兴国县土壤侵蚀变化的遥感监测与分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

高彦华  汪宏清  周旭 《地球信息科学学报》2005,7(3):21-24

兴国县是南方红壤丘陵区水土流失最严重的地区之一,近20年的综合治理成效显著。为分析该时期县域内水土流失的变化趋势,并掌握其目前的水土流失状况,本文选用1987、1994和2000年的TM影像,采用基于NDVI 的动态监测和影像分类相结合的方法.对江西兴国县近20年水土流失的情况进行分析,定性与定量地反映兴国县水土流失的时空变化趋势,并结合地形因素进行交叉分析,获取水土流失的空间分布规律。兴国县水土流失变化分析结果表明:在水土流失面积方面,这3年中均呈减少趋势;在空间分布上,中南部和东部部分地区流失强度下降幅度较大,强度明显加剧的区域较少,除西南部的部分地区外,仅在县境边缘有零星分布。目前,水土流失主要分布在海拔500m以下和坡度20°以下的地区。  相似文献   

Labile organic matter content and distribution as affected by six-year soil amendments to eroded Chinese mollisols   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Yueyu Sui  Xiaoguang Jiao  Wenting Chen  Xiaobing Liu  Xingyi Zhang  Guangwei Ding 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2013,23(6):692-699

Labile organic carbon （LOC） is a fraction of soil organic carbon （SOC） with rapid turnover time and is affected by soil fertilization. This investigation characterized the SOC content, LOC content and LOC distribution in the treatment plots of surface soil erosion at five levels （0-, 5-, 10-, 20- and 30-cm erosion）. The soil had received contrasting fertilizer treatments （i.e., chemical fertilizer or chemical fertilizer ＋ manure） for 6 years. This study demonstrated that both SOC and various LOC fractions contents were higher in the plots with fertilizer ＋ manure than in those with fertilizer alone under the same erosion conditions. The SOC and LOC contents de- creased as the erosion depth increased. Light fraction organic carbon, particulate organic carbon, easily oxidizable organic carbon （KMnO4-oxydizable organic carbon）, and microbial biomass carbon were 27% 57%, 37%-7%, 20%-25%, and 29%-33% higher respectively in the fertilizer ＋ manure plots, than in the fertilizer alone plots. Positive correlations （p 〈 0.05） between SOC content and different fractions contents were observed in all plots except the correlation between total SOC content and water-soluble organic carbon content in the different fertilization treatments. Obviously, fertilizer ＋ manure treatments would be conducive to the accumulation of LOC and SOC in the Black soil of Northeast China.  相似文献   

东北黑土地不能消失     

蓝颖春 《地球》2012,(7):31-32

寒地黑土,是寒温带湿润半湿润地区原始原化草甸植被下发育的具深厚均腐殖质层的高寒黑色土壤。有机质含量大约是黄土的10倍,是肥力最高、最适宜农耕的土地。世界上共有三大片黑土,其一分布在乌克兰大平原。其二分布在美国密西西比河流域。其三分布在我国东北松辽流域,  相似文献   

137Cs示踪法研究湟水上游和布哈河下游区域土壤侵蚀强度          下载免费PDF全文

陶炳德  沙占江  郭丽霞  拉本  肖景义 《干旱区地理》2013,36(6):997-1005

通过¹³⁷Cs示踪技术,并采用土壤剖面核素单位面积浓度与背景值之间的理论模型,对布哈河下游和青海湖东北岸湟水上游区域的土壤侵蚀进行了研究,结果表明：¹³⁷Cs面积活度与植被盖度之间存在着正相关关系,两区域相关系数为0.93。湟水上游河谷土壤侵蚀模数在87.62～1 458.41 t·km^-2·a^-1之间,采样点平均土壤侵蚀模数为933.31 t·km^-2·a^-1。布哈河下游区域土壤侵蚀模数在431.03～2 072.39 t·km^-2·a^-1之间,采样点平均土壤侵蚀模数为1 256.97 t·km^-2·a^-1。布哈河下游区域较湟水上游区域侵蚀严重,在较长的时期内两地大部分区域均处于轻度侵蚀阶段,湟水上游北部和布哈河下游西北部处于微度侵蚀阶段。  相似文献   

