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41.
Mao Wang Zhenyuan Huang Fushan Shi Wenqing Wang 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,85(2):208-216
Well-developed aerial roots of mangroves make it difficult to study how fish utilize the mangrove forest as a habitat. In the present study, we compared the differences in fish assemblages in three major types of habitats of mangrove estuary (vegetated area, treeless mudflat, and creek) of a mangrove bay in Hainan Island, China, at different seasons during two consecutive years. Three types of gears, centipede net, gill net and cast net, were used in the different habitats of mangrove estuary and sampling efficiencies among gears were evaluated. Centipede nets were used in all the three types of habitats and cast nets and gill nets in treeless mudflats and creeks. Fish assemblages were dependent on gears used. Centipede net could efficiently catch fish occurring both inside and outside of vegetated areas efficiently. A total of 115 fish species in 51 families were collected. In terms of numbers of species per family, Gobiidae was the most diverse (17 species), followed by Mugilidae (5 species). Almost all of the fish were juvenile or small fish and few predators were recorded, implying low predation pressure in the bay. ANOVA analysis showed that significant seasonal and spatial variation existed in species richness, abundance, and biomass, which were less in the vegetated areas than those of treeless mudflats and creeks. The attraction of vegetated areas to fish was less than that of creeks and mudflats. Many species were specific to a particular habitat type, 4 species occurring exclusively in the creeks, 45 species occurring exclusively in the treeless mudflats, and 5 species occurring exclusively in the vegetated areas. The results indicated that mangrove estuaries were potentially attractive habitats for juvenile and small fish, but this attraction was accomplished by a connection of vegetated areas, treeless mudflats and creeks, not only by vegetated areas. 相似文献
42.
《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2009,56(26):2899-2917
Simultaneous measurements of dimethylsulfide (DMS) in the seawater and atmosphere were conducted during SEEDS-II to investigate the responses of DMS to iron (Fe) fertilization in the subarctic North Pacific. No significant increases in the seawater DMS (DMSw) concentration were observed inside the fertilized patch compared to those outside the patch, while particulate dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSPp) concentration inside the patch increased 2-fold compared to those outside the patch in the phytoplankton bloom of major DMSP producers such as prasinophytes, cryptophytes, diatoms and prymnesiophytes. In the decline phase of the bloom, maximum DMSw was observed both inside the patch (ca. 6.2 nM) and outside the patch (ca. 9.3 nM). In this period, increases in mesozooplankton and decreases in the DMSP producers (prymnesiophytes and diatoms) were observed both sides of the patch, but larger inside the patch than outside the patch. Large decreases in the DMSPp inside the patch, which was probably related to the large increases in mesozooplankton inside the patch, did not result in increases in the DMSw concentration. Considering biological and nonbiological parameters, we discussed these results, although they could not be completely explained. Unfortunately, the impact of Fe fertilization on the atmospheric DMS (DMSa) concentration was not detected due to no significant changes in DMSw. However, it is noted that DMSa concentrations were dependent on the sea–air DMS flux in the air from higher latitudes and/or the Eurasian continent, though the DMS flux was a minor role to the budget of DMSw. Therefore if DMSw were significantly changed by Fe fertilization, DMSa might be affected through changes in the sea-air flux in this condition. 相似文献
43.
Investigations into nematode density and species assemblages have been conducted in different types of mangroves worldwide, but these studies have typically been limited to one type of plant or tree species. The invasive salt marsh grass Spartina alterniflora has successively invaded native mangroves along the southern coasts of China during the preceding two decades. However, few meiofauna studies on the impacts of S. alterniflora have been conducted, and the consequences of this invasion on ecosystem composition and function remain unclear. The hypothesis of this study was that the spatial and seasonal distribution of nematode assemblages vary significantly among three native mangrove habitats (Kandelia obovata, Aegiceras corniculatum, and Avicennia marina) and between these habitats and a fourth habitat that was colonized by S. alterniflora, in Zhangjiang Estuary, China. Our results demonstrated that different species dominated in different habitats seasonally. Highly significant differences in density, number of species, diversity index, and maturity index were present among the four habitats. ANOSIM results revealed that there were significant differences in nematode assemblages among the four habitats and seasons, with the S. alterniflora habitat exhibiting the lowest mean values of number of species, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, richness index, and maturity index in the four seasons. This suggests that the presence of S. alterniflora disrupted nematode assemblages. 相似文献
44.
