度范围为23~31℃,27.5℃时精子寿命最长为37min;适宜的盐度范围为15~35,盐度15时精子寿命最长为50min;适宜的pH范围为7~9,pH为9时精子的运动时间最长为33min。赤点石斑鱼精子在EDTANa₂溶液中呈抑制状态,在400~700 mmol/L的NaCl溶液、400~600mmol/L的KCl溶液和500 mmol/L的CaCl₂溶液中精子均具有较好的活动能力。在MgCl₂溶液中赤点石斑鱼精子的活动能力不佳。赤点石斑鱼精子的最适温度范围与繁殖季节的最适水温范围符合,适宜盐度范围较广,对pH值的变化适应性较强。赤点石斑鱼精子在NaCl、KCl、CaCl₂溶液中活力较佳,在MgCl₂溶液和EDTANa₂溶液中呈抑制状态。  相似文献   

东太平洋柱状沉积物的古气候和古环境记录   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

叶瑛  王汝建  屠霄霞  杨帅杰  柳志卿 《海洋学报》2005,27(3):170-175

太平洋深海盆地的远洋沉积物在物质组成和来源上远较大陆边缘简单.由于远离大陆,又有海沟与周边大陆分隔,太平洋深海沉积物中通常不包含由河流水系搬运而来的悬浮物,因此从深海沉积物中提取古气候、古环境信息可以避免诸多地质因素相互叠加和干扰[1].深海远洋沉积物中的主要组分是风成陆源碎屑(包括火山碎屑)和来自上层海水的生源组分(降落到洋底的生物壳体)以及由海解作用形成的自生矿物[2],其中陆源碎屑的相对含量、粒度及矿物成分可以反映大气环流的强度及物源区的气候环境[1],生源组分的组成、相对含量和丰度以及种属含量变化则与表层海水的生产力和溶解作用有关.  相似文献   

Effects of humus on the environmental activity of mineral-bound Hg: Influence on Hg volatility     

《Applied Geochemistry》2006,21(3):446-454

The effects of three humus fractions (fulvic acid, brown humic acid and grey humic acid) on the volatility of five types of mineral-bound Hg were investigated. Fulvic acid was found to strongly promote the volatilization of Hg bound by Fe₂O₃, MnO₂ and kaolinite, but suppressed the volatilization of Hg bound by bentonite and CaCO₃. Brown humic acid was found to enhance the volatilization of Hg bound from all the tested minerals, except for Fe₂O₃. Grey humic acid had the weakest effect in promoting or suppressing Hg volatilization. The influence of the various humus fractions on the volatilization of mineral-bound Hg is closely related to the complexing capacity and complex stability of the particular humus material. The higher the complexing capacity and the lower the complex stability, the more prominent is the humus material in promoting Hg volatility. The Hg sorption capacity and sorption strength of the minerals, as well as their Hg speciation characteristics, limit the effect that humus has to volatilize Hg.  相似文献   

灾害生态学——生态学的一个重要发展方向   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

章家恩 《地球科学进展》2002,17(3):452-456

对灾害生态学有关的基本概念与主要研究内容进行了探讨。认为灾害实际上是一种异常的生态学现象与过程，因此需要从生态学的角度加以研究，特别是要对灾害系统的发生成因、类型、时空分布、发展、危害、预测、控制和灾后恢复等的全过程生态学现象和规律以及相关技术进行研究。同时指出，当今，应围绕重大的全球性环境灾害问题，对其发生与发展的生态学机制与生态学后果，以及减轻、防范这些灾害的关键技术开展研究。  相似文献   

改性碳酸氢铵的结构特征及其肥效增效机理研究     

吴平霄  廖宗文 《矿物岩石》2003,23(2):113-116

利用有机-无机(矿物)控释材料对碳酸氢铵进行改性，制成改性碳酸氢铵。盆栽试验结果显示，在等重条件下，改性碳酸氢铵较普通碳酸氢铵有较大幅度的增产。运用X射线衍射分析及红外光谱对改性碳酸氢铵的结构进行研究，发现其晶体结构发生较大的变化，差热分析结果也表明，改性碳酸氢铵的热分解温度比普通碳酸氢铵提高30℃。这种晶体结构的变化增加了改性碳酸氢氨的稳定性，从而延长了其肥效并提高了N的利用率。  相似文献   

