黄土剖面古土壤和生物化石14C测年对比   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

杨明生  张虎才  丁虎  雷国良  樊红芳  常凤琴  李斌  张文翔  牛洁  陈玥 《地球科学》2005,30(5):589-596

精确、可靠测定古土壤和生物化石年代是重建环境变化过程、探讨人地关系的关键.研究古土壤中不同组分年代的异同对于分析土壤中碳附存状态和碳储存库十分重要.对甘肃省榆中县境内兴隆山典型黄土剖面采集的动物化石、土壤无机质、土壤有机质3个样品进行常规14C和AMS测年,发现同一地层相同点样品不同组分的测年结果相差悬殊,样品无机质比其有机质年龄(3 682±70)a偏老2 624 a.对其14C测年可靠性对比分析发现,常规14C和AMS对骨骼和牙齿化石测年相差仅为13 a,校正为日历年后几乎相等,认为实验室产生的误差很小,而碳的来源、组成及其"死碳"混入的比例是影响测年结果的主要因素.化石年龄与土壤有机质年龄之间的差别,揭示该剖面可能存在持续时间达千年以上的沉积间断.由于同一层位骨化石、土壤有机质、土壤无机质14C测年结果差异,在进行化石年代确定、考古及古文明研究、生态植被恢复、土壤无机碳存储库研究中,年龄的界定应选择相应的测年数据.  相似文献   

南大巴山前陆褶皱带荆竹坝—石窝剖面磁组构特征及其对构造演化的制约          下载免费PDF全文

谢晋强  张国伟  郭秀峰  鲁如魁  梁文天  陈应涛  申怡博 《地球物理学报》2014,57(4):1141-1154

通过野外构造观测、岩石磁学与磁组构综合分析,本文研究了南大巴山前陆褶皱带荆竹坝—石窝剖面的叠加构造特征及其形成演化.从北东向南西,剖面构造变形总体呈减弱趋势,褶皱轴面总体倾向北东,大尺度褶皱枢纽均以小角度向北西倾伏.古应力分析显示最大主压应力为北东—南西向,反映以南大巴山的推覆为主.剖面J₃之前的采样层位主要表现为变形组构,而J₃-K₁的采样层位则表现为初始弱变形组构.磁线理呈NW-SE向的优势方位,与剖面主构造线基本平行,主要反映来自南大巴山的推覆挤压.剖面发育特殊磁组构：①磁面理与地层面斜交,主要与褶皱作用中的平行层简单剪切相关;②磁线理均不同程度斜交于地层走向,指示构造叠加背景.沿剖面北东向南西区段K_min的倾伏角随构造变形强度减弱而增大,据此相关性可将K_min的倾伏角作为判别弱变形沉积岩变形强度的标志.本文认为,在晚侏罗世以南大巴山的推覆为主而米仓山短轴背斜与川东褶皱带挤压次之的联合作用使南大巴山前陆褶皱带具有构造叠加特征,之后的早白垩世仍主要表现为南大巴山的推覆,而其他两个方向的挤压较之前相对较弱.该结果也反映了秦岭J₃-K₁陆内造山作用及燕山期雪峰陆内构造变形的影响,为探索陆内构造与陆内造山的大陆动力学提供了佐证.  相似文献   

