张掖地区春小麦生长期的辐射平衡观测   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

邹基玲  季国良 《高原气象》1994,13(3):353-358

张掖地区春小麦的反射率在整个生育期内比较稳定，变化范围在１５％－１９％；有效辐射在总辐射中所占比倒例随小麦的生长而迅速降低，从小麦的三叶期到抽穗期，该比例由３３％下降至２０％，抽穗以后，变化缓慢，最后降为１７％；与有效辐射的情况相反，净辐射在总辐射中的比例随小麦的生长而增加，比值从５０％增到６８％。  相似文献   

The Energy Balance Experiment EBEX-2000. Part III: Behaviour and quality of the radiation measurements     

W. Kohsiek  C. Liebethal  T. Foken  R. Vogt  S. P. Oncley  Ch. Bernhofer  H. A. R. Debruin 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2007,123(1):55-75

An important part of the Energy Balance Experiment (EBEX-2000) was the measurement of the net radiation and its components. Since the terrain, an irrigated cotton field, could not be considered homogeneous, radiation measurements were made at nine sites using a variety of radiation instruments, including pyranometers, pyrgeometers and net radiometers. At several of these sites multiple instruments were employed, which enabled us to compare instruments and assess accuracies. At all sites the outgoing longwave and shortwave radiation and the net radiation were measured, while the incoming radiation was supposed to be uniformly distributed over the field and was therefore measured at three sites only. Net radiation was calculated for all sites from the sum of its four components, and compared with the direct measurement of net radiometers. The main conclusions were: (a) the outgoing shortwave radiation showed differences of up to 30 W m⁻² over the field; the differences were not clearly related to the irrigation events; (b) the outgoing longwave radiation showed differences of up to 50 W m⁻²; the differences increased during the periods of irrigation; (c) the net radiation showed differences of several tens of W m⁻² across the field, rising to 50 W m⁻² or more during the periods of irrigation; (d) the net radiation is preferably to be inferred from its four components, rather than measured directly, and (e) attention should be paid to the characteristics of pyranometers that measure the outgoing radiation, and thus are mounted upside down, while they are commonly calibrated in the upward position. The error in the net radiation at EBEX-2000 is estimated at max (25 W m⁻², 5%) per site during the day and 10 W m⁻² at night. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is supported by the National Science Foundation.  相似文献   

Modeling Uranian mutual event light curves     

R. Vasundhara 《Planetary and Space Science》2008,56(14):1791-1796

Salient features of the analysis of the mutual event light curves of planetary satellites are presented. The need to carefully evaluate the flux contribution of the occulting/eclipsing satellite to the total flux is illustrated. Albedo variations on the satellites will produce signatures on the mutual event light curves. The partial events of the upcoming mutual event series of the uranian satellites can be modeled taking into account the albedo variations inferred from the maps of the southern regions imaged by Voyager 2 when only these regions are occulted/eclipsed. This will enable a robust determination of the astrometric parameters. The shape and asymmetry of the mutual event light curves along with the rotational light curves of the satellites obtained simultaneously during the planet's equinox crossing period can be utilized to obtain a coarse albedo map of the northern hemisphere of the satellites. These studies will also help in investigating possible changes in the known southern regions since the 1986 encounter of Voyager 2.  相似文献   

MODIS BRDF/Albedo数据在中国温度模拟中的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张学珍  郑景云  何凡能  王鐯森 《地理学报》2011,66(3):356-366

地表反照率直接影响地表辐射平衡,进而改变当地温度(2 m气温,下同),然后还可能通过大气平流过程影响下游地区的温度。为揭示利用实时更新的地表反照率替换WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) 模式的静态地表反照率对中国大陆温度模拟结果的影响,本文进行了两组为期6 年(2002-2007 年) 的连续积分试验：控制试验(CT试验) 采用短波波段地表反照率,取自WRF模式推荐的地表参数数据集;敏感试验(MD试验) 采用分波段的(可见光和近红外) 地表反照率,取自MODIS BRDF/Albedo数据产品。试验结果表明,CT试验能够模拟中国温度的基本空间格局,但是模拟温度相对于观测温度有明显偏差,青藏高原南部的模拟温度偏低(负偏差),最大偏低幅度为1.03oC,出现在秋季,东部地区的模拟温度偏高(正偏差),最大偏高幅度达3.4oC,出现在春季;MD试验模拟结果的正、负偏差格局与CT试验基本相似,但是与CT试验相比,MD试验模拟的青藏高原南部温度的负偏差更大,最大为1.32oC,而模拟的东部地区温度的正偏差明显减小,最大为2.97oC,这说明MD试验比CT试验模拟的温度普遍偏低。在青藏高原,这主要归因于MD试验比CT试验的地表反照率大,使得地表净辐射少,地表感热少,致使温度偏低;在中国东部的黄淮海至江南丘陵区,这主要归因于MD试验中北方蒙古高原的地表反照率比CT试验的大,使得MD试验中该地区的地表净辐射少,地表感热少,温度低,然后通过南下冷平流过程致使位于其下游的黄淮海至江南丘陵区温度降低。  相似文献   

海冰反照率参数化方案的研究回顾     

杨清华  张占海  刘骥平  吴辉碇  张林 《地球科学进展》2010,25(1):14-21

在全球变暖的背景下,北极海冰在发生快速变化,海冰覆盖范围明显减小,厚度显著变薄,积雪/海冰—反照率正反馈机制在此背景下变得愈发重要。气候系统和单一海冰模式采用了从简单到复杂的海冰反照率参数化方案。首先对模式中的海冰反照率参数化进行了回顾,并结合对现有卫星反照率产品问题的分析,概述了前人对参数化的评估研究工作。在此基础上进一步讨论了气候模式中海冰反照率参数化方案存在的问题,一方面目前的反照率参数化对海冰融池和冰间水道等物理过程的考虑还不够完善,另一方面反照率参数化方案的发展受到观测数据可用性的制约。最后对参数化的发展方向进行了初步探讨。  相似文献   

基于结构相似度的巴丹吉林沙漠地表反照率时空分布特征          下载免费PDF全文

贺鹏  郑新倩  徐立帅  杨帆 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2021,15(1):111-118

为研究巴丹吉林沙漠地表反照率的变化规律,以MODIS黑空短波地表反照率数据为基础,利用结构相似度(SSIM)算法,分析巴丹吉林沙漠地表反照率时空分布特征。结果表明:时间尺度上不同沙丘类型地表反照率结构相似度,受到风、降水、地表温度和海拔高度影响均表现为春季最大,秋、夏季次之,冬季最小,但结构相似度值域和变化幅度存在明显差异。在空间上,沙丘数量和间距是巴丹吉林沙漠地表反照率变化的主要影响因素,沙丘数量较多且间距较小时,SSIM值偏小,反之则较大。同时沙丘形态简单或相对稳定会减少地表反照率空间差异性。  相似文献