Water ecological function zoning in Heihe River Basin,Northwest China     

《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth》2016

Rapid urbanization coupled with increase in population growth rate in recent years has accelerated economic pressure on the ecological environment leading to a gradual deterioration of global and regional environment. This has particularly resulted into water contamination and shortage of water resources thus posing a great threat to human survival. How to guaranteeing sustainable use of basin water resources has attracted more and more attentions. The Heihe River Basin is the secondary longest river inland China and the significantly water source of Hexi Corridor, the problem of water pollution, ecological environment deterioration and the shortage of water has seriously threatened the ecological system of the Heihe River Basin. In this study, through depicting the characteristics of natural environment, human activities, water ecosystem services and other factors in Heihe River Basin we delineated the water ecological function in Heihe River using the principal components analysis and the K-means clustering method. In the study, Heihe River Basin is divided into 3 primary level areas and 8 secondary level sub-areas. Water ecological characteristics analysis showed that the spatial distribution of the water ecological function of Heihe River Basin was not uniform, which are mainly showed in three aspects, function of windproof and sand fixation, function of soil erosion prevention and function of water sources conservation. The results of this study can provide effective and scientific theoretical references for the integrated water sources management and the ecological function optimization of the Heihe River Basin.  相似文献   

空间分辨率对总初级生产力模拟结果差异的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王苗苗  周蕾  王绍强  汪小钦  孙雷刚 《地理研究》2016,35(4):617-626

利用模型分析气候变化对陆地生态系统功能的影响,是当前全球变化生态学的研究热点,然而模型模拟不确定性来源之一就是空间异质性的问题。空间异质性是尺度的函数,基于气象和遥感数据驱动的生态系统过程模型（BEPS模型）,分别模拟2003-2005年中国生态系统通量观测与研究网络（ChinaFLUX）长白山站、千烟洲站、海北站及当雄站在1 km和8 km空间分辨率下的总初级生产力（GPP）的时间动态变化,并结合土地覆盖类型及叶面积指数(LAI)的差异,探讨两种空间分辨率输入数据对GPP模拟结果的影响。结果表明：① 差异性主要是由于8 km范围内混合像元导致LAI的不同,4个站点月均差异值分别为0.85、1.60、0.13及0.04;② 两种空间分辨率均能较好地反映各站点GPP的季节动态变化,与GPP观测值的相关性R²为0.79~0.97 (1 km)、0.69~0.97(8 km),月均差异值为11.46~29.65 gC/m²/month (1 km)、11.87~24.81 gC/m²/month (8 km);③ 4个通量站点在两种空间分辨率下的GPP月均差异值分别为14.43,12.05,4.79,3.22 gC/m²/month,不同空间分辨率的模拟结果在森林站的差异大于草地站,且生长季的差异大于非生长季。因此,模型在模拟大尺度、长时间序列GPP时,为了提高模型模拟效率,适度降低空间分辨率是可行的,但应尽量减小低空间分辨率对于森林生态系统以及生长季GPP模拟上的误差。  相似文献   

Interelement relationships and age-related variation of trace element concentrations in liver of striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) from Japanese coastal waters     

《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(6-12):807-815

Concentrations of 19 trace elements (V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, Cs, Ba, Tl, Hg, and Pb) were determined in the liver of the striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) collected around Japan during 1977–1982 to examine the sex difference, age dependence, and interrelationships among trace elements. Tissue distribution of trace elements was also investigated in one adult and one fetus specimens. Generally, concentrations of Se, Sr, Ag, Cd, Cs, Ba, Hg, and Pb were higher in the tissues of adult than those of fetus, whereas the opposite trend was observed for Cr and Tl. There were no significant sex differences in the trace element levels in the liver. Significant positive correlations between age (0–26.5 years) and hepatic concentrations were found for Ag, Se, Hg, V, Fe, Pb, and Sr, suggesting their age-dependent accumulation in the liver. In contrast, hepatic concentrations of Mn and Zn decreased with age. Significant positive relationships were observed between Se, and Hg, Ag, V, Fe, and Sr in the liver.  相似文献   

Object-oriented classification of very high resolution airborne imagery for the extraction of hedgerows and field margin cover in agricultural areas     

Kevin Tansey  Ian Chambers  Andrew Anstee  Anthony Denniss  Alistair Lamb 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2009,29(2):145-157