Bacterial abundance, phytoplankton community structure and environmental parameters were investigated to study the relationships between bacteria and phytoplankton during giant jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai blooms in the central Yellow Sea during 2013. N. nomurai appeared in June, increased in August, reached a peak and began to degrade in September 2013. Results showed that phosphate was possible a key nutrient for both phytoplankton and bacteria in June, but it changed to nitrate in August and September. Phytoplankton composition significantly changed that pico-phytoplankton relative biomass significantly increased, whereas other size phytoplankton significantly decreased during jellyfish bloom. In June, a significantly positive correlation was observed between chlorophyll a concentration and bacterial abundance(r=0.67, P0.001, n=34).During jellyfish outbreak in August, there was no significant correlation between phytoplankton and bacteria(r=0.11, P0.05, n=25), but the relationship(r=0.71, P0.001, n=31) was rebuilt with jellyfish degradation in September. In August, small size phytoplankton occupied the mixed layer in offshore stations, while bacteria almost distributed evenly in vertical. Chlorophyll a concentration significantly increased from(0.42±0.056) μg/L in June to(0.74±0.174) μg/L in August, while bacterial abundance just slightly increased. Additionally, the negative net community production indicated that community respiration was not entirely determined by the local primary productivity in August. These results indicated that jellyfish blooms potentially affect coupling of phytoplankton and bacteria in marine ecosystems. 相似文献
45.
Guogui Chen Wei Hong Xuan Gu Ken W. Krauss Kaiyuan Zhao Haifeng Fu Luzhen Chen Mao Wang Wenqing Wang 《Sedimentology》2023,70(1):31-47
Coastal wetlands are key features of the Earth's surface and are characterized by a diverse array of coupled geomorphological and biological processes. However, the links between the distribution of biodiversity (for example, species and structural diversity) and the formation of coastal geomorphology are not well-understood on a landscape scale most useful to coastal zone managers. This study describes the relationship between select geomorphological and biological mangrove community features (i.e. species composition and functional root type) in a landscape-distributed coastal zone of Dongzhaigang Bay, north-eastern Hainan Island, China. A total of 11 mangrove species and five functional aerial root types were encountered, with the location of species by root types being controlled by the elevation of the soil surface. Plank roots, prop roots and pneumatophores occupied the lowest intertidal elevations, while knee roots and fibrous roots of the mangrove fern, Acrostichum aureum, preferred the highest intertidal elevations. Surface sediment deposition in areas with mangroves was greater than deposition in non-mangrove forest zones, establishing an important biological mechanism for this large-area response because surface erosion/compaction was also more prominent within mangrove roots. Indeed, functional root type influenced the magnitude of deposition, erosion and compaction, with knee roots and pneumatophores being more effective in promoting deposition and preventing surface erosion/compaction than prop roots. These results indicate a potential role for vegetation type (especially functional root type) to influence coastal geomorphological processes at large landscape scales. While soil surface elevation is correlated to the distribution of mangrove species and functional root types, a significant feedback exists between elevation change and the capacity of those root types to influence coastal geomorphological differentiation within sustainable intertidal elevations. An enhanced understanding of geomorphological development, mangrove species distribution and functional root type may improve management to support nature-based solutions that adjust more effectively to sea-level rise through feedbacks. 相似文献
46.
《Oceanologica Acta》1999,22(4):413-420
The carbonates associated with the macrofauna of shallow fine sands have been evaluated at six stations located at five different sites on the French Mediterranean coast. The carbonate content of forty species or zoological groups has been estimated. At each station the mean calcimass has been calculated during a year-long cycle, showing the participation of the different zoological groups, mainly molluscs and echinoderms. The comparison of calcimass and associated biomass shows that CaCO3/AFDW ratio fluctuates between 1.6 to 19.3. These values are similar to those obtained in some rocky bottom communities. Calcimass values usually largely exceed biomass ones; therefore the carbon linked to carbonates cannot be excluded from the carbon balance including macrofauna, which are usually represented only by biomass organic matter. According to mean longevity of species providing CaCO3, the annual carbonate production by macrobenthos in Mediterranean fine sands can be roughly estimated as being one third of its calcimass value. 相似文献
47.
