贫困视角下的中国区域经济增长规律及其管治研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

隋文娟  刘筱  廖悲雨  王铮 《地理研究》2010,29(2):373-381

采用贫穷增长曲线方法,研究了中国的区域经济增长规律。根据中国1994~2006年地级市的人口和GDP数据,总体来看,随着经济增长,中国地区差距呈扩大趋势,但区域平均GDP增长率越高,地区差距拉大的趋势就越小。1998~2000年,受亚洲金融危机影响,中国呈现贫困化经济增长,GDP增长率最低,地区差距急剧扩大;2003~2004年是亚洲金融危机后中国平均GDP增长率最高的年份,基本符合减贫经济增长,地区差距缩小;其余年份基本符合涓滴经济增长,即随着经济增长,虽然绝对贫穷得到了缓解,但贫困地区人口的收入份额降低,地区差距扩大。针对这种情况,提出了中国经济增长的区域管治是必要的。  相似文献   

港-城界面的演变及其空间机理   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

庄佩君  汪宇明 《地理研究》2010,29(6):1105-1116

港—城界面是水路运输相关活动地域与城市地域交互作用的区域,是港口与城市相互关系的一个特定滨水空间。作为各种社会力量和技术发展在特定空间地域的投影,港—城界面经历了一系列的空间迁移和形态演变。其空间迁移轨迹是由内城中心至内城边缘,再到远离内城的位置。在其生命周期的形成生长、成熟扩张、衰退废弃和再生复活各阶段体现了港城关系由共生一体、共同扩张、分离、最后再度整合的演变过程。以宁波为案例,分析了港—城界面的演变和空间机理。在不同的历史时期内,江厦港区、江北港区、镇海和北仑港区所呈现的是商贸综合体和港城聚落、西式中心商务区和近代城市社区、临港工业综合体和物流园区等港-城界面空间景观形态的变化,再生后的江北港区则成为城市休闲旅游文化创意产业综合体。在港—城界面演变的历史进程中,运输技术与组织以及通讯技术变革是港—城界面迁移的主要引擎,劳动地域分工确定了港—城界面的产业和形态,再生动机更多地来自城市更新和政治经济需求,环保意识和立法促进了港城分离,制度变革是基础。  相似文献   

特枯2006年长江中下游径流特征及江湖库径流调节过程     

戴志军  李九发  赵军凯  蒋陈娟  张小玲 《地理科学》2010,30(4):577-581

利用1978特枯年、2000~2006年长江中下游宜昌、汉口、大通、城陵矶及湖口等水文实测资料,对2006年长江中下游出现特大枯水水情条件下的径流变化和江、湖与水库的调节过程进行分析。结果表明:长江中下游径流变化出现洪季不洪、枯季不枯特征,洪季来水量不到平常年的60%~70%,枯季基本维持平常年的来水量;其中长江上游来水量急剧减少是造成长江中下游洪季不洪的主要因素,三峡在枯水期间的调蓄对维持长江中下游干流的水量有一定的贡献,洞庭湖与鄱阳湖两大湖泊在枯季因干流水位显著降低形成的胁迫效应是长江中下游枯季不枯的重要因素。  相似文献   

Influence of the Yangtze River and grain size on the spatial variations of heavy metals and organic carbon in the East China Sea continental shelf sediments     

《Chemical Geology》2002,182(2-4):377-394

Bulk heavy metal (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd), Al, organic carbon and carbonate concentrations, grain sizes, and δC¹³ of the organic carbon distributions were studied in sediments collected throughout the East China Sea continental shelf and the Yangtze River Delta. The results demonstrated that terrigenous sediments from the Yangtze River is a dominating factor controlling the spatial variations of heavy metals and organic carbon concentrations on the East China Sea continental shelf. In addition, grain size and recent anthropogenic influences are also major factors modifying the spatial and vertical variations of heavy metals.Large spatial variations with a band type distribution of heavy metals, grain size, organic carbon and carbonate were observed. Higher concentrations of heavy metal and light δC¹³ of the organic carbon were found primarily in the Deltaic and inner shelf sediments. The band type distribution generally followed the coastline with little variations in the north–south direction. Away from the Delta and inner shelf (west–east direction), most heavy metal concentrations decreased rapidly with the exception of Cd where high concentrations of Cd were also found in the carbonate-rich shelf break sediments. Coarse-grained relict sediments and biogenic carbonate are two primary diluting agents for the fine-grained aluminosilicate sediments from the Yangtze River with high concentrations of heavy metals.Unusually high concentrations of Cu, Pb, and Cd showed both spatially and vertically that more pollution prevention measures are needed in the Yangtze River drainage basin in order to prevent further heavy metal pollution of the East China Sea inner continental shelf.  相似文献   

Huayanpeng boulder beach of Putuo Island, southeast coast of China: characteristics and explanation     

Bin Chen  Zhongyuan Chen 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2009,3(3):286-290

