Fine-sediment transport associated with cold-front passages on the shallow shelf,Gulf of Mexico     

《Continental Shelf Research》2006,26(17-18):2073-2091

The eastern part of the chenier plain of the Louisiana coast has been prograding seaward over the last few decades while much of the rest of the Louisiana coast is experiencing high erosion rates. The source of sediment is the Atchafalaya River, which has been delivering sediment to the coastal ocean since the 1940s. Researchers have suggested that the repeated passage of cold fronts during winter and early spring plays an important role in delivering sediment to the coast. A sediment-transport study on the Atchafalaya coast was conducted between October 1997 and March 2001, which included several field experiments in early March, the period of high discharge from the Atchafalaya and frequent cold-front activity. A combination of shipboard profiling and time-series measurements from a bottom tripod and array of wave sensors on the inner shelf has resulted in a data set that illustrates the mechanism of onshore transport. For a cold-front passage sampled in 2001, during pre-front conditions, sediment is resuspended and mixed throughout the water column, with transport rates onshore and to the west of 53 and 184 g s⁻¹ m⁻¹, respectively. Post-front conditions also result in onshore transport due to onshore flow (upwelling) in the lower meter of the water column and formation of a high-concentration bottom layer. Post-front onshore transport rates are 32 g s⁻¹ m⁻¹ and most of the transport occurs in the bottom meter of the water column. The repeated cycling of cold-front passages leads to a positive feedback with transport onshore during both pre- and post-front conditions, and effective attenuation of wave energy over the muddy inner shelf inhibits erosion at the coast. Thus, the chenier-plain coast is experiencing high progradation rates (up to 29 m yr⁻¹), while most of the Gulf coast is eroding.  相似文献   

Cooling history and tectonic exhumation stages of the south-central Tibetan Plateau (China): Constrained by 40Ar/39Ar and apatite fission track thermochronology     

《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2007,29(2-3):266-282

Between the Qiangtang Block and Yalung-Zangpo Suture Zone in the south-central Tibetan Plateau, the following geological units and suture zones have been identified from south to north: the Gangdese Granitic Belt, the Lhasa Block, the Nyainqentanghla Shear Zone, the Dangxiong–Sangxiong Tectono-granitic Belt and the Bangong–Nujiang Suture Zone. To better constrain the tectonic evolution and cooling histories of these units, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar muscovite, biotite and K-feldspar, as well as apatite fission track dating and thermochronological analysis have been carried out. The analytical results indicate that the south-central Tibetan Plateau, with the exception of the Nyainqentanghla Shear Zone, provides a record of three cooling stages at 165–150, 130–110 and ∼45–35 Ma. Fission-track data modelling also indicates that the stages of cooling were different in the different tectonic belts or blocks. Very different cooling phases occurred in the south-central Tibetan Plateau, compared with southern Tibet, as well as along the Yalung–Zangpo Suture Zone. There is no thermochronological evidence to indicate that the south-central part of Tibetan Plateau was influenced by the underthrusting of Indian Plate.The three-stage cooling history and the stages of tectonic exhumation were controlled completely by the closure of the Bangong–Nujiang Suture Zone along its eastern segment during Middle–Late Jurassic (165–150 Ma) and its western segment in the Early–Late Cretaceous (130–110 Ma), as well as by the collision between the Indian and Asian plates in the Paleogene (45–35 Ma).  相似文献   

Displacement and timing of left-lateral faulting in the Kunlun Fault Zone,northern Tibet,inferred from geologic and geomorphic features     