30年来东南红壤丘陵区土壤侵蚀度时空演变研究——以长汀县为例   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

林晨  周生路  吴绍华 《地理科学》2011,31(10):1235-1241

土壤侵蚀动态监测是侵蚀研究体系中的重要内容,当前国内大部分研究直接引用国外监测模型,不仅在因子选取以及模型通用性上存在不足,而且对区域土壤的潜在性侵蚀危险考虑不够。因此,研究提出土壤侵蚀度的概念,作为区域土壤实际侵蚀强度与潜在侵蚀危险的综合表征,并基于人地关系系统,通过多指标的量化与建模进行土壤侵蚀度测算,从而分析福建省长汀县土壤侵蚀时空演变规律。结果表明,长汀县土壤侵蚀分布存在集中连片的特点,汀中地区的侵蚀度最高,并向周边逐渐衰减。同时,侵蚀度在变化方向上虽然存在不确定性,但总体侵蚀状况近30a来得到了明显的改善,安全区的比重从1975年的3.87%增长至2006年的56.38%,相比而言,极度侵蚀危险区的比重仅从1975年的12.3%,减少至2006年的6.66%,改善幅度较其他等级土壤有所差距,这与区域在立地条件、经济发展水平以及政策导向上的差异密切相关。研究结果说明选取侵蚀影响因子具有一定的适宜性,也证明土壤侵蚀度可以有效表征土壤侵蚀时空演变趋势。  相似文献   

基于RS的岷江流域土壤侵蚀变化及其驱动力分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

孟兆鑫  邓玉林  刘武林 《地理与地理信息科学》2008,24(4)

依据1995年、2000年土壤侵蚀遥感数据并结合2005年实地调查资料,研究岷江流域土壤侵蚀演变规律及其驱动力。研究结果表明:1)2000年岷江流域土壤侵蚀面积为19 907.7 km2(比1995年减少369.6 km2),占流域面积的43.77%,土壤侵蚀量为8 943.26万t,平均侵蚀模数1 966 t/(km2.a),以水蚀和中度侵蚀为主。2)选择降雨变化、土地利用变化、植被覆盖度变化3个自然因素和人口密度、万元GDP(作为经济发展指标)2个社会发展指标作为研究区土壤侵蚀变化的驱动因素。结果表明:2000年降雨侵蚀力对土壤侵蚀的影响是1995年的71%;森林覆盖率每增加1%,土壤侵蚀模数减少0.4%~7%,平均减少53 t/(km2.a);林地、草地面积之和与土壤侵蚀面积呈明显的线性相关,旱地面积与土壤侵蚀面积呈二次函数关系;土壤侵蚀面积、土壤侵蚀量与万元GDP呈指数关系;单位人口密度和县域土壤侵蚀面积与土壤侵蚀量均呈幂指数关系。  相似文献   

~(137)Cs示踪法土壤侵蚀量估算的本底值问题   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘宇  吕一河  傅伯杰  刘国华 《地理研究》2010,29(7):1171-1181

137Cs示踪法因能快速、相对简便地估算土壤侵蚀量而在土壤侵蚀定量研究中得到广泛应用。本底值获取是137Cs示踪法的关键和基础。在具有空间异质性多因素综合作用下,本底值呈现高度的空间异质性。针对本底值空间变异性,从气候气象要素、地形、土壤属性、土地利用/覆被四个方面阐明各因素与本底值空间变异的作用机理。分析了当前137Cs示踪法应用中在本底值获取时参考点存在性及选点的准确性、单个或几个本底值对研究区本底值的代表性和参考点采样设计。提出划分侵蚀测定单元、建立多本底值体系和进行地形校正解决当前137Cs示踪法中本底值存在问题的对策。侵蚀测定计算单元的划分原则和方法、根据已有参考点的137Cs本底值推算各单元137Cs本底值的技术方法、定量化研究各因素对137Cs的作用是今后需要深入的工作。  相似文献   

