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131.
地球系统模式FIO-ESM对北极海冰的模拟和预估 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
评估了地球系统模式FIO-ESM(First Institute of Oceanography-Earth System Model)基于CMIP5(Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5)的历史实验对北极海冰的模拟能力,分析了该模式基于CMIP5未来情景实验在不同典型浓度路径(RCPs,Representative Concentration Pathways)下对北极海冰的预估情况。通过与卫星观测的海冰覆盖范围资料相比,该模式能够很好地模拟出多年平均海冰覆盖范围的季节变化特征,模拟的气候态月平均海冰覆盖范围均在卫星观测值±15%范围以内。FIO-ESM能够较好地模拟1979-2005年期间北极海冰的衰减趋势,模拟衰减速度为每年减少2.24×104 km2,但仍小于观测衰减速度(每年减少4.72×104 km2)。特别值得注意的是:不同于其他模式所预估的海冰一直衰减,FIO-ESM对21世纪北极海冰预估在不同情景下呈现不同的变化趋势,在RCP2.6和RCP4.5情景下,北极海冰总体呈增加趋势,在RCP6情景下,北极海冰基本维持不变,而在RCP8.5情景下,北极海冰呈现继续衰减趋势。 相似文献
132.
重点研究西北太平洋长期验潮站海平面变化的季节、年际和年代际变化特征。所选站点多年平均变化速率为1.71mm/a。结果表明,近岸区、大洋沿岸区、大洋区主要周期均为12个月;近岸区、大洋沿岸区、大洋区部分低纬度站点存在6个月周期;所有站点都存在明显的年际和年代际周期信号;中高纬度地区年代际信号强于年际信号,热带地区年际信号强于年代际信号;近岸区、大洋沿岸区、大洋区站点年际和年代际变化具有明显的地域性;热带地区受ENSO影响强于中高纬度地区,热带大洋区受ENSO影响强于大洋沿岸区,热带大洋沿岸区受ENSO影响强于近岸区;受PDO影响较明显的站点位于25°N～40°N的中纬度地区。1993—2010年间,近岸区、大洋沿岸区、大洋区验潮站、大洋区T/P的主要周期均为12个月,但变化速率和季节变化振幅各不同,大洋区验潮站滞后其他区近1个月达到极值。 相似文献
133.
总结海啸预报模型的研究进展,重点分析了当今主要海啸数值预报模型的不同特点,如美国NOAA海啸研究中心应用的MOST模型、美国康奈尔大学的COMCOT模型、特拉华大学的FUNWAVE/GEOWAVE、日本的TUNAMI系列预报模型以及中国的CTSU海啸数值模型等系统,最后总结指出了海啸数值模型的发展方向和目前亟待解决的关键技术问题。 相似文献
134.
一次入海气旋快速发展的动力和热力学特征分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用扩展Zwack-Okossi方程(扩展Z-O方程)对2007年3月3-5日黄、渤海海上快速发展的温带气旋进行了诊断分析。结果表明,潜热释放和暖平流在气旋发展初期起主要作用,潜热释放是气旋接近爆发性发展的最主要强迫项,这与以往研究的主要受涡度平流强迫的中国沿海温带气旋不同,说明在中国近海快速发展的一部分温带气旋主要是由潜热释放项强迫的。绝对涡度平流在气旋发展后期才成为主要强迫项。进一步利用MM5模式模拟了潜热释放的作用以及其他一些影响气旋发展的因素,海表面热通量、水汽通量以及气旋路径上的地形对这次气旋的发展有积极贡献,但作用相对潜热释放较小。由于这种在中国近海接近爆发性发展的温带气旋容易造成风暴潮,因此利用动能方程对气旋发展中期的渤海大风进行了诊断分析。结果表明,动能水平平流是动能增加的主要作用项,但动能达到最大值后渤海海域的动能主要由有效位能转换和动量下传提供。 相似文献
135.
南极绕极波(ACW)是近10年来海洋和大气科学领域研究的重要内容之一,其特征表现为一种海气耦合的年际信号在南大洋的明显东向传播。文中依据波动的基本原理,利用非线性拟合方法得到了绕极波行波的平均波速、波数和角频率和印度洋驻波的表达形式,得出行波和驻波具有相同的角频率。针对绕极波纬圈传播的不连续现象,提出了南极绕极波是行波和驻波共存系统的新见解。行波与驻波共存系统由三部分组成:在南大洋的太平洋西侧发生SLP振动,与发生在太平洋中低纬度的过程有关;在太平洋和大西洋存在传播的行波,行波在太平洋最强,到大西洋明显减弱;在印度洋SLP系统表现为局地变化,体现明显的驻波特征。三部分有共同的周期,表明三部分是统一的动力学系统,证实了行波与驻波共存系统可以很好地表达南极绕极波的时空特性和传播特征。 相似文献
136.
利用2003—2011年AMSR-E(Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System)日平均海冰密集度数据,对楚科奇海阿拉斯加沿岸冰间湖进行了分析。针对冰间湖的特点,在阈值法的基础上,通过统计冰间湖出现的频率,限定冰间湖的最大范围,区分各个冰间湖。通过计算阿拉斯加沿岸冰间湖的面积,结合NCEP-DOE(National Centers for Environmental Prediction-Department of Energy)再分析风场数据和白令海峡潜标观测的温盐和海流数据,初步探讨冰间湖发生和发展的规律。为了排除海冰外缘区对判断冰间湖的影响,研究仅限于白令海峡完全冰封的1—4月,可得到以下结论:阿拉斯加西北沿岸海域每年冬季都会出现5个冰间湖,多数时间为紧靠大陆边缘的沿岸冰间湖,巴罗角附近海岸在3月和4月会出现位于沿岸固定冰之外的裂缝冰间湖。冰间湖面积每天都发生变化,表现出天气尺度的变化特征,经历长达数日的发展和消失的过程,与风场的转换有密切关系。离岸风有利于沿岸冰间湖的扩展,但是该海域1—4月的盛行风为东北风和北风,对于多数冰间湖而言为沿岸风,不利于冰间湖的形成,因而冰间湖有时消失长达数十日。在偏北风的影响下,太平洋入流对北部冰间湖几无作用,而对南部冰间湖的空间分布有着重要影响。 相似文献
137.
