民勤绿洲盐碱化退耕地植被自然演替及土壤水分垂直变化研究   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

何芳兰  李治元  赵明  尉秋实  郭树江  王多泽 《中国沙漠》2010,30(6):1374-1380

采用时空互代的方法,对民勤绿洲盐碱化退耕地21个样地105个样方的自然恢复植被以及土壤水分进行调查,并对各植被群落特征和土壤水分垂直变化进行统计分析。结果表明,退耕后50 a的植被演替过程中,调查样方内共出现植物22种,分属于11科21属;退耕地植被自然恢复的过程大致经历了田旋花、独行菜、骆驼蒿、苏枸杞和盐爪爪5种群落类型的演替;在整个演替过程中,植被恢复大体分为迅速恢复期（1～2 a）、初始更替期（3～8 a）、高级更替期（9～28 a）和缓慢恢复期（29 a以后）4个阶段,同时,Margalef指数、Simpson指数和Shannon-wiener指数均呈现出波动式减小的变化趋势,Monk指数、Pielou指数和Alatalo指数则呈现出波动式增大的变化趋势。此外,不同时间退耕地土壤水分垂直变化差异显著,随着退耕时间的不断延长,土壤水分整体经历了先急剧减小后缓慢递增的变化趋势;根据其含水率大小大致分为3组:土壤含水率较低者（20世纪70年代、1978年和1999年退耕）,大部分土壤含水率低于10%;土壤含水率较高者（20世纪50年代、60年代和2004年退耕）,土壤含水率绝大部分大于10%;土壤含水率最高者（2007年退耕）,土壤含水率大部分大于20%。  相似文献   

滇东南铝土矿成矿物质来源探讨   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

冯晓宏  王臣兴  崔子良  刘宇淳  张兴恒 《云南地质》2009,28(3):233-242

滇东南含铝岩系为上二叠统吴家坪组（龙潭组）底部和第四系,铝土矿床类型分原生沉积型和第四系岩溶红土堆积型两大类,成矿物质分别来源于峨眉山大火成岩省的基性玄武岩的风化、剥蚀、淋沥所形成的含铝土矿碎屑-红土物质,以及邻近的原生沉积型铝土矿的风化残积、残坡积。  相似文献   

Preliminary study on rockfall for Al Gayah site in Yemen     

Aref M.O.Al-Jabali  WANG Xi-kui 《世界地质(英文版)》2004,7(2)

Studying the landslide and rockfall in Yemen still in its preliminary stage. Al Gayah rockfall site is a chronic problem as many other areas in the Republic of Yemen. The present authors have tried to highlight, and find best solution for this problem for the first time. Field work, collecting data and laboratory test for many rock samples such physical properties, chemical for major elements and thin section have been carried out. The physical properties performed according to ASTM, and then the result have been gotten and discussed.  相似文献   

绿洲外围植被防风生态效益的紊流模型   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李振武  夏阳 《中国沙漠》1995,15(4):392-398

风沙灾害严重地威胁着处于茫茫沙漠中的绿洲,绿洲外围植被则是防御风沙危害的绿色屏障。我们选择位于昆仑山北麓塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘受风沙危害极其严重的策勒绿洲外围植被为研究对象,采用k-ε紊流数学模型,对三种典型植被覆盖度:18.75%、37.5%、56.3%,七种风速:4、5、6、7、8、9、10m/s共21种处理的流场细节进行了模拟。每一处理中以4320个数据模拟了i=1,2,…,108,j=1,2,…,20,共2160个点位在u方向和v方向的速度,由此,找出风沙流通过植被区,在顺流方向随植被盖度变化的递变规律,并定量的反映了绿洲外围植被降低风速、降低进入绿洲沙流量的生态效益。试验表明:顺流方向2km厚的植被,盖度由0增至15%~20%,可降低风速37%~40%;增至35%~40%,可降低48%左右;增至55%,可降低54%左右。植被盖度由0增至15%,35%,50%,在地面以上0~20cm的高度内,可不同程度地降低沙流量50%~90%。  相似文献   

Accumulation of Phosphorus and Heavy Metals in the Peel-Harvey Estuary in Western Australia: Results of a Preliminary Study     

R.G. Gerritse  P.J. Wallbrink  A.S. Murray 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1998,47(6):679-693

Concentrations of P and of heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu) were determined in sediment cores from the Peel-Harvey Estuary in Western Australia. Two cores were extracted, each representing one of the two basins of the estuary. Sediments were dated by surplus²¹⁰Pb, by¹³⁷Cs and by changes in the Fe/S ratio. Increasing exports of P from the mainly agricultural catchments have resulted in more than a doubling of both total P and acid extractable inorganic P in sediments of the estuary. Accumulation of P in the estuary is less than expected for complete retention of inputs of P from the major tributaries. Historical data show that since 1950 average concentrations of dissolved inorganic P have approximately doubled in the Peel Inlet and increased by times seven in the Harvey Estuary. Increases in concentrations in surface sediments of acid extractable Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu are noticeable in the Peel Inlet, and of Zn and Cd in the Harvey Estuary. The greatest increase, relative to background, is shown by Zn. Concentrations of extractable Zn and Cd in surface sediments are similar to those estimated from average concentrations in the water column for equilibrium adsorption to organic matter in sediments. Extractable Pb is greater than estimated for equilibrium adsorption to sediments. Extractable Cu is of the order of what can be expected for equilibrium adsorption to sediments in the Peel Inlet, but is less than expected in the Harvey Estuary.  相似文献   