The recent advancement in technology for the airborne collection and subsequent processing and analysis of digital remotely sensed data has been significant. An investigation into the contributions that recent developments have made to the assessment and extraction of hedgerow and field margins is presented. Research into the active legislation by which hedgerows and agricultural biodiversity in England are bound is brought together in the concept of an ideal classification. Using Leica Geosystems ADS40 data, collected for Berkshire (UK), the degree to which the ideal classification can be reached is investigated, focusing on the extraction of hedgerows and unploughed field margin protective boundary strips as image objects. Elevation data were derived from the ADS40 imagery data to accompany true-colour and colour-infrared spectral information. By buffering the detected hedgerow objects in a GIS, we facilitated an investigation of the presence of measures that satisfy the minimum hedgerow protection requirements stipulated by the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA). In our study area, it was estimated that 68% of areas that need to be classified as ‘grassy hedgerow boundary strip’ to satisfy the minimum requirements of the legislation were established with low-lying grassy cover before the introduction of the legislation in July 2005. The implications of this research for the development of automated classification methods for field scale agricultural mapping are discussed.  相似文献   

Soil,grain and water chemistry in relation to human selenium-responsive diseases in Enshi District,China     

《Applied Geochemistry》2000,15(1):117-132

Selenium deficiency (Keshan Disease) and toxicity diseases in humans occur within 20 km of each other in Enshi District in China and have been linked to environmental levels of Se. Low concentrations of Se are associated with Jurassic siltstones and sandstones, whereas high concentrations occur in areas underlain by Permian carbonaceous strata. Although these broad relationships between Se in the environment and the human population have been established previously, not all villages underlain by the carbonaceous strata suffer Se toxicity problems and the precise controls on Se distribution and availability have not been quantified. In the present study, soil, grain, drinking water and human hair samples are examined to determine the controls on Se availability in 3 Se environments in Enshi District. Five low-Se and Keshan Disease villages, 5 high-Se and no toxicity villages and 5 high-Se and toxicity villages were selected for the study. Results show that the majority of samples in the low-Se villages are deficient or marginal in Se, and that Se availability to plants is inhibited by adsorption onto organic matter and Fe oxyhydroxides in soil. Therefore, remediation strategies involving the application of Se fertiliser direct to the soil may not increase plant Se levels as expected. In the high-Se villages, localised lithological variations result in considerable ranges in Se concentrations in all sample types. Deficient and excessive levels of Se are recorded in samples from the same village. Selenium bioavailability in the high-Se toxicity villages is controlled by the total soil Se concentration and pH. A greater proportion of the Se is plant available in villages where the carbonaceous strata are interbedded with limestone. Villagers should be advised to avoid planting crops in these areas if possible.  相似文献   

Periglacial geomorphology of the Appalachian highlands and interior highlands south of the glacial border — A review     

《Geomorphology》1988,1(3):191-220

Many features reported in the Appalachian region have been assigned a paleoperiglacial origin based on field relationships and their similarities with analogs active in present day actuoperiglacial environments. These forms include, but are not limited to, sorted and nonsorted varieties of patterned ground, grèzes litées, block fields, block slopes, and block streams, cryoplanation terraces, and hillslope and river terrace landscapes. Although very small-scale features (generally less than 1 m in plan or section dimension) and some larger forms on steep hillslopes are known to be at least sporadically active today, the large-scale features discussed here are interpreted as either inactive or truly fossil periglacial phenomena. Thus they hav implications for paleoclimatic reconstruction and significance as indicators of relative landscape stability since the time(s) of their development. This paper briefly reviews the historical dimension of early researchs' work, present selected examples of recent results, and gives authors' conclusions.  相似文献   

南海北部水合物富集区水道特征对比与成因分析     

付超  于兴河  董亦思  何玉林  梁金强  匡增桂 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(3):103-113

