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621.
海底浅表层信息声探测技术研究现状及发展 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
回顾了我国海洋仪器研发的历史,综述并对比了多波束测深、侧扫声呐和浅层剖面仪等海底浅表层信息声呐探测技术的国内外研究现状:经过数十年的海洋技术研发,国内在设备研发、数据资料处理方法研究和探测数据资料应用研究等方面已取得了较丰硕的研究成果,但同时也发现在当前国内海洋技术研发中仍存在一些潜在的问题,与国外相关海洋技术尚存在一定差距。以维护海洋权益为目标的系列重大海洋基础勘测项目的启动和深海资源勘查及研究的纵深发展是近年海洋技术得以快速发展的源动力。声学底质分类、声学海底原位测试、动力地貌和构造地貌等是目前海底浅表层声探测信息资料应用于海底科学研究的热点。对海洋技术的可持续发展提出了几点建议：①提高理论研究水平;②加快仪器设备研制的国产化进程;③加强自主知识产权数据处理软件的研发;④进行探测数据资料的深层次利用研究。 相似文献
622.
Mineralogy and Petrology - As a proxy of magmatic oxidation state, the accurate characterization of the Ce anomaly of zircon is of great significance since it can give important information for... 相似文献
623.
地下介质的电阻率常常表现为各向异性,海底褶皱带、逆冲断层带和倾斜层状沉积序列等地质构造可能形成宏观电阻率倾斜各向异性。这里采用规则矩形网格剖分有限元法,实现了二维电阻率倾斜各向异性海洋可控源电磁(CSEM)正演算法,模拟了二维电阻率倾斜各向异性模型海洋可控源电磁场响应。模型计算结果表明,电阻率倾斜各向异性围岩对含有海底高阻薄层的海洋可控源电磁响应产生严重畸变影响。因此,在海洋电磁资料解释中,电阻率倾斜各向异性的影响应该得到重视,忽略该影响将可能会导致数据解释错误。 相似文献
624.
班公湖-怒江洋早-中侏罗世洋内俯冲:来自洞错蛇绿岩的证据 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文在班公湖-怒江缝合带中段洞错蛇绿岩中新厘定一套洋内俯冲成因的岩石组合,岩性以橄榄岩、堆晶岩(包括堆晶辉长岩和斜长花岗岩)、辉长岩墙、枕状熔岩和辉绿岩脉等为主。堆晶辉长岩、辉长岩墙和辉绿岩脉锆石U-Pb测年显示,它们形成于中侏罗世(172～165Ma)。辉长岩墙和辉绿岩脉地球化学和锆石Lu-Hf同位素分析显示,它们兼具N-MORB和岛弧玄武岩地球化学特征,且均来自亏损地幔源区,形成过程中受到了俯冲流体的影响。结合区域上同时期的玻安岩、高镁安山岩和钙碱性岩浆岩等资料,我们得出班公湖-怒江缝合带内保存了一套相对完整的早-中侏罗世洋内弧岩石层序,记录了班公湖-怒江洋早-中侏罗世时期的洋内俯冲事件。早-中侏罗世是班公湖-怒江洋快速消减期,洋内俯冲和洋-陆俯冲同时存在。 相似文献
625.
太平洋板块中—新生代构造演化及板块重建 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
太平洋板块是一个中生代以来形成的地球上最大的大洋板块,但其起源机制、结构构造、构造演化等始终不清楚。太平洋板块内部的复杂性更是未受到重视,其内部的大火成岩省、海山链、微洋块、微陆块及其下部更深层地幔的微幔块都非常发育,这些复杂板内或板下构造代表的地球动力学含义亟待解决。文章基于最新的板块重建结果,试图分析其运动学过程,揭示太平洋板块形成与演化机制。研究表明,太平洋板块起源于RRR三节点,但不是一个纯粹的完整大洋板块,其增生演化过程经历了非威尔逊旋回模式,其板缘经历了一些外来微陆块或微洋块的并入,其内部也因各种原因出现了一些新生微洋块,总体表现为一个碎片化的镶嵌式板内格局。太平洋板块记录了与邻区板块相互作用的重要构造事件,大约55 Ma左右开始俯冲到东亚陆缘,导致东亚陆缘短暂的北西-南东向伸展,随后受印度-欧亚碰撞动力系统和太平洋俯冲动力系统联合控制,总体处于右行右阶的拉分背景,形成了一系列盆地群,俯冲后撤等逐渐形成了双俯冲系统。太平洋板块还记录了深浅部耦合过程,下地幔中的太平洋LLSVP通过遥相关对上部岩石圈微板块、大火成岩省分布具有决定性作用;火山链或热点揭示板块运动同时,也反映深浅部物质交换过程,海山群也揭示太平洋板块之下软流圈并非单一对流胞,其对流格局的多样性尚待深入研究。 相似文献
626.