《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2007,29(2-3):253-265

The E-W to WNW-ESE striking Kunlun Fault Zone, extending about 1600 km, is one of the large strike-slip faults in the northern Tibet, China. As a major strike-slip fault, it plays an important role on the extrusion of Tibet Plateau in accommodating northeastward shortening caused by the India-Asia convergence. However, the time of initiation left-lateral faulting of the Kunlun Fault Zone is still largely debated, ranging from the Middle to Late Triassic (240–200 Ma) to early Quaternary (2 Ma). We document displaced basement rocks and geomorphic features along the Kunlun Fault Zone, based on tectono-geomorphic interpretation of satellite remote sensing images and field geologic and geomorphic observations. Our results show that the largest cumulative offset of basement rocks is likely to be 100 ± 20 km. Meanwhile, a series of pull-apart basins (Kusai, Xiugou and Tuosu lake basins) and pressure ridges (East Deshuiwai and Maji Snow Mountains), each 45–70 km long and ∼8–12 km wide, are developed along the Kunlun Fault Zone, which resulted from long-term tectono-geomorphic growth since the Late Miocene or Early Pliocene. Geologic evidence indicates that the Kunlun Fault Zone had a long-term slip rate of ca.10 mm/yr during the late Quaternary. This slip rate is similar to that shown by present-day GPS measurements. Thus, we estimate that the Kunlun Fault Zone probably began left-lateral faulting at 10 ± 2 Ma based on a total displacement of 100 ± 20 km, and assuming a constant long-term slip rate of ca.10 mm/yr for several millions of years. And this timing constraint on initiation of left-lateral faulting of the Kunlun Fault Zone is consistent with widespread tectonic deformation which occurred in the Tibetan Plateau.  相似文献   

某边坡变形破坏机理的数值分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

黄建南  叶明理 《工程地质学报》2007,15(6):779-783

某花岗岩矿岩土体主要有填土、粉质粘土、淤泥及淤泥质土、含泥中粗砂、粘土、残积砂质粘土,其下为花岗岩基岩。边坡最大高度75m,其中残积土层以上的土质边坡高度约50m。本文运用有限元强度折减法对该边坡的稳定性进行了研究,得出了潜在的破坏模式及各个滑动部分的安全系数。分析结果表明,本边坡存在3个潜在滑动面,其中两个为浅层滑动面,另一个为深层滑动面。两个浅层滑动面的稳定系数在1.13～1.17,处于临界状态。深层滑动面稳定性系数在1.29,目前尚处在相对稳定状态。根据分析结果,提出了如下加固措施:（1）对滑坡体进行削坡处理;（2）在其滑动面下方设置抗滑台阶;（3）采用预应力锚索框架梁结合肋柱进行加固处理。  相似文献   

动载作用下淤泥质软土流变模型与流变方程   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  

胡华 《岩土力学》2007,28(2):237-240

淤泥质软土在动态载荷作用下具有黏弹塑性流变力学特性。在理论分析和测试基础上，建立了黏弹塑性流变力学模型，并推导了新的流变方程和动态黏弹性流变参数。研究结论对分析动态载荷作用下软土流变力学响应与稳定性，探索软土加速流变并导致岩土地质灾害的动力学机制等具有重要的理论意义，对维护岩土工程的安全性等具有重要的工程意义。  相似文献   

多普勒雷达探测“艾利”台风风场不对称结构   总被引：12，自引：3，他引：12       下载免费PDF全文

魏应植汤达章  许健民吴陈锋 《应用气象学报》2007,18(3):285-294

2004年8月25日, “艾利”台风在靠近我国台湾东北部海域后不同于正常路径, 先后发生两次左折, 先是西北转偏西, 再偏西转西南, 这种路径在历史上极为罕见。通过“艾利”台风的雷达观测事实, 从单多普勒雷达和双多普勒雷达均发现在台风前进方向的右前方, 即西北象限风速极值大于其他象限, 进一步证明了“艾利”台风的风场分布遵循波数为1的非对称性, 从位于台风不同象限的福州长乐和厦门两站雷达资料, 以及常规的地面观测、高空探测资料和NCEP数值预报再分析资料都得到证实。研究表明, “艾利”台风处在大陆高压东南侧, 台风外围存在一支7 m/s左右的环境风场引导气流。因此, 西北象限风速极值大于其他象限的不对称分布可能是由环境风场和台风本身两方面共同造成的, 这种不对称分布有利于维持“艾利”台风向西南方向移动。在我国东南沿海地区, 由于单部多普勒雷达不可能同时探测到台风的西北、东北和西南3个象限的风速极值, 而双多普勒雷达或多多普勒雷达联合探测台风, 则可以同时探测到3个象限的风速极值, 根据风速极值可能存在的不对称分布情况来预测台风的路径转折趋势, 因此重视双多普勒雷达或多多普勒雷达联合探测对于提高监测预报水平具有重要的意义。  相似文献   

