广西岛坪磷氯铅矿的谱学特征     

马红艳  崔大安  秦作路  何植  木士春 《矿物学报》2006,26(2):165-168

磷氯铅矿(Pyromorphite)在我国比较罕见,2001年在广西岛坪发现的磷氯铅矿结晶较好,运用XRD、XRFI、R和UV/Vis等分析方法对黄色和绿色样品进行了研究。结果表明,二者XRD谱只是峰强有所不同。在它们的红外吸收谱带中,除了标准的PO43-吸收峰外,在670~800 cm-1之间和430 cm-1左右出现的两组肩峰为SiO44-振动峰。黄色样品的振动频率偏高、半峰宽偏窄、透射率与绿色样品相比较高。通过XRF分析发现黄色晶体比绿色晶体含有更多的Fe3 ,而Fe3 常使矿物呈现黄色,同时证实了黄色磷氯铅矿的红外吸收峰频率偏高是因为它的铅含量低于绿色矿。UV/Vis进一步说明在可见光区的吸收不同是使二者颜色差异的主要原因,Fe离子含量较大使磷氯铅矿呈现黄色。  相似文献   

Globally synchronous climate change 2800 years ago: Proxy data from peat in South America     

《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2007,253(3-4):439-444

Initial findings from high-latitude ice-cores implied a relatively unvarying Holocene climate, in contrast to the major climate swings in the preceding late-Pleistocene. However, several climate archives from low latitudes imply a less than equable Holocene climate, as do recent studies on peat bogs in mainland north-west Europe, which indicate an abrupt climate cooling 2800 years ago, with parallels claimed in a range of climate archives elsewhere. A hypothesis that this claimed climate shift was global, and caused by reduced solar activity, has recently been disputed. Until now, no directly comparable data were available from the southern hemisphere to help resolve the dispute. Building on investigations of the vegetation history of an extensive mire in the Valle de Andorra, Tierra del Fuego, we took a further peat core from the bog to generate a high-resolution climate history through the use of determination of peat humification and quantitative leaf-count plant macrofossil analysis. Here, we present the new proxy-climate data from the bog in South America. The data are directly comparable with those in Europe, as they were produced using identical laboratory methods. They show that there was a major climate perturbation at the same time as in northwest European bogs. Its timing, nature and apparent global synchronicity lend support to the notion of solar forcing of past climate change, amplified by oceanic circulation. This finding of a similar response simultaneously in both hemispheres may help validate and improve global climate models. That reduced solar activity might cause a global climatic change suggests that attention be paid also to consideration of any global climate response to increases in solar activity. This has implications for interpreting the relative contribution of climate drivers of recent ‘global warming’.  相似文献   

Sedimentary phosphorus species and sedimentation flux in the East China Sea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

《Continental Shelf Research》2007,27(10-11):1465-1476

Core sediment samples were collected from the middle shelf of the East China Sea (ECS) to study the phosphorus forms, P accumulation rate (PAR), P burial efficiency and the burial flux in the ECS. The sediment samples were sequentially extracted and directly extracted to analyze different forms of sedimentary P: lossely sorbed P and iron-bound P (P_CDB); inorganic P associated with francolite (carbonate fluorapatite, CFA), biogenic hydroxyapatite, smecite, and CaCO₃ (P_CFA); detrital P (P_Detrital); organic P (P_Organic); and total P. In addition, the Fe contents in the citrate-dithionite-bicarbonate (CDB) extracted solution were also measured.The total concentrations of P in the surface sediments in the study area ranged from 13.5 to 22.3 μmol g⁻¹. Inorganic P was the major form and accounted for 72–93% of the total P pool. The average percentage of each fraction of P followed the sequence: P_Detrital (70%)>P_Organic (15.5%)>P_CDB (8.4%)>P_CFA (5.8%). The distribution pattern of total P in the surface sediment was similar to that of P_Detrital and P_Organic, but different from that of P_CDB and P_CFA. The profile variation of P_Organic was the most significant among the phosphorus forms at the study stations. The concentrations of P_CDB and P_CFA showed minor variation with depth. These results may suggest that transformations of P_Organic, P_CFA and P_CDB occurred at the study stations during sedimentary P burial.Based on the concentrations of total P, P_CDB and Fe_CDB obtained in the present study and the mass accumulation rate (MAR) reported in the literature, the values of the PAR, the P diffusion flux (J_PFe) supplied by reducible iron hydroxides and the P burial efficiency were calculated. The calculated results for PAR and J_PFe in the study area ranged from 1.02 to 24.23 μmol cm⁻² yr⁻¹ and from 0.1 to 2.11 μmol cm⁻² yr⁻¹, respectively. The phosphorus burial efficiency (PBE) was approximately 90%. The ECS is a phosphorus sink, and the average annual P burial flux has been reasonably estimated to be in the range of 20–25×10⁹ mol yr⁻¹.  相似文献   