基于COⅠ基因序列的长腹剑水蚤系统进化关系     

王兴霞  徐磊  王亮根  陈骁  郑媛媛  王雪辉  杜飞雁 《海洋学报》2018,40(6):92-103

长腹剑水蚤属（Oithona）是广泛分布于海洋近岸和外海海域的中小型桡足类中最为丰富的类群之一，由于个体小且形态差异微小，通过传统的形态学分类法对其进行准确鉴定难度较大。本文对南海分布的长腹剑水蚤属内的5个种，即瘦长腹剑水蚤（O.tenuis）、羽长腹剑水蚤（O.plumifera）、刺长腹剑水蚤（O.setigera）、伪长腹剑水蚤（O.fallax）和长刺长腹剑水蚤（O.longispina）线粒体COⅠ基因序列以及DNA数据库中长腹剑水蚤属其他地区种类COⅠ基因序列进行比较分析，使用ABGD （Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery）和GMYC （Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent）模型进行物种界定，分析种间种内遗传距离，并构建系统进化关系。结果显示ABGD和GMYC模型均可以很好地对长腹剑水蚤进行种类划分；种内遗传距离为0.0%~1.6%，种间遗传距离为17.7%~44.5%（Kimura 2-parameter双参数模型），表明种间出现较高的分化；贝叶斯系统树和最大似然树进化树结果均表明，简长腹剑水蚤（O.simplex）与其他种类相距较远，羽长腹剑水蚤和拟长腹剑水蚤（O.similis）中存在隐种的分化，分别是我国南海海域和地中海的羽长腹剑水蚤以及朝鲜海峡和北海的拟长腹剑水蚤，种间遗传距离分别为18.6%、22.9%。  相似文献   

微波辅助提取-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中无机砷   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

马名扬张丽佳  张朝阳毕鸿亮李幼菊  卢普相 《岩矿测试》2007,26(5):372-376

建立了微波辅助提取-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中无机砷的分析方法。用正交试验设计结合单因素试验优化了样品粒度、提取温度、提取时间、固液比等微波提取条件，研究了共存离子对无机砷测定的干扰情况。方法的线性范围为0．25～40．0μg/g，无机砷的检出限为0．05μg/g，样品加标回收率为92．9％～105．0％。方法的精密度（RSD，n=11）为0．3％。与水浴提取法相比，微波辅助提取法具有快速、高效的优势。方法已用于分析3个不同产地有代表性土壤中无机砷含量。  相似文献   

Estimation of potential evapotranspiration over the Yellow River basin: reference crop evaporation or Shuttleworth–Wallace?     

M. C. Zhou  H. Ishidaira  K. Takeuchi 《水文研究》2007,21(14):1860-1874

Potential evapotranspiration (PET) is a key input to hydrological models. Its estimation has often been via the Penman–Monteith (P–M) equation, most recently in the form of an estimate of reference evapotranspiration (RET) as recommended by FAO‐56. In this paper the Shuttleworth–Wallace (S–W) model is implemented to estimate PET directly in a form that recognizes vegetation diversity and temporal change without reference to experimental measurements and without calibration. The threshold values of vegetation parameters are drawn from the literature based on the International Geosphere–Biosphere Programme land cover classification. The spatial and temporal variation of the LAI of vegetation is derived from the composite NOAA‐AVHRR normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) using a method based on the SiB2 model, and the Climate Research Unit database is used to provide the required meteorological data. All these data inputs are publicly and globally available. Consequently, the implementation of the S–W model developed in this study is applicable at the global scale, an essential requirement if it is to be applied in data‐poor or ungauged large basins. A comparison is made between the FAO‐56 method and the S–W model when applied to the Yellow River basin for the whole of the last century. The resulting estimates of RET and PET and their association with vegetation types and leaf area index (LAI) are examined over the whole basin both annual and monthly and at six specific points. The effect of NDVI on the PET estimate is further evaluated by replacing the monthly NDVI product with the 10‐day product. Multiple regression relationships between monthly PET, RET, LAI, and climatic variables are explored for categories of vegetation types. The estimated RET is a good climatic index that adequately reflects the temporal change and spatial distribution of climate over the basin, but the PET estimated using the S–W model not only reflects the changes in climate, but also the vegetation distribution and the development of vegetation in response to climate. Although good statistical relationships can be established between PET, RET and/or climatic variables, applying these relationships likely will result in large errors because of the strong non‐linearity and scatter between the PET and the LAI of vegetation. It is concluded that use of the implementation of the S–W model described in this study results in a physically sound estimate of PET that accounts for changing land surface conditions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

机载LiDAR生成亚热带森林林下DTM的地面误差分析     

武晓天  李慧姝  阮芳  冯皓宁  陈明强  王长委  王斌 《测绘通报》2021,(11):101-105

目前LiDAR技术已经成为DTM的主要生产方法。地面误差对LiDAR生成DTM的精度影响比较明显,特别是由于亚热带森林植被覆盖区LiDAR激光点云少,生成的DTM更复杂,需要分析地面误差对LiDAR生成林下DTM的精度影响。本文以华南农业大学增城教学科研基地为研究对象,从森林郁闭度和坡度两个方面探讨了地面误差对机载LiDAR数据生成林下DTM精度的影响。研究结果发现高程误差会随郁闭度的增大而增大;而随坡度变化趋势不明显,但是坡度为15°时成为误差的分水岭,其前后误差差异比较明显。总体而言,郁闭度的影响更为明显。  相似文献   

Characteristics and potential environmental consequence of weathered materials in the surface layer of a spontaneously combusting mine spoil stockpile     

W. Lu  C. Lin  Y. Ma  S. Huang  C. Si  Y. Liu  J. Li 《Applied Geochemistry》2010

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