坯样中SiO2与Al2O3对电瓷制品机械强度的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘兴德  张由群 《矿物岩石》1999,19(1):85-87

机械强度是电瓷制品的主要性能之一,与坯料中Ａｌ２Ｏ３与ＳｉＯ２质量分数有密切关系,本次试验结果表明,随着坯料中Ａｌ２Ｏ３质量分散的增加,ＳｉＯ２质量分数的减少,电瓷制品的抗折强度,抗冲击强度也相应提高,本文对其产生机理进行了较详细的讨论。f  相似文献   

Heating-induced phase transformation in zeolite brewsterite: new 4- and 5-coordinated (Si,Al) sites     

A. Alberti  M. Sacerdoti  S. Quartieri  G. Vezzalini 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1999,26(3):181-186

The dehydration-rehydration processes and phase transformations of brewsterite (space group P2₁/m, ideal formula (Sr,Ba)Al₂Si₆O₁₆·5H₂O) were studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction on two samples heated in an evacuated capillary for 24 h at 280°C and 330°C, respectively, and then cooled to room temperature. After the data collection, the capillary of the crystal heated at 280°C was broken, the sample was kept at room conditions for one month, and diffraction data were recollected. Brewsterite heated in vacuum at 280°C shows a strong decrease of the unit cell volume (about 10%) and the statistical breaking of the T1-O7-T2 bridge of the 4-ring of the 4²5⁴ PBU. T1 cation, in 31% of cases, migrates to a new tetrahedral site, which shares three vertices with the previously occupied one; the fourth vertex is on the mirror plane, and joins two adjacent layers. T2 cation, in 20% of cases, migrates to a new site, which is characterized by a 5-fold coordination. This coordination polyhedron shares three vertices with the previously occupied tetrahedron; the fourth vertex is on the mirror plane, and joins two adjacent layers; the fifth one is unshared. The formation of these new T-O-T bridges prevents the re-expansion and rehydration of the heated brewsterite; as a consequence, the crystal brought back to room conditions does not show any noticeable structural difference with respect to that heated at 280°C. The exchangeable cations, which occupy only one extraframework site in the untreated brewsterite, spread over several sites. The sample heated at 330°C shows a further decrease in the unit cell volume of about 2% with respect to the sample heated at 280°C, and an increase in the migration percentage of T1 and T2 cations to the new sites. Received: 11 November 1997 / Revised, accepted: 26 June 1998  相似文献   

四川大沟流域土壤活性铝含量及其对连香树群落的影响   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7  

潘开文 《山地学报》1999,17(2):147-151

研究了四川茂县大沟流域不同高度,不同土壤类型的土壤活性铝含量和土壤活性铝含量变化与连香树群落生长的关系,并对土壤活性铝变化原因及产生铝毒的有关问题进行了讨论。  相似文献   

盐度变化对铝牺牲阳极保护效果的影响     

刘学庆  苏文  赵喜喜  张守都  田敬云  马健  李友训  王健 《海洋科学》2021,45(8):34-39

为研究河流入海口处盐度周期变化时铝牺牲阳极对钢结构的保护效果,测试对比了盐度固定与盐度循环条件下Q235钢有无阳极保护时的腐蚀失重和电位变化、铝牺牲阳极的电流效率。结果表明盐度循环会造成Q235钢的严重腐蚀,盐度差越大腐蚀越严重,甚至可能超过天然海水的腐蚀程度;在盐度循环条件下铝牺牲阳极对Q235钢具有良好的保护效果,但与稳定的盐度相比,阳极的消耗量增加、电流效率降低;在稳定的低盐度条件（0.5%）下,虽然铝牺牲阳极的电流效率较高,被保护的Q235钢电位足够负,但是保护效果不理想。本文通过Q235钢腐蚀失重数据检验铝牺牲阳极的保护效果,得到了不同盐度循环条件下铝牺牲阳极的初步性能数据,为河流入海口处钢结构设施的阴极保护提供了依据。  相似文献   

新疆艾里克湖滨绿洲景观空间格局动态变化     

阿斯卡尔江&#;司迪克  楚新正  艾里西尔·库尔班 《湖泊科学》2010,22(5):793-798

以艾里克湖滨绿洲1989年9月的TM,2000年9月的ETM+和2005年9月的CBERS遥感影像为数据源,借助RS和GIS技术,以人机交互方式进行景观分类,生成景观分类图;运用景观生态学原理,通过景观统计软件Fragstats For Arcview对研究区景观格局与土地利用变化过程分析并进行驱动力研究.结果表明,1989-2005年的17年间,主要在人类活动的影响下,艾里克湖滨绿洲在外观特征和空间格局均有显著变化,绿洲面积呈先退缩后扩张趋势,湖泊面积也呈先萎缩甚至干涸后扩大趋势.整体景观异质性、多样性和丰度下降;景观优势度、蔓延度和破碎化程度增加.要实现干旱区绿洲的可持续发展和景观生态功能的良性发挥,必须注重景观格局的优化,从而维护景观生态过程与格局的连续性.  相似文献