Huayanpeng boulder beach is located at the Cape of Putuo Island, southeast coast of China. From 6000 years ago, sea level changed little and turned steady, which was prone to forming the boulder beach. Since then, numerous storm surges propagated from the West Pacific Ocean have imposed on the bedrock of the eastern coast of Putuo Island, resulting in a large amount of rocks fallen from the hill-slope onto the beach. The similarity of rock lithology between the bedrock and the boulders of the study area supports the hypothesis of Holocene steady sea-level controls on the formation of the beach. Long-term littoral currents, including storm weather and normal weather conditions, have greatly sorted the boulder beach vertically and transversely. From east to west, the beach turns wider and gradient becomes gentler, and the boulders reduce its size, from, on average, 1.0 m to 0.5 m, with a decrease in flattening and an increase in sphericity and psephicity. The sizes of the boulders and flattening turn bigger from supra-littoral to inter-littoral zone, while sphericity and psephicity turn smaller and lower. These basal characteristics of boulders highlight the linkage of beach formation to the high-storm energy propagated from the open seas during the typhoon season.  相似文献   

长江三角洲地层中的冷杉和云杉花粉的来源推测   总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

陈静  王张华  李晓  陈中原 《第四纪研究》2009,29(2):290-298

孢粉通常被用作古气候的代用指标,长江三角洲地区已经进行了许多相关的孢粉-古气候的研究工作。通过对长江三角洲地区7个晚更新世钻孔的孢粉资料进行提取对比,发现冷杉和云杉两种花粉在地层中分布有一定的规律性。现代长江流域这两种耐寒植物集中分布在青藏高原区,长江中下游地区极少分布,但其花粉确出现在近河口区的晚更新世以来的暖期地层中（MIS1,3和5期）,并且达到了一定数量,这很可能是长江从其上游地区搬运至此沉积下来的。同时,我们也发现西部内陆平原区由于受长江物源影响较少,其晚更新世以来地层中的冷杉和云杉花粉分布与河口区差别很大,这也为河流携带冷杉和云杉花粉至河口地区提供了证据。这一发现如果成立,冷杉和云杉花粉即可作为长江物源的一个判别指标。  相似文献   

城市路面径流重金属固液分配系数及其影响因素   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

常静  刘敏  李先华  余婕  林啸  王丽丽  高磊 《水科学进展》2009,20(5):714-720

以上海市中心城区为例,探讨路面径流重金属在颗粒物-水相间的分配特征及其影响因素.研究表明,路面径流Cr的25%分位数浓度值,以及Zn、Pb、Cd的90%分位数浓度值超出地表Ⅴ类水标准,Cu和Ni污染程度较轻.径流重金属Pb、Zn、Cu及Cd总量浓度与悬浮颗粒物(TSS)含量呈现较明显的正相关关系,Ni与TSS浓度相关性不显著.径流冲刷过程中Cu和Ni溶解态含量比例平均值为35%;Zn和Cr平均值为19%~22%;Cd和Pb溶解态比例最低,平均值为4%~8%.应用扣除残渣态后的颗粒物重金属含量计算固液分配系数依次为Pb>Cd>Zn>Ni>Cu>Cr.径流中悬浮颗粒物浓度与固液分配系数存在显著负相关关系,呈现明显的"颗粒物浓度效应",径流pH值在6.4~7.2区间时对固液分配系数影响相对较小.  相似文献   

长江口潮滩环境信息系统功能设计研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

王军  陈振楼  许世远  过仲阳  路月仙 《地理与地理信息科学》2004,20(4):36-39

该文在对长江口潮滩环境信息系统研究紧迫性分析的基础上,总结了长江口潮滩环境信息系统实现的总体目标、技术路线,同时阐述基于组件技术实现长江口潮滩环境信息系统的总体思路。  相似文献   

长江与黄河河口沉积物磁性特征对比的初步研究   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10  

王永红  沈焕庭  张卫国 《沉积学报》2004,22(4):658-663

根据2001年8月和9月分别采自黄河与长江河口沉积物样品的磁性测量和粒度分析,探讨长江和黄河河口沉积物的磁性特征及其差异。长江河口沉积物中亚铁磁性物质的含量高于黄河口,但长江口与黄河口沉积物中都是亚铁磁性矿物主导了样品磁性特征,亚铁磁性矿物晶粒都以假单畴-多畴为主。相比黄河口沉积物,长江口沉积物不完整反铁磁性物质对磁性特征的的贡献较小。长江与黄河河口的这种磁性特征主要反映了不同的沉积物来源的控制影响。此外,无论是长江口还是黄河口沉积物,磁性参数χARM、χfd%与沉积物细粒级组分存在显著的相关性,表明这两个参数作为粒度的代用指标具有普遍性。  相似文献   

Lead isotopic systematics of major river sediments: a new estimate of the Pb isotopic composition of the Upper Continental Crust     

《Chemical Geology》2004,203(1-2):75-90

The lead isotopic composition of river sediments is reported in the present work for the Earth's major river basins, from old cratonic to young orogenic areas and from subarctic to tropical climates. Sediment samples from these large river basins provide a useful tool to calculate the average upper crustal composition because they are large-scale integrated samples of the weathering products of the present-day Upper Continental Crust (UCC). Two different and complementary calculations were done to estimate the average lead isotopic composition of the UCC. The first, based on the flux weighted average of particulate lead delivered by the rivers, gave values of 19.07, 15.74 and 39.35 for ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios, respectively. To avoid over-estimating the contribution of orogenic areas, which produces a bias (because the flux of particulate lead depends strongly on the physical erosion rate), a second calculation was done by averaging with drainage areas of each river basin. This gave values of 18.93, 15.71 and 39.03 for ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios, respectively. These direct calculations of the lead isotopic composition of the UCC are similar and are in agreement with previous estimates made using an indirect approach.  相似文献