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51.
观测显示过去几十年间北极入海径流呈现增加趋势,CMIP5耦合模式预测表明21世纪北极入海径流仍会增加,在RCP8.5路径下,21世纪末北极入海径流量将会是1950年的1.4倍。本文利用冰-海耦合数值模式研究了北极径流增加对大西洋经向翻转环流的影响。基于两个数值实验的结果表明,如果北极入海径流按每年0.22%的速度(与RCP8.5路径下的速度相当)增加,大西洋经向翻转环流的强度在100、150和200年后将会分别减弱0.6(3%)、1.2(7%)和1.8(11%) Sv。北极入海径流增加导致大西洋经向翻转环流减弱的主要原因是,北极入海径流增加的淡水被输运到北大西洋后,会抑制北大西洋深层水的生成,这也会导致北大西洋深层水海水年龄的增加。 相似文献
53.
Fangli Qiao Yeli Yuan Tal Ezer Changshui Xia Yongzeng Yang Xingang Lü Zhenya Song 《Ocean Dynamics》2010,60(5):1339-1355
A theoretical framework to include the influences of nonbreaking surface waves in ocean general circulation models is established
based on Reynolds stresses and fluxes terms derived from surface wave-induced fluctuation. An expression for the wave-induced
viscosity and diffusivity as a function of the wave number spectrum is derived for infinite and finite water depths; this
derivation allows the coupling of ocean circulation models with a wave number spectrum numerical model. In the case of monochromatic
surface wave, the wave-induced viscosity and diffusivity are functions of the Stokes drift. The influence of the wave-induced
mixing scheme on global ocean circulation models was tested with the Princeton Ocean Model, indicating significant improvement
in upper ocean thermal structure and mixed layer depth compared with mixing obtained by the Mellor–Yamada scheme without the
wave influence. For example, the model–observation correlation coefficient of the upper 100-m temperature along 35° N increases
from 0.68 without wave influence to 0.93 with wave influence. The wave-induced Reynolds stress can reach up to about 5% of
the wind stress in high latitudes, and drive 2–3 Sv transport in the global ocean in the form of mesoscale eddies with diameter
of 500–1,000 km. The surface wave-induced mixing is more pronounced in middle and high latitudes during the summer in the
Northern Hemisphere and in middle latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere. 相似文献
54.
The aim of this study was to understand the cause of Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) bias in the High Resolution Atmospheric Model (HiRAM) driven by observed SST through process-oriented diagnosis. Wavenumber-frequency power spectrum and composite analyses indicate that HiRAM underestimates the spectral amplitude over the MJO band and mainly produces non-propagating rather than eastward-propagating intraseasonal rainfall anomalies, as observed. Column-integrated moist static energy (MSE) budget analysis is conducted to understand the MJO propagation bias in the simulation. It is found that the bias is due to the lack of a zonally asymmetric distribution of the MSE tendency anomaly in respect to the MJO convective center, which is mainly attributable to the bias in vertical MSE advection and surface turbulent flux. Further analysis suggests that it is the unrealistic simulation of MJO vertical circulation anomalies in the upper troposphere as well as overestimation of the Rossby wave response that results in the bias.摘要本研究评估了高分辨率大气环流模式HiRAM模拟的MJO. 结果表明, HiRAM模拟的MJO东传很弱. 我们通过计算整层积分的湿静力能 (MSE) 收支来诊断MJO东传模拟偏差的原因. 结果发现, MSE倾向相对于MJO对流中心的纬向非对称分布很弱是导致东传模拟偏弱的原因, 这主要是由MSE垂直平流和地表湍流通量的模拟偏差造成的. 进一步研究表明, 对流层上层MJO垂直环流结构的模拟偏差和MJO对流西侧的Rossby波环流偏强共同导致了模式的偏差. 本研究中指出的MJO传播模拟偏差的原因与之前基于多模式结果的结论不同, 这意味着要想了解特定模式的模拟偏差, 有必要对该模式进行具体分析. 相似文献
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57.
Theoretically, propagating internal tides in the ocean may reflect at turning depths, where buoyancy frequencies equal tidal frequencies, before colliding with the air-sea interface or rugged bottom topography. Globally, the internal tide lower turning depths(ITLTDs) in the open ocean have been mapped; however, knowledge of the presence of ITLTDs in the South China Sea(SCS) is lacking. In this study, 2 125 high-quality temperature-salinity profiles(including 58 deep-sea hydrographic measurements... 相似文献
58.
The equations of barotropic model are used to discuss the effects of diabatic factors such as heat-ing of convective condensation, evaporation-wind feedback and CISK on the Rossby wave and the Kelvin wave. In low latitudes we have obtained the angular frequency and analyzed the period and stability of waves. The result shows the existence of the diabatic factors not only enlarges the period of adiabatic waves but also changes the stability of waves. Thus we think that the so-called intraseasonal oscillation and some other low-frequency oscillations are a kind of diabatic waves which are important factors producing the long-term weather changes and short-term climatic evolution. 相似文献
59.
《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2000,47(4):737-743
Recent works have shown that parameterizing eddy fluxes as a downgradient diffusion of potential vorticity (PV) generates circulation over topography. This result is examined in the context of a simple barotropic quasi-geostrophic model. It is shown that, unless a constraint on the eddy diffusivity is maintained, the PV mixing parameterization creates a fictitious torque which generates angular momentum. These considerations indicate that momentum conservation is not maintained in recent models that purport to show generation of net alongslope flow associated with PV mixing over topography. 相似文献
60.
浪致混合对亚热带冬季海洋混合强度的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
上层海洋在全球气候系统中起着至关重要的作用。对上层海洋层结及混合的模拟偏差一直是海洋和气候数值模式发展中悬而未决的问题。本文首先评估了CMIP5中45个模式对上层海洋层结模拟的偏差,确认了冬季亚热带地区海洋模式垂向混合偏强。随后,基于自然资源部第一海洋研究所地球系统模式(FIO-ESM v1.0),分别开展了1986?2005年期间包含和关闭海浪垂向混合情况下的数值实验,分析浪致混合对亚热带冬季海洋混合强度模拟的影响及机制。发现浪致混合使得气候模式中亚热带海域冬季的海洋层结增强,增强的层结使上层海洋更加稳定。首次揭示了增加浪致混合反而降低了海洋总体的垂向混合率:浪致混合使北半球冬季亚热带海域混合率从无浪实验的227 cm2/s降低到有浪实验的178 cm2/s,降低了21.6%;南半球冬季亚热带海域混合率从无浪实验的189 cm2/s降低到有浪实验的165 cm2/s,降低了12.7%。进一步分析发现,浪致混合主要是通过增加冬季亚热带海域上层海洋的热含量从而强化了海洋的层结,最终改善了气候模式对上层海洋混合的模拟。 相似文献