为了解鳄鱼屿潮间带中国鲎资源状况,2018年6月—2019年5月,调查厦门鳄鱼屿潮间带中国鲎种群的个体数、软壳率、损伤率、头胸部长和宽、腹部长和剑尾长。结果表明:鳄鱼屿潮间带中国鲎个体数从2018年6月的12只增加到9月的37只,2018年12月和2019年1月未发现中国鲎,2019年3月增加到22只。2018年8—11月为中国鲎蜕壳期,2019年2—5月损伤率较高。2019年2月鳄鱼屿潮间带中国鲎种群的头胸部长和腹部长最大,分别为39.66 mm和31.20 mm,2019年5月头胸部长和腹部长最小,分别为22.93 mm和20.53 mm。2018年7月头胸甲宽和剑尾长最大,分别为60.42 mm和71.19 mm,2018年6月头胸甲宽和剑尾长最小,分别为43.93 mm和42.88 mm。厦门鳄鱼屿潮间带采集到大型底栖动物136种,优势类群主要是多毛类、甲壳类和双壳类。鳄鱼屿潮间带A、B、C 3个区的沉积物中均没有砾成分,从较高潮位(A区)到较低潮位(C区)砂和叶绿素a含量减少,而碳、氮、粉砂和黏土含量增加。由于受牡蛎养殖和池塘养殖等人类活动的影响,厦门鳄鱼屿潮间带的中国鲎种群及其栖息地较小。 相似文献
48.
似三核线虫属的两个新种似三核线虫红树林种（Tripyloides mangrovensis n.sp.）和似三核线虫厦门种（Tripyloides amoyanus n.sp.）在本文中分别被描述，标本分别采自中国厦门同安湾红树林和海门岛红树林。两个新种都具有6根较粗的外唇刚毛，雄性标本不具有肛前附器，尾部圆锥圆柱形且不具有末端突起。似三核线虫红树林种（Tripyloides mangrovensis n.sp.）口器分成两部分，化感器圆形，尾部具有显著的近端圆锥形和远端纤细的圆柱形，圆柱形部分占尾部的2/3。似三核线虫厦门种（Tripyloides amoyanus n.sp.）口器分成3部分，具有小齿，化感器小，双环状，尾部1/3部分为圆柱形，引带有4个小齿。 相似文献
49.
Epizoic diatoms on marine copepods are common in nature and may have a special ecological relationship with their hosts.However,this special ecological group is not well known,and it has only rarely been studied in the China seas.To address this knowledge gap,the species diversity and classification of epizoic diatoms on planktonic copepods were studied with samples collected from the East China Sea.In the present study,a marine araphid diatom genus Protoraphis and its type species,Pr.hustedtiana,were observed and identified by light and electron microscopy,thus representing the first record of this genus and its type species in China.This genus is characterized by a median sternum strongly bent to opposite sides and terminate in two transapical grooves at the valve ends.Protoraphis hustedtiana was found to be epizoic on the posterior body appendages and segments of the marine calanoid copepod Candacia bradyi.An internal view shows a complex,ear-shaped process that is close to the apical slit field.The ecological habitats and geographical distributions of Protoraphis were also discussed,and,together with complementary morphological studies,our results have increased the number of records for marine epizoic diatoms to three genera with three species in China,including Pseudohimantidium and Pseudofalcula. 相似文献
50.
The influence of sea ice on the species composition and cell density of phytoplankton was investigated in the eastern Bering Sea in spring 2008. Diatoms,particularly pennate diatoms,dominated the phytoplankton community. The dominant species were G rammonema islandica(Grunow in Van Heurck) Hasle,Fragilariopsis cylindrus(Grunow) Krieger,F. oceanica(Cleve) Hasle,Navicula vanhoeffenii Gran,Thalassiosira antarctica Comber,T. gravida Cleve,T. nordenskieldii Cleve,and T. rotula Meunier. Phytoplankton cell densities varied from 0.08×104 to 428.8×104 cells/L,with an average of 30.3×104 cells/L. Using cluster analysis,phytoplankton were grouped into three assemblages defined by ice-forming conditions: open water,ice edge,and sea ice assemblages. In spring,when the sea ice melts,the phytoplankton dispersed from the sea ice to the ice edge and even into open waters. Thus,these phytoplankton in the sea ice may serve as a "seed bank" for phytoplankton population succession in the subarctic ecosystem. Moreover,historical studies combined with these results suggest that the sizes of diatom species have become smaller,shifting from microplankton to nannoplankton-dominated communities. 相似文献