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《Applied Geochemistry》1998,13(8):I

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Scouring of a granular bed by dam break: Experimental study and numerical simulation by a VOF-LPT coupling     

Quyen Thi Le Nguyen  Viet Dung Nguyen  Patrice Coorevits 《国际泥沙研究》2023,38(3):432-445

The first part of the research reported here consists of an experimental campaign to study the scouring of a granular bed(glass beads, sand) induced by a dam break in an open channel. Two configurations are considered: with and without cylinders. In the second part of this study, the volume of fluid method coupled with the shear stress transport turbulent model and the lagrangian particle tracking method is used to simulate the local scour processes. The four-way coupling is realized by consider...  相似文献   

金佛山世界遗产地岩溶地下河系统硝酸盐来源与转化     

明晓星  杨平恒  谢世友  盛婷  罗丹 《湖泊科学》2019,31(5):1299-1309

地下水硝酸盐污染已成为一个普遍的环境问题.为研究重庆金佛山水房泉岩溶地下河系统的硝酸盐来源与转化,于2017年4-10月每24 d左右对地下河系统内的某酒店自来水、化粪池、1^#落水洞、水房泉4个采样点开展监测,进行水化学和δ¹⁵N_nitrate、δ¹⁸O_nitrate同位素分析.某酒店污水经化粪池处理后,由1^#落水洞排入地下河,最后在水房泉排泄.结果表明：①水房泉NO₃^-浓度范围为4.65~10.20 mg/L,相对于我国生活饮用水标准处于较低水平;化粪池、1^#落水洞、水房泉3个采样点电导率和NO₃^-、Cl^-浓度的高值期与游客人数增多对应关系较好.②某酒店自来水δ¹⁵N_nitrate值为3.7‰~5.8‰、δ¹⁸O_nitrate值为1.6‰~2.7‰,说明硝酸盐主要来源为土壤有机氮,处于自然背景值;1^#落水洞δ¹⁵N_nitrate值为14.4‰~21.1‰、δ¹⁸O_nitrate值为3.5‰~11.2‰,显示硝酸盐主要来源为粪肥污水;化粪池和水房泉的δ¹⁵N_nitrate值为3.7‰~17.0‰、δ¹⁸O_nitrate值为-9.0‰~7.3‰,表明硝酸盐主要来源为土壤有机氮与粪肥污水,显示其硝酸盐主要污染源是酒店生活废污水.③某酒店自来水、水房泉地下水的硝酸盐转化过程以同化作用为主;化粪池污水以硝化作用为主,是岩溶地下河系统硝酸盐的重要来源之一;1^#落水洞污水表现为反硝化作用.④基于SIAR模型对水房泉的硝酸盐来源进行定量解析,发现大气降水、土壤有机氮和粪肥污水的贡献率分别为28%、36%和36%左右.  相似文献   

青藏高原东缘九寨沟高寒钙华分类与命名   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王富东  赵学钦  董发勤  ENRICO Capezzuoli  Alexander I.Malov  杜杰 《中国岩溶》2021,40(1):112-124

九寨沟钙华景观不仅有着独特的旅游与美学价值,在古气候、古灾害、古地震/活动构造、高原隆升以及人类世等研究中也能提供重要的地质档案.无论从旅游与科普的角度,还是从科学研究出发,开展钙华分类研究必然是前提、也是基础.基于地球系统科学理论,从物质来源到沉积环境,分析了无机和有机对钙华沉积的控制因素,按照相(分为亚相、微相)、...  相似文献   

黑潮延伸体区域脱落涡旋的三维合成结构研究     

丁雅楠  靖春生 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(3):25-35

Using AVISO satellite altimeter observations during 1993–2015 and a manual eddy detection method, a total of 276 anticyclonic rings and 242 cyclonic rings shed from the Kuroshio Extension(KE) were identified, and their three-dimensional(3D) anomaly structures were further reconstructd based on the Argo float data and the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology(JAMSTEC) cruise and buoy data through an interpolation method. It is found that the cyclonic(anticyclonic) rings presented consistent negative(positive) anomalies of potential temperature;meanwhile the relevant maximum anomaly center became increasingly shallow for the cyclonic rings whereas it went deeper for the anticyclonic rings as the potential temperature anomaly decreased from the west to the east. The above deepening or shoaling trend is associated with the zonal change of the depth of the main thermocline. Moreover, the composite cold ring between 140° and 150°E was found to exhibit a double-core vertical structure due to the existence of mode water with low potential vorticity. Specifically, a relatively large negative(positive) salinity anomaly and a small positive(negative) one appeared for the composite cyclonic(anticyclonic) ring at the depth above and below 600 m, respectively. The underlying driving force for the temperature and salinity anomaly of the composite rings was also attempted, which varies depending on the intensity of the background current and the temperature and salinity fields in different areas of the KE region, and the rings’ influences on the temperature and salinity could reach deeper than 1 000 m on average.  相似文献   