龙门山南段盐井-五龙断裂磁组构特征及其对几何学、运动学的制约     

陈应涛  张国伟  鲁如魁  郭安林  谢晋强  朱伟 《大地构造与成矿学》2019,43(2):199-212

盐井?五龙断裂是龙门山中央断裂北川?映秀断裂的南延部分,也是龙门山南段的三大控制性主干断裂之一。为了详细认识盐井?五龙断裂的构造几何学、运动学特征,在野外构造研究的基础上,运用磁组构方法对盐井?五龙断裂105块构造岩定向样品进行深入研究。野外构造解析表明断裂至少发生了韧性挤压剪切、脆?韧性逆冲和脆性挤压碎裂三期构造变形。磁组构研究显示构造岩磁组构样品的平均磁化率k_m值具有强磁化率和弱磁化率两种特征。磁组构形状参数T、磁面理F值、磁线理L值和T-P_J图解显示磁化率椭球体主要为压扁型,磁面理较磁线理发育,局部发育较强磁线理,进一步表明盐井?五龙断裂以挤压、剪切为主,伴有拉伸变形的整体特征,样品的P_J整体较大,显示出构造强变形磁组构特征。最小磁化率主轴K_min方位表明盐井?五龙断裂北段和南段分别受到了NW-SE向和NEE-SWW向的挤压作用;K_min方位和倾伏角表明北段晚一期的脆韧性变形主体为自NW向SE的较高角度的挤压逆冲剪切变形,局部伴有极小量的左行走滑特征。断裂南段早期韧性变形整体以自SWW向NEE的挤压逆冲剪切变形为主,上盘(西盘)远离主干断裂表现为左行走滑兼逆冲的运动学特征,下盘变形主要以逆冲剪切变形为主,走滑分量极小,并且自西向东韧性剪切变形具有相对强弱相间的特征。  相似文献   

磁化率各向异性椭球三维图形显示的VB .net实现     

赵庆乐  张世红  韩以贵  李海燕  董进  张元厚 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2009,39(6)

磁组构在地球科学研究中具有广泛的应用.磁化率各向异性椭球形状可以反映丰富的地质信息.目前磁化率各向异性测量仪器所用软件不能以图形的方式直观地反映样品的磁化率椭球形状,其数据以二进制及文本方式存储,以纯文本方式显示,需借助其它数据处理与绘图程序来判别椭球形状.使用Visual Basic.net编程语言计算岩石样品的主磁化率及主方向,再调用Mathematica数学系统软件核心显示磁化率各向异性椭球的三维图形,调用Grapher绘图程序核心显示主方向,测量数据可直接存储到Excel文件中.首次实现了显示磁化率各向异性椭球的三维图形的功能,同时可以显示主方向的二维图形,可以进行从样品坐标系到地理坐标系的转换及手动输入15个方向磁化率数据进行主磁化率与主方向的计算.  相似文献   

Cosmic ray produced isotopes in terrestrial systems   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

D. Lal 《Journal of Earth System Science》1998,107(4):241-249

Continuing improvements in the sensitivity of measurement of cosmic ray produced isotopes in environmental samples have progressively broadened the scope of their applications to characterise and quantify a wide variety of processes in earth and planetary sciences. In this article, I will concentrate on the new developments in the field of nuclear geophysics, based on isotopic changes produced by cosmic rays in the terrestrial systems. This field, which is best described as cosmic ray geophysics, caught roots with the discovery of cosmogenic¹⁴C on the Earth by Willard Libby in 1948, and grew rapidly at first, but slowed down during the ’60s and ’70s. In the ’80s, there was arenaissance in cosmic ray produced isotope studies, thanks mainly to the developments of the accelerator mass spectrometry technique capable of measuring minute amounts of radioactivity in terrestrial samples. This technological advance has considerably enhanced the applications of cosmic ray produced isotopes and today we find them being used to address diverse problems in earth and planetary sciences I discuss the present scope of the field of cosmic ray geophysics with an emphasis ongeomorphology. I must stress here that this is the decade in which this field, which has been studied passionately by geographers, geomorphologists and geochemists for more than five decades, has at its service nuclear methods to introduce numeric time controls in the range of centuries to millions of years.  相似文献   

巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊年轻沉积物₁₄C测年初步研究          下载免费PDF全文