A quarter century of TOMS total column ozone measurements over Brazil     

《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2007,69(12):1447-1458

The Earth's atmosphere has been probed since 1978 by the total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS) experiment. In polar orbits around the Earth, Nimbus 7, Meteor 3, and Earth Probe satellites have carried TOMS to measure the backscattered solar ultraviolet radiation, which is processed by Version 8 TOMS algorithm for the retrieval of column ozone values. These TOMS data and their behavior are reported and investigated in this work for some sites in the equatorial and tropical zones of Brazil. Comparison with measurements from Brewer and Dobson spectrophotometers in some cases is provided. An average difference as low as 1.5% between TOMS and Brewer measurements was obtained. In addition, more than two decades of TOMS monthly average column ozone measurements were applied to the calculation of ozone trends. Although small and in general negative, these trends were statistically significant for all sites in the winter season.  相似文献   

大兴安岭南段晚中生代侵入岩时空分布及主脊与东坡岩体特征对比     

王迪  赵国春  苏尚国  李宏星 《现代地质》2020,34(3):466-482

通过岩相学、地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学对位于大兴安岭主脊上的马勒根坝岩体、朝阳沟岩体和大兴安岭东坡区域的野猪沟岩体、布敦化岩体的4个不同花岗岩岩体的岩石类型、主量和微量元素特征、年代学及构造背景进行对比分析,讨论了研究区在晚侏罗世—早白垩世的岩浆活动及地质背景。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄显示:主脊朝阳沟岩体和东坡布敦化岩体年龄分别为(154±1) Ma和(154.1±1.6) Ma,属于晚侏罗世岩体,主脊马勒根坝岩体和东坡野猪沟岩体年龄分别为(144.62±0.74) Ma和(140.2±2.7) Ma,属于早白垩世岩体。岩相学和地球化学特征显示:主脊岩体为高钾钙碱性-准铝质-过铝质花岗岩岩体,东坡岩体为钙碱性-高钾钙碱性-准铝质-弱过铝质TTG型岩体;主脊比东坡岩体更加亏损Ba、Nb、Sr、P、Ti、Eu元素,为高分异I型花岗岩,东坡岩体为正常的I型花岗岩。结合区域地质资料分析,认为在晚侏罗世—早白垩世伊泽奈崎板块NNW向俯冲和蒙古—鄂霍次克洋闭合共同作用于大兴安岭南段地区,在大兴安岭主脊形成断裂带,导致幔源岩浆上涌底侵下地壳而形成沿断裂带分布的花岗岩体;主脊处于碰撞向伸展环境过渡的时期,东坡区域此时应处于俯冲时期。  相似文献   

25th International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry,Interlaken, Switzerland, 18–23 September, 2011     

《Organic Geochemistry》2012

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Anthropogenic pollution and oxygen depletion in the lower Yangtze River as revealed by sedimentary biomarkers     

《Organic Geochemistry》2012

The Yangtze River receives 37.5% of the municipal sewage of China, whose fate constitutes a major environmental and health concern. This study applied phytosterols, 5β(H)-stanols, tetrahymanol and 17α,21β(H)-C₃₀-hopane to examine sewage and petroleum-derived organic pollutants, and assess their impact on the biogeochemistry of the lower river benthic environment. The results showed that significant contributions from sewage and petroleum pollutants were preserved in the riverbed. These potentially contributed to O₂ depletion and apparently an anoxic environment in the riverbed, either directly or via an impact on primary productivity.  相似文献   