天鹅洲长江段浮游植物群落季节演替及环境因子研究     

胡俊  龚成  夏纬  池仕运  陈明秀  李嗣新 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(1):70-77

通过研究长江天鹅洲白鱀豚国家级自然保护区长江段浮游动植物群落组成及其与环境因子之间的关系,揭示长江干流浮游植物群落的结构特征,以期为该区域生态系统保护与研究工作提供基础资料和科学依据。2014—2015年按季节分四次在干流沿途设置的10个采样点开展了浮游植物调查,并同步开展水温、溶解氧、总磷等水质因子监测,并采用典范对应分析(canonical correspondence analysis,CCA)研究了不同季节浮游植物群落结构变化及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明:浮游植物种类以硅藻、绿藻和蓝藻为主;全年来看生物量组成主要是硅藻和隐藻,不过春秋季时蓝绿藻密度组成占优。CCA分析则进一步显示浮游植物群落组成四季变化明显,其中磷酸盐、溶解氧和氧化还原位等水质因子对春季浮游植物群落结构存在显著的影响,但是夏冬季的浮游植物群落变化则可能是水文情势等条件起到了重要作用。  相似文献   

Two new species of medusae (Cnidaria) from the coastal waters of the northern Beibu Gulf     

Xiaoyin Chen  Yanyan Yang  Yanguo Wang  Zhenzu Xu  Mao Lin  Chunguang Wang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(12):82-89

Medusae in 116 samples collected from the coastal waters of the northern Beibu Gulf during four seasonal oceanographic cruises from October 2017 to August 2018 were analyzed. In total, 34 species were identified. Two of the species are new to science, Proboscidactyla pentacanalis Xu, Chen & Yang sp. nov. and Helgicirrha apapillata Xu, Chen & Wang sp. nov., and three species are newly recorded in the Beibu Gulf, i.e., Hydractinia vacuolata Xu & Huang, 2006, Proboscidactyla flavicirrata Brandnt, 1834 and Phialella macrogona Xu, Huang & Wang, 1985. Collections of the species were deposited at the Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources.  相似文献   

不同对流层模型对机载精密单点定位的影响分析          下载免费PDF全文

董建权  郭将  栗广才  罗锋 《全球定位系统》2022,47(6):9

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陆地表层系统分类研究进展——从土地类型到地球关键带类型   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李晓亮  吴克宁  冯喆  白羽萍  刘亚男  李潇 《地理科学进展》2022,41(3):531-540

陆地表层系统是多圈层相互作用下形成的综合体,具有时空异质性和层次性。对陆地表层系统进行多层级类型划分是识别其空间分异格局和演替规律的重要方法,可为多尺度地球科学系统研究和自然资源统一管理提供科学依据。陆地表层系统分类其实质是在特定尺度下对其组成要素间的空间和关系的划分,故土地类型、地表基质、关键带类型等都可归纳为陆地表层系统分类方案。论文在对国内外典型陆地表层系统分类方案进行梳理的基础上,将陆地表层系统分类总结为探索—发展—完善3个发展阶段。继而,对比了各分类体系内涵,提出各分类体系虽分属不同学派,但均是以陆地表层系统为研究对象,是研究陆地表层系统结构、功能和空间分异的方法论;分析了各分类体系结构的异同,总结了各分类体系在层级、比例尺和要素方面的共同特征。在此基础上,提出构建一套从地块到国家的陆地表层系统分类设想,并对等级体系、分类体系及分类方法集成3个方面进行了展望。  相似文献   

Does outmigration lead to land degradation? Labour shortage and land management in a western Nepal watershed     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2015

In Nepal, changing demographic patterns are leading to changes in land use. The high level of outmigration of men in the hills of Kaski District, Western Development Region of Nepal, is affecting the household structure but also land management. Land is often abandoned, as the burden on those left behind is too high. How do these developments affect the state of the land in terms of land degradation? To find out, we studied land degradation, land abandonment caused by outmigration, and existing sustainable land management practices in a subwatershed in Kaski District. Mapping was done using the methodology of the World Overview of Conservation Approaches and Technologies (WOCAT). While previous studies expected land abandonment to exacerbate slope erosion, we demonstrate in this paper that it is in fact leading to an increase in vegetation cover due to favourable conditions for ecosystem recovery. However, negative impacts are several, including the increase of invasive species harmful to livestock and a decline in soil fertility. Traditional land management practices such as terraces and forest management exist. To date, however, these measures fail to take account of the changing population dynamics in the region, making the question of how migration and land degradation are linked worth revisiting.  相似文献