一次大范围海效应暴雪的雷达反演风场分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用EVAP(Extended Velocity Azimuth Processing)方法对2010年12月30日发生在山东半岛的一次海效应暴雪过程进行风场反演,以了解暴雪过程中雷达回波和低层风场的特征。得出以下结论:(1)烟台和威海暴雪发生时间不同步,降雪带有明显东移的过程,对应烟台强回波带逐渐向东移动,而威海回波位置少动。(2)雷达回波开始产生于渤海,减弱也始于渤海;强回波带的位置与风场的辐合区有很好的对应关系。(3)反演风场水平切变线的移动,会引起强回波带的波动;烟台北部切变线相对稳定,南部切变线西移,致使强回波带沿顺时针方向旋转;威海南部切变线位置相对稳定,北部切变线西移,引起强回波带沿逆时针方向旋转。(4)辐合切变线是由经过辽宁南下的东北风与山东半岛的西北风(西风)辐合构成;切变线受西风分量减弱的影响而发生移动。 相似文献
138.
Based on monthly mean Simple Ocean Data Assimilation(SODA) products from 1958 to 2007,this study analyzes the seasonal and interannual variability of the North Equatorial Current(NEC) bifurcation latitude and the Indonesian Throughflow(ITF) volume transport. Further,Empirical Mode Decomposition(EMD) method and lag-correlation analysis are employed to reveal the relationships between the NEC bifurcation location,NEC and ITF volume transport and ENSO events. The analysis results of the seasonal variability show that the annual mean location of NEC bifurcation in upper layer occurs at 14.33°N and ITF volume transport has a maximum value in summer,a minimum value in winter and an annual mean transport of 7.75×106 m3/s. The interannual variability analysis indicates that the variability of NEC bifurcation location can be treated as a precursor of El Ni?o. The correlation coefficient between the two reaches the maximum of 0.53 with a time lag of 2 months. The ITF volume transport is positively related with El Ni?o events with a maximum coefficient of 0.60 by 3 months. The NEC bifurcation location is positively correlated with the ITF volume transport with a correlation coefficient of 0.43. 相似文献
139.
Evaluation of the simulation capability of the Wavewatch Ⅲ model for Pacific Ocean wave 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Wave climate analysis and other applications for the Pacific Ocean require a reliable wave hindcast. Five source and sink term packages in the Wavewatch III model(v3.14 and v4.18) are compared and assessed in this study through comprehensive observations, including altimeter significant wave height, advanced synthetic aperture radar swell, and buoy wave parameters and spectrum. In addition to the evaluation of typically used integral parameters, the spectra partitioning method contributes to the detailed wave system and wave maturity validation. The modified performance evaluation method(PS) effectively reduces attribute numbers and facilitates the overall assessment. To avoid possible misleading results in the root mean square error-based validations, another indicator called HH(indicating the two authors) is also calculated to guarantee the consistency of the results. The widely used Tolman and Chalikov(TC) package is still generally efficient in determining the integral properties of wave spectra but is physically deficient in explaining the dissipation processes. The ST4 package performs well in overall wave parameters and significantly improves the accuracy of wave systems in the open ocean. Meanwhile, the newly published ST6 package is slightly better in determining swell energy variations. The two packages(ACC350 and BJA) obtained from Wavewatch III v3.14 exhibit large scatters at different sea states. The three most ideal packages are further examined in terms of reproducing waveinduced momentum flux from the perspective of transport. Stokes transport analysis indicates that ST4 is the closest to the NDBC-buoy-spectrum-based transport values, and TC and ST6 tend to overestimate and underestimate the transport magnitude, respectively, in swell mixed areas. This difference must be considered,particularly in air–wave–current coupling research and upper ocean analysis. The assessment results provide guidance for the selection of ST4 for use in a background Pacific Ocean hindcast for high wave climate research and China Sea swell type analysis. 相似文献
140.
2007和2012年北极最小海冰范围空间分布不同的原因分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Satellite records show the minimum Arctic sea ice extents(SIEs) were observed in the Septembers of 2007 and2012, but the spatial distributions of sea ice concentration reduction in these two years were quite different.Atmospheric circulation pattern and the upper-ocean state in summer were investigated to explain the difference.By employing the ice-temperature and ice-specific humidity(SH) positive feedbacks in the Arctic Ocean, this paper shows that in 2007 and 2012 the higher surface air temperature(SAT) and sea level pressure(SLP)accompanied by more surface SH and higher sea surface temperature(SST), as a consequence, the strengthened poleward wind was favorable for melting summer Arctic sea ice in different regions in these two years. SAT was the dominant factor influencing the distribution of Arctic sea ice melting. The correlation coefficient is –0.84 between SAT anomalies in summer and the Arctic SIE anomalies in autumn. The increase SAT in different regions in the summers of 2007 and 2012 corresponded to a quicker melting of sea ice in the Arctic. The SLP and related wind were promoting factors connected with SAT. Strengthening poleward winds brought warm moist air to the Arctic and accelerated the melting of sea ice in different regions in the summers of 2007 and 2012. Associated with the rising air temperature, the higher surface SH and SST also played a positive role in reducing summer Arctic sea ice in different regions in these two years, which form two positive feedbacks mechanism. 相似文献