风水复合侵蚀与生态恢复研究进展   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

李秋艳  蔡强国  方海燕 《地理科学进展》2010,29(1)

风水复合侵蚀是风力与水力共同或交替作用相互增强或者削弱的过程。从侵蚀区划分、驱动因素、侵蚀机理和生态恢复对策等方面论述了风水复合侵蚀的研究进展,简述了半干旱风水复合侵蚀区和海岸复合侵蚀区是两个影响最大的风水复合侵蚀区。晋陕蒙接壤区为半干旱风水复合侵蚀区的强烈侵蚀中心,在土地利用上属农牧交错区,生态环境极为脆弱。海岸复合侵蚀岸段分布广泛,侵蚀岸线在总岸线中所占比例较大。影响风水复合侵蚀的因素包括自然和人为因素,且地域差异显著。半干旱区风水复合侵蚀研究主要从侵蚀特点、土壤特性、侵蚀产沙、侵蚀能量研究等方面;海岸复合侵蚀区从侵蚀特征、风暴潮与海岸复合侵蚀关系等方面分析了取得的进展和存在的不足。总结了生物措施和工程措施对风水复合侵蚀区生态恢复的作用,展望了风水复合侵蚀与生态恢复的研究方向,并指出复合侵蚀机理与评估、生态恢复机理与评价研究是今后研究的趋势。  相似文献   

Simulation of erosion-deposition processes at basin scale by a physically-based mathematical model   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hernán R.STENTA 《国际泥沙研究》2010,25(2):91-109

The development and application of the physically-based and spatially-distributed mathematical model CTSS8-SED is presented. The model simulates hydrologic-hydraulic processes produced by storm events and related soil erosion and sediment transport processes at basin scale in lowland areas. The model simulates (i) storm runoff,(ii) soil detachment by raindrop impact and overland flow (gross sediment yield),(iii) sediment transport by overland flow and associated erosion-deposition processes and (iv) sediment transport by stream flow and riverbed erosion-deposition processes. A quasi two-dimensional representation of water flow and sediment transport routing is made by means of interconnected cells approach. The model is applied to simulate two flooding events in the Luduea Creek basin (Santa Fe, Argentina) occurred in April 1994 and March 2007 due to extraordinary rainfalls.  相似文献   

An exploratory analysis of benthic macroinvertebrates as indicators of the ecological status of the Upper Yellow and Yangtze Rivers     

Baozhu Pan  Zhaoyin Wang  Zhiwei Li  Guo-an Yu  Mengzhen Xu  Na Zhao  Gary Brierley 《地理学报(英文版)》2013,23(5):871-882

This study presents findings of the first systematic analysis of aquatic biotic assemblages in the source region of the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers. It provides an initial basis with which to select representative organisms as indicators to assess the aquatic ecological status of rivers in this region. Macroinvertebrates are considered to be good indicators of long-term environmental changes due to their restricted range and persistence over time. Field investigations of macroinvertebrates were conducted in August 2009 in the source region of the Yellow River, and in July 2010 in the source region of the Yangtze River. Altogether 68 taxa of macroinvertebrates belonging to 29 families and 59 genera were identified. Among them were 8 annelids, 5 mollusks, 54 arthropods and 1 other animal. In the source region of the Yellow River, taxa number, density and biomass of macroinvertebrates were 50, 329 individuals m2 and 0.3966 g dry weight m2, respectively. Equivalent figures for the source region of the Yangtze River were 29, 59 individuals m2 and 0.0307 g dry weight m-2. The lower benthic animal resources in the source region of the Yangtze River are ascribed to higher altitude, higher sediment concentration and wetland degradation. Preliminary findings of this exploratory study indicate that hydroelectric power stations had a weak impact on benthic dwellers but wetland degradation caused by a series of human activities had a catastrophic impact on survival of macroinvertebrates. Ecological protection measures such as conservative grazing and vegetation management are required to minimize grassland degradation and desertification, and reduce soil erosion rate and river sediment discharge.  相似文献