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91.
Extensive organic-matter (OM) rich facies (black shales) occur in the Ordo-Silurian boundary successions in the Yangtze area, South China. To investigate the redox changes of the Yangtze Sea during the Ordo-Silurian transition, two OM sections (Wangjiawan in Yichang, Hubei Province, and Sanjiaguan in Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province) straddling the Ordo-Silurian boundary are studied. The measurements finished in this study include contents of the total organic carbon (TOC), pyrite sulphur, and different species of Fe, including dithionite-extractable Fe (FED), pyrite Fe (FeP), HCl-extractable Fe (FeH), and total Fe (FeT), in black shales, as well as other redox proxies, such as the SIC ratio, the ratio between highly reactive Fe (FeHR = FeD + FeP) and FeT, and the FeP/(FeP + FeH) ratio, known as the degree of pyritization (DOP). In the Wangjiawan section, the Middle Ashgill sediments have high FeHR/FeT ratios (0.20-0.77; avg. 0.45), high DOP values (0.21-0.72; avg. 0.54), and a relatively constant sulfur content independent of the organic carbon content. By the contrast, the mid-early Hirnantian deposits generally have low FeHR/FeT ratios (0.10-0.35; avg. 0.21), low DOP values (0.11- 0.40; avg. 0.28), and SIC values are clustering on the normal marine value (SIC = 0.36). The late Hirnantian and early Rhuddanian deposits, similar to those of the Middle Ashgill deposits, are characterized by high FeHR/FeT ratios (0.32-0.49; avg. 0.41), high DOP values (0.46-0.68; avg. 0.53) and fairly constant sulfur contents. These data suggest the occurrences of marine anoxia on the Yangtze Sea shelf during intervals of the Mid Ashgill, Late Hirnantian and Early Rhuddanian, and ventilated and oxygenated marine conditions during the mid-early Hirnantian time. The mid-early Hirnantian ventilated event was concomitant with the global glacial period, likely resulted from the glacio-eustatic sea-level fall and subsequent circulation of cold, dense oxygenated waters 相似文献
92.
The ionospheric eclipse factor method (IEFM) and its application to determining the ionospheric delay for GPS 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
A new method for modeling the ionospheric delay using global positioning system (GPS) data is proposed, called the ionospheric
eclipse factor method (IEFM). It is based on establishing a concept referred to as the ionospheric eclipse factor (IEF) λ
of the ionospheric pierce point (IPP) and the IEF’s influence factor (IFF) . The IEF can be used to make a relatively precise distinction between ionospheric daytime and nighttime, whereas the IFF
is advantageous for describing the IEF’s variations with day, month, season and year, associated with seasonal variations
of total electron content (TEC) of the ionosphere. By combining λ and with the local time t of IPP, the IEFM has the ability to precisely distinguish between ionospheric daytime and nighttime, as well as efficiently
combine them during different seasons or months over a year at the IPP. The IEFM-based ionospheric delay estimates are validated
by combining an absolute positioning mode with several ionospheric delay correction models or algorithms, using GPS data at
an international Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) service (IGS) station (WTZR). Our results indicate that the IEFM
may further improve ionospheric delay modeling using GPS data. 相似文献
93.
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95.
线性最小二乘估计在对非线性函数进行线性近似的过程中会产生模型误差,而一些非线性参数估计方法可能因为函数复杂而难以求导,法方程系数矩阵秩亏或呈病态矩阵时难以求解,非线性迭代解法有时对初始值的选择存在依赖性,不恰当的初始值会导致迭代无法收敛。针对这些问题,引入了模拟退火算法,介绍了该算法的基本原理、计算步骤和收敛性,并以3个控制网平差应用为例,说明该算法具有无需求导求逆,简洁实用,易于编程等优势,并能实现全局优化,获得高精度的平差结果。 相似文献
96.
97.
Wenbin Shen Jin Li Jiancheng Li Zhengtao Wang Jinsheng Ning Dingbo Chao 《地球空间信息科学学报》2008,11(4):273-278
Given the second radial derivative Vrr(P) |δs of the Earth's gravitational potential V(P) on the surface δS corresponding to the satellite altitude, by using the fictitious compress recovery method, a fictitious regular harmonic field rrVrr(P)^* and a fictitious second radial gradient field V:(P) in the domain outside an inner sphere Ki can be determined, which coincides with the real field V(P) in the domain outside the Earth. Vrr^*(P)could be further expressed as a uniformly convergent expansion series in the domain outside the inner sphere, because rrV(P)^* could be expressed as a uniformly convergent spherical harmonic expansion series due to its regularity and harmony in that domain. In another aspect, the fictitious field V^*(P) defined in the domain outside the inner sphere, which coincides with the real field V(P) in the domain outside the Earth, could be also expressed as a spherical harmonic expansion series. Then, the harmonic coefficients contained in the series expressing V^*(P) can be determined, and consequently the real field V(P) is recovered. Preliminary simulation calculations show that the second radial gradient field Vrr(P) could be recovered based only on the second radial derivative V(P)|δs given on the satellite boundary. Concerning the final recovery of the potential field V(P) based only on the boundary value Vrr (P)|δs, the simulation tests are still in process. 相似文献
98.
海底泉在滨海地下水排泄过程中起着重要的作用。本文给出了含有一个海底泉的在海底延伸的越流承压含水层系统中地下水水头在海潮作用下波动的近似解析解。该含水层顶底板隔水且向海底延伸有限距离。假设含水层的海底露头被一层隔水层覆盖,海底泉由一个渗透性很好的完全穿透海底含水层硕板的圆柱体渗漏天窗(海底泉孔)来表示。近似解析解中包含了6个参数:承压含水层的海潮传播参数,海底泉孔中心到海岸线的距离,表示泉的圆柱体的等效半径,海底泉孔中心到含水层海底露头处的距离,承压含水层的海潮载荷效率和弱透水层的越流。分析表明,如果海底泉孔中心到海岸线的距离远大于泉孔的等效半径,且海底泉孔中心到含水层海底露头处的距离远大于泉孔的等效半径时,解析解的近似误差可以忽略。然后本文讨论了解析解的两个基本性质,分析了海底泉对海底地下水水头波动的影响。 相似文献
99.
By using sonar imaging, this paper presents a new algorithm for the clustering of seabed types based on the self-organizing feature maps (SOFM) neural network. The theory as well as data processing is studied in detail. Some valuable conclusions and suggestions are given 相似文献
100.
三峡水库区兴山后坝滑坡成因分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
文章通过对三峡水库区兴山后坝滑坡的地质、结构及变形特征研究以及稳定性分析,阐明了该滑坡成因和影响因素。研究发现,滑坡活动主要受地形地貌、地层岩性、人类工程活动以及降雨等因素的影响。运用剩余推力法对比分析天然及暴雨条件下不同层位的滑坡稳定性系数,得出在暴雨作用下滑坡表层滑带稳定性系数最小,不同滑带的稳定性受降雨的影响也各不相同,呈表层〉浅层〉深层的规律;这主要受滑带土的粘土矿物组分的影响。 相似文献