陈天源  刘斯文  赖忠平  王振亭  韩凤清  王懿萱 《盐湖研究》2017,25(2):60-66

沙漠湖泊沉积物是研究气候环境变化的珍贵材料,湖泊岩芯年代学研究是重建古气候和古环境的基础和前提,然而其年代的测定存在诸多困难,尤其是年轻湖泊沉积物测年一直是当前地质年代学研究的难题。~(14)C测年作为一种传统的测年方法已被广泛应用于各类湖泊年轻沉积物的年代测定。巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊年轻沉积物能否利用~(14)C方法进行测年,其可靠性如何,需进行研究和验证。选择巴丹吉林沙漠腹地的两支岩芯(BR-1和YD-1),对其进行了~(14)C测年,并与已有的~(210)P_(buns)及其推算年代进行了对比。结果表明:1)沙漠湖泊中的植物残体来源存在较大的随机性,可能是原有的更老沉积层中的植物残体的再沉积,测年结果偏老约1000年。2)湖泊岩芯中有机沉积物样品的年代结果基本符合沉积规律,但受硬水效应的影响,其年代整体偏老400~900年。3)与~(210)P_(buns)年代对比,两种不同测年物质所测得的年代均存在不同程度的偏老现象,表明岩芯所在湖泊~(14)C年龄受多种因素影响,总体存在很大的不确定性。在测年材料极为稀缺的沙漠丘间湖区,利用岩芯中的植物残体、沉积物有机质进行~(14)C测年,可能受老沉积层中测年材料再沉积、湖水碳库效应等因素的影响,~(14)C年代存在诸多不确定性。因此,在对巴丹吉林沙漠丘间湖泊年轻沉积物测年研究过程中应谨慎运用。  相似文献   

AMS radiocarbon dating of organic fractions from varved lake sediments: an empirical test of reliability     

Frank Oldfield  Peter R. J. Crooks  Douglas D. Harkness  Gunilla Petterson 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1997,18(1):87-91

Replicate cores of annually laminated (varved) sediments have been used to test the accuracy and precision of chronologies of lake sediment accumulation over the last 1000 years, based on AMS 14C measurements. The internally consistent results show that in the case of the soft-water lake sediments studied (Kassjön, northern Sweden), all the organic fractions that include aquatic components give significantly older dates than expected. Only the single terrestrial macrofossil and the fine, unidentified residual particulate fraction provide dates close to the true age of the sediments. The results also show that age discrepancies for some fractions are not constant over time. The age discrepancies may arise from some carbon reservoir effect within the aquatic ecosystem, from resuspension and focusing of older marginal organic material into the deepest part of the lake or from some combination of these processes. More work is needed on the 14C age of organic fractions in varve-dated sediments from a range of lake types.  相似文献   

Chronology of the shell bar section and a discussion on the ages of the Late Pleistocene lacustrine deposits in the paleolake Qarhan, Qaidam basin   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hucai Zhang  Guoliang Lei  Fengqin Chang  Yang Pu  Hongfang Fan  Yanbin Lei  Mingsheng Yang  Wenxiang Zhang  Lunqing Yang 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2008,2(2):225-235

Shell bar, composed of abundant fossil shells of Corbicula fluminea müller and Corbicula largillierti philippi and located at the southeastern end (36°30′N, 96°12′E) of the paleolake Quarhan, is one of the most prominent features in the Qaidam basin. It is the highest site where such species of fossil shells have been found in the Late Pleistocene age. A 2.6-m-thick fresh profile was manually excavated to determine the formation ages and the scope of the high paleolake levels. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), conventional radiocarbon dating, and sector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy ²³⁰Th methods were used to investigate the reliability and accuracy of dating results in different laboratories. Ages of various components (e.g. acid residual and acid soluble fraction of the organic matter) from the same sample were determined. Age differences of a variety of materials (e.g. organic matter, fossil shells, and salt crystals), and age differences at the same sampling position were evaluated. Dating shows that the AMS ages given by alkali residue and acid soluble fractions vary greatly, e.g., from 124.5 cm upwards. The dates given by the acid soluble fraction were normal. Down the column, the dates show a reverse pattern and those of alkali residues, especially the lower part of the section, show an unstable pattern. These imply that organic matter had been influenced by two separate processes. One possible explanation is that the alkali residual fraction most likely had been contaminated by dead carbon-bearing reworked material because the study section is located near the edge of the paleolake and could have been easily influenced by old eroded deposits. Another is that the acid soluble fraction could have been contaminated by upward-flowing groundwater containing soluble organic matter. The amount of this soluble organic material should be very small because the strongest age reversal is in the lower part, where the TOC content remains low, meaning that the change of soluble organic fraction alters neither TOC content nor the δ ¹³C dramatically. It is concluded that a uniform mega-paleolake developed in the Qaidam basin in the northeastern Tibetan plateau between 39.7 and 17.5 ¹⁴C kaB.P. During the period when the high paleolake level of Qarhan was formed, the huge paleolake covered a vast area with dramatic lake level fluctuations. It is found that the ages determined may be influenced by either radioactive ¹⁴C variations of repeated deposition or content variations in the atmosphere. The ages given by fossil shells are 15–18 ka older than those given by organic matter. The large differences between the ages of fossil shells and organic matter might have resulted from the large water areas and huge water volume and the special location of the high-elevation Qaidam basin. This study also shows the reliability and accuracy of the ²³⁰Th dating method on the salt crystals but further study is needed to determine whether this method could be applied to the study area. __________ Translated from Quaternary Sciences, 2007, 27(4): 511–521 [译自: 第四纪研究]  相似文献   