基于NDVI背景场的雪盖制图算法探索   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

梁继  张新焕  王建 《遥感学报》2007,11(1):85-93

NDSI算法提取MSS雪盖面积时,受到MSS影像缺少短波红外波段的局限。为充分精确提取MSS影像的雪盖面积,本文探索一种以NDVI为背景场的雪盖制图新思路。该方法首先在辐射校正时利用6S模型反演地表反射率,然后根据各地物的光谱特性差异和NDVI特性差异,在ENVI软件SPECTRAL模块中创建冰雪光谱阈值查找表。通过ETM＋和TM影像的三个例证,详细阐明该算法流程以及查找表的创建,并以NDSI对其雪盖制图进行精度验证。结果一致表明,与常规的分类方法（最大似然法）相比较,本文探索的NDVI背景场算法有更高的总体精度和Kappa系数。  相似文献   

极地产适冷脂肪酶菌株的酶学性质研究     

陈兴麟  翁金樑  曾润颖  刘光明 《台湾海峡》2010,29(1):12-19

从南北极环境样品中分离到7株产脂肪酶的细菌，经16SrDNA序列分析表明，这些细菌分别属于假交替单胞菌属（Pseudoalteromonas）和嗜冷杆菌属（Psychrobacter）．采用p-NPP法对这7株细菌所产的脂肪酶进行酶学性质研究，结果显示这些酶的最适作用温度在30～40cC、最适作用pH值在7—8之间，在低温下能保持较高的剩余活力，对热敏感，属于适冷脂肪酶．其中假交替单胞菌（Psychrobacter sp．7342）所产脂肪酶具有低温下酶的剩余活力高、有效作用温度和pH范围广、热稳定性较好及对多种金属离子抗性强等特点．该菌株能利用多种单一氮源和碳源产酶，最适产酶温度为25℃．在此基础上进行正交实验分析得到了该菌株的最佳发酵条件为：蛋白胨和淀粉含量各为1．33％，酵母膏含量为0．3％，温度为25℃．  相似文献   

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE DISSOLVED AND COLLOIDAL ORGANIC CARBON IN THE ZHUJIANG RIVER ESTUARY   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

戴民汉  洪华生  张祖麟 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2000,18(3):265-273

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Pyrene exposure influences the craniofacial cartilage development of Sebastiscus marmoratus embryos     

《Marine environmental research》2012

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants, which are known carcinogens and teratogens. However, the toxicity of PAHs during skeletal development and the mechanism involved are not completely clear. In the present study, rockfish (Sebastiscus marmoratus) embryos were exposed to pyrene (Pyr) for 7 days at 0.5, 5 and 50 nM which resulted in craniofacial skeleton deformities. Pyr exposure for 6 days reduced the expression of PCNA, Col2a1 and Sox9 in the craniofacial skeleton revealed using in situ hybridization. These results suggest that Pyr exposure impairs skeleton development via disrupting the proliferation of the chondrocytes. At the same time, Pyr exposure reduced the expression of lox1 and inhibited the activity of lysyl oxidase, which is the key enzyme controlling the collagen cross-linking, and which might therefore have been one of the reasons for the deformative Meckel's cartilage (lower jaw).  相似文献