Pyrene exposure influences the craniofacial cartilage development of Sebastiscus marmoratus embryos     

《Marine environmental research》2012

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants, which are known carcinogens and teratogens. However, the toxicity of PAHs during skeletal development and the mechanism involved are not completely clear. In the present study, rockfish (Sebastiscus marmoratus) embryos were exposed to pyrene (Pyr) for 7 days at 0.5, 5 and 50 nM which resulted in craniofacial skeleton deformities. Pyr exposure for 6 days reduced the expression of PCNA, Col2a1 and Sox9 in the craniofacial skeleton revealed using in situ hybridization. These results suggest that Pyr exposure impairs skeleton development via disrupting the proliferation of the chondrocytes. At the same time, Pyr exposure reduced the expression of lox1 and inhibited the activity of lysyl oxidase, which is the key enzyme controlling the collagen cross-linking, and which might therefore have been one of the reasons for the deformative Meckel's cartilage (lower jaw).  相似文献   

The importance of including conductivity and dielectric permittivity information when processing low-frequency GPR and high-frequency EMI data sets     

《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2013

The full solution for the wavenumber equation in electromagnetic (EM) theory is available, but not routinely used when processing ground penetrating radar (GPR), and electromagnetic induction (EMI) data. The wavenumber approach is important as it is used for the development of concepts such as skin depth and phase velocity, as well as being the basis for more complete interpretation of EM data sets. Approximations that make the solution simpler are common, and sufficiently accurate, provided that the underlying assumptions are not grossly violated. With the advent of lower-frequency GPR systems (25 MHz and below) and higher-frequency EMI systems (greater than 100 kHz) such approximations need to be re-examined. This paper reviews the full wavenumber expression and then compares phase velocity and skin depth equations based on approximations with the equations for the same parameter based on the full solution. This comparison allows the conditions under which the assumptions are valid to be refined. In this paper it is shown that for GPR surveys conducted under transition band conditions, the error in phase velocity estimates based on low-loss assumptions may be 40%. Similarly, for EMI surveys the skin depth estimation errors may be more than 30% when the equation based on quasi-static assumptions is used instead of the full solution.  相似文献   

Assessment of phytoplankton class abundance using fluorescence excitation-emission matrix by parallel factor analysis and nonnegative least squares     

苏荣国  陈小娜  吴珍珍  姚鹏  石晓勇 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2015,33(4):878-889

The feasibility of using fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) along with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and nonnegative least squares (NNLS) method for the differentiation of phytoplankton taxonomic groups was investigated. Forty-one phytoplankton species belonging to 28 genera of five divisions were studied. First, the PARAFAC model was applied to EEMs, and 15 fluorescence components were generated. Second, 15 fluorescence components were found to have a strong discriminating capability based on Bayesian discriminant analysis (BDA). Third, all spectra of the fluorescence component compositions for the 41 phytoplankton species were spectrographically sorted into 61 reference spectra using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and then, the reference spectra were used to establish a database. Finally, the phytoplankton taxonomic groups was differentiated by the reference spectra database using the NNLS method. The five phytoplankton groups were differentiated with the correct discrimination ratios (CDRs) of 100% for single-species samples at the division level. The CDRs for the mixtures were above 91% for the dominant phytoplankton species and above 73% for the subdominant phytoplankton species. Sixteen of the 85 field samples collected from the Changjiang River estuary were analyzed by both HPLC-CHEMTAX and the fluorometric technique developed. The results of both methods reveal that Bacillariophyta was the dominant algal group in these 16 samples and that the subdominant algal groups comprised Dinophyta, Chlorophyta and Cryptophyta. The differentiation results by the fluorometric technique were in good agreement with those from HPLC-CHEMTAX. The results indicate that the fluorometric technique could differentiate algal taxonomic groups accurately at the division level.  相似文献