Late glacial to Holocene planktic foraminifera bioevents and climatic record in the South Adriatic Sea     

Giuseppe Siani  Martine Paterne  Christophe Colin 《第四纪科学杂志》2010,25(5):808-821

Quantitative analyses of planktic foraminifera, sea‐surface temperatures (SSTs), oxygen isotope and radiocarbon dating from a deep‐sea core recovered in the South Adriatic Sea have been used to reconstruct a subcentennial climatic and biochronological record since the late glacial (the last 24 cal. ka BP). The identification and relative abundance of 25 species of planktic foraminifera along the core have provided a continuous record of the faunal changes over this time interval. These results have permitted the establishment of 10 biozones in the South Adriatic Sea based on the appearance and/or disappearance of the main specific taxa, from peaks of abundance and/or by modification in marine conditions. The robust chronology of the South Adriatic core allowed correlation of SST estimates to the GISP2 ice core record, indicating that the main climate changes recorded in Greenland ice cores over the last 24 ka are recorded and globally synchronous with those observed in the South Adriatic Sea. This finding further allows comparison of the planktic foraminifera record with the event stratigraphic scheme proposed by the INTIMATE group in order to better identify the relationship between past climatic changes and the response of microfaunal assemblages in the South Adriatic. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

青海玉树地区探槽和剖面揭露的全新世含炭地层及其气候环境意义     

张克旗  吴中海  尼玛次仁  冯卉  李家存  李跃华  马丹  刘艳辉  蒋瑶  周春景  田婷婷 《地质通报》2014,33(4):485-496

对青藏高原东南部青海玉树地区的39个泥炭和含炭砂土样品进行了AMS14C年龄测试,这些样品来自于为研究玉树断裂开挖的2个探槽和2个剖面。通过分析泥炭层及其他含炭地层的宏观岩性及其中样品的AMS14C年龄,将玉树地区的全新世含炭地层的沉积过程划分为4个阶段:阶段Ⅰ:早全新世,10100~6000a BP,非常适宜泥炭的形成;阶段Ⅱ:中—晚全新世,6000~3500a BP,较不适宜泥炭的稳定形成,沉积物中含炭量相对减少,碎屑增加,颜色变浅;阶段Ⅲ:晚全新世阶段,3500~1500a BP。该阶段的气候总体变的更加干旱和凉爽,基本上不能形成泥炭,碎屑沉积在持续增加;阶段Ⅳ:1500a BP以来:自1500~1100a BP,气候可能更加干冷,沉积物中主要为碎屑沉积;1100a BP以来,受中世纪暖期气候变化影响,在本区许多地貌单元近地表形成一层灰黑色的炭质层。这4个阶段与红原泥炭所反映的全新世气候变化波动趋势能较一致。气候、地貌和构造因素三者共同控制本区域内泥炭和炭质层的发育和形成。  相似文献