《Ocean Modelling》2004,6(3-4):245-263
Astronomical data reveals that approximately 3.5 terawatts (TW) of tidal energy is dissipated in the ocean. Tidal models and satellite altimetry suggest that 1 TW of this energy is converted from the barotropic to internal tides in the deep ocean, predominantly around regions of rough topography such as mid-ocean ridges. A global tidal model is used to compute turbulent energy levels associated with the dissipation of internal tides, and the diapycnal mixing supported by this energy flux is computed using a simple parameterization.The mixing parameterization has been incorporated into a coarse resolution numerical model of the global ocean. This parameterization offers an energetically consistent and practical means of improving the representation of ocean mixing processes in climate models. Novel features of this implementation are that the model explicitly accounts for the tidal energy source for mixing, and that the mixing evolves both spatially and temporally with the model state. At equilibrium, the globally averaged diffusivity profile ranges from 0.3 cm2 s−1 at thermocline depths to 7.7 cm2 s−1 in the abyss with a depth average of 0.9 cm2 s−1, in close agreement with inferences from global balances. Water properties are strongly influenced by the combination of weak mixing in the main thermocline and enhanced mixing in the deep ocean. Climatological comparisons show that the parameterized mixing scheme results in a substantial reduction of temperature/salinity bias relative to model solutions with either a uniform vertical diffusivity of 0.9 cm2 s−1 or a horizontally uniform bottom-intensified arctangent mixing profile. This suggests that spatially varying bottom intensified mixing is an essential component of the balances required for the maintenance of the ocean’s abyssal stratification. 相似文献
627.
The mixing of seawater/hydrothermal fluid within the large seafloor hydrothermal sulfide deposits plays a key role in the
formation processes of the sulfide deposits. Some issues attract considerable attentions in the study of seafloor hydrothermal
system in recent years, such as the relationships among different types of vent fluids, the characteristics of chemical compositions
and mineral assemblages of the hydrothermal deposits and their governing factors. Combined with the measured data of hydrothermal
fluid in the TAG field, the thermodynamic model of mixing processes of the heated seawater at different temperatures and the
hydrothermal fluid is calculated to understand the precipitation mechanism of anhydrite and the genetic relationships between
the black and white smoker fluids within the TAG mound. The results indicate that the heating of seawater and the mixing of
hydrothermal fluid/seawater are largely responsible for anhydrite precipitation and the temperature of the heated seawater
is not higher than 150°C and the temperature of the end-member hydrothermal fluid is not lower than 400°C. Based on the simulated
results, the evolving patterns of fluids within the TAG deposit are discussed. The mixed fluid of the end-member hydrothermal
fluid and the seawater heated by wall rock undergoes conductive cooling during upflowing within the deposit and forms “White
Smoker” eventually. In addition, the end-member hydrothermal fluid without mixed with seawater, but undergoing conductive
cooling, vents out of the deposit and forms “Black Smoker”.
Supported by China Ocean Mineral Resources Research and Development Association Program (Grant No. DY115-02-1-01) and National
Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. G2000078503) 相似文献
628.
Due to their slow growth rates, seamount Co-rich crusts are very difficult to date with high resolution and precision. This
paper is to test the use of orbital pacing on the growth profile of crusts to determine high-resolution age and growth rate.
Crust CB14 from the central Pacific Ocean was selected for this study. We first examined the growth pattern in detail under
a reflected-light microscope and ascertained that the growth environment was stable for the sub-layer 1 (0–3 mm). We then
used electron microprobe line-scanning to obtain elemental profiles. The pattern of the power spectrum analysis of the Al-profile
revealed that there are significant cycles of 113.9, 87.8, 51.5, 42.2 and 25.8 μm. These cycles correspond to the Milankovitch
cycles of 53.1, 41, 24, 19.7 and 12 ka, respectively, and yield the growth rate of about 2.14 mm/Ma and an age of about 1.40
Ma for the boundary between the sub-layer 1 and sub-layer 2. We also used a drilling machine with a numerically controlled
drive to obtain high-resolution samples at 0.1mm intervals, and used the 230Thex/232Th method to date the samples. For the uppermost 1.3 mm, the growth rate was about 2.15 mm/Ma, and the age for the layer at
the depth of 3 mm was about 1.40 Ma, which coincides perfectly with the results obtained from orbital pacing. Thus, it is
considered that orbital pacing is a new and effective method to determine the growth rate of the seamount Co-rich crust. This
method is applicable for establishing a high-resolution age frame for the crusts of the world’s oceans.
Supported by China Ocean Mineral Resources R & P Association (Grant No. DY105-01-01-08) and National Natural Science Foundation
of China (Grant Nos. 40106005, 40476050) 相似文献
629.
HAN XiQiu QIU ZhongYan MA WeiLin & QIAN JiangChu Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences State Oceanic Administration Hangzhou China Second Institute of Oceanography 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2009,(4)
Due to their slow growth rates, seamount Co-rich crusts are very difficult to date with high resolution and precision. This paper is to test the use of orbital pacing on the growth profile of crusts to determine high-resolution age and growth rate. Crust CB14 from the central Pacific Ocean was selected for this study. We first examined the growth pattern in detail under a reflected-light microscope and ascertained that the growth environment was stable for the sub-layer 1 (0-3 mm). We then used electron mic... 相似文献
630.
近年来, 一种新的海底扩张模式引起了广大科学家的重视.它与一般的岩浆型洋中脊扩张不同, 属于一种非岩浆或贫岩浆的海底扩张方式, 扩张作用主要通过拆离断层的滑移来实现.拆离断层使下盘的深部洋壳或上地幔岩石出露到海底, 形成了大洋核杂岩, 通常表面呈现龟背似的波瓦状穹隆, 或称巨型窗棱构造.从拆离断层、大洋核杂岩等基本概念入手, 综述这种新型海底扩张模式的特征, 总结归纳大洋核杂岩的分布状况及识别手段, 探讨其地质意义以及对海底热液活动、成矿的积极影响. 相似文献