天然气水合物作为现今乃至未来的重要清洁能源之一,其沉积环境和成矿条件的研究一直是国内外地质学家关注的热点问题,我国2007年、2013年及2015年已先后在神狐、和东沙海域多次成功钻获了天然气水合物实物样品。由此南海北部陆坡成为探讨天然气水合物沉积成因与成矿条件的重要试验区。然而,南海北部陆坡区的神狐、东沙及琼东南三个海域均有不同程度的天然气水合物发现,其各自的水深、沉积特征、气源成因及水合物成矿条件各有特点。本文利用地震沉积学原理,结合不同沉积相和沉积演化和古地貌、海平面变化和构造运动等因素,识别出不同类型的地震相。通过对比南海北部陆坡区域的水道系统的MTDs,认为其发育位置、展布和控制因素的不同影响了沉积展布。其中东沙区域位于近物源的上陆坡,神狐区域位于正常的缓陆坡区域,琼东南区域位于远离物源的海底平原区域。并且,水道系统可以分成侵蚀型,侵蚀-加积型和加积型,MTDs也可以分成头部拉张型,中部过渡型和趾部挤压型。  相似文献   

基于无人机多源遥感数据海岛植被叶面积指数协同反演研究          下载免费PDF全文

吴剑  陈鹏  傅世锋  陈庆辉  潘翔  宋志晓 《海洋技术学报》2019,38(6):1-8

无人机多源遥感数据的获取、融合以及应用是当今研究的热点和难点。文中以城洲岛为例,针对海岛特殊的地理生态环境,获取无人机多源遥感数据。结合无人机多光谱遥感数据定量分析各遥感植被指数与植被叶面积指数(Leaf Area Index, LAI)的响应关系,构建单因子遥感反演模型;基于无人机激光LiDAR点云提取海岛植被冠层高度模型(Canopy Height Model,CHM),并将其作为自变量引入到多源统计回归分析中,从而构建多源遥感数据协同反演模型,对区域尺度下海岛叶面积指数(LAI)进行估算,开展验证和精度评价。结果显示,加入植被冠层高度因子的协同反演模型的判定系数R2为0.92,绝对平均误差系数为12.29%,预测精度要优于单因子反演模型(判定次数R2为0.86,绝对平均误差系数19.95%)。研究表明,加入了植被冠层高度因子的协同反演模型能在一定程度上提高乔木植被LAI的预测精度。实践证明,无人机多源遥感技术在生态学定量研究中具有巨大的潜力和广阔的应用前景。  相似文献   

Geochemical features of felsic magmatism on the northwestern flank of the Khingan-Okhotsk volcanoplutonic belt: Ezop and Yam-Alin zones     

I. M. Derbeko  A. A. Sorokin  S. G. Agafonenko 《Russian Journal of Pacific Geology》2008,2(1):54-63

The Ezop-Yam-Alin zone was studied with emphasis on the geology, composition, and age of its felsic volcanic and intrusive rocks. All these rocks are moderately enriched in Rb (84–268 ppm), Ba (240–881 ppm), Th (10.5–17.9 ppm), and REE and depleted in Nb (5–12 ppm), Ta (0.5–1.2 ppm), and Zr (92–175 ppm). The age dates obtained by U-Pb (94.8 ± 2.2 Ma) and Rb-Sr (95.2 ± 0.69 Ma) methods for the granites of the Ezop Complex correspond to the Cenomanian.  相似文献   

Changes in fishing behaviour of two fleets under fully documented catch quota management: Same rules,different outcomes     

《Marine Policy》2016

A Dutch pilot study of fully documented fisheries provided the opportunity to observe actual changes in fishing behaviour under catch quota management (CQM). Interviews with fishers in the pilot study aided in interpreting the results and giving insight in the decision making process and reasoning of fishers. The CQM pilot study entailed a fleet of small and large demersal vessels. For these vessels, all cod catches were counted against quota, including catches of individuals below minimum landings size. To obtain reliable catch data all vessels were equipped with electronic monitoring (EM) systems. These systems recorded videos of all fishing and processing activities on board. In return, fishers received a 30% quota bonus for cod and were compensated with more flexibility on effort regulations. It was hypothesized that vessels in the CQM will (i) increase their landings by 30% according to their quota bonus, (ii) increase the use of gear with large mesh size, and (iii) change effort towards fishing locations with high catch rates of large cod and avoid areas with high catch rates of undersized cod. The results showed that CQM had no effect on fishing behaviour of the small vessels. In contrast, large vessels significantly increased their cod landings (216%) and avoided undersized cod. This difference in response of different fleets suggested that implementation of CQM, for instance in the context of the European Common Fisheries Policy, should consider fleet characteristics. It seemed that larger vessels in this study more easily adapted their behaviour to new management regimes and that the quota bonus opened up new fishing strategies, that were not envisaged during the implementation.  相似文献