排序方式： 共有32条查询结果，搜索用时 31 毫秒
11.
Hale Ozgun Mustafa Evren Ersahin Selime Erdem Burcu Atay Sema Sayili Esra Eren Pelin Hoshan Doga Atay Mahmut Altinbas Cumali Kinaci Ismail Koyuncu 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2013,41(12):1175-1182
A reliable wastewater characterization is a prerequisite for the selection of an acceptable treatment strategy for produced water which exhibits significant differences due to the varied kinds of wells, seasonal changes, and formation types. A complete characterization of produced water generated from oil, gas, and oil–gas fields in Turkey was performed based on seasonal and locational variations. The results showed that the produced water generated from oil field wells was highly polluted and wastewater volume was higher in comparison to gas and oil–gas field wells. Besides, the characterization of produced water was varying in a wide range based on seasonal and locational variations. Useful relationships were observed between chloride, sodium, bromide, and total dissolved solids concentrations. The results can be used in the design, operation, and optimization of wastewater treatment systems of petroleum and oil industries for future studies. 相似文献
12.
汽油污染含水层中芳香烃的自然去除与生物降解特征 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
石油烃污染地下水是一个普遍而严重的环境问题.用砂卵石、中粗砂、细砂、粉砂和粘土等在实验室内按照自然界沉积物层序制作了一个含水层物理模型,具有给水、排水、监测、抽提、淋滤与注入等功能.利用该模型开展石油烃污染地下水的特征研究结果表明,苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯(benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,xylene;BTEX)各溶解组分能够被自然去除,其中甲苯自然衰减的速率系数为0.057 5～0.150 4 d-1,二甲苯为0.068 3～0.104 6 d,乙苯大约为0.047 8 d,苯为O.017 8～0.040 6 d.甲苯与二甲苯容易被去除,然而苯的去除则需要较长的时间.作为BTEX去除反应的电子受体,溶解氧、硝酸盐在需氧或厌氧条件下具有优先利用的机会,而硫酸盐则缺乏优先利用的机会.BTEX溶解组分浓度的降低,加上电子受体浓度的降低,可以表明含水层存在需氧条件与硝酸盐还原条件下的内在生物降解作用.其意义在于通过增加含水层中电子受体的浓度,将有助于内在生物降解能力的增强,从而能够提高含水层中污染物去除的效果. 相似文献
13.
空气中苯系物的热脱附～气相色谱分析法具有精度高,预处理过程无有机溶剂参与的优点。通过优化的实验流程开展研究,对实验对象得到了优于4 ng的分析灵敏度。对10 ng左右的标准样品进行六次进样分析,相对标准偏差最大为10.3%,重复性较好。对20 ng左右的有证标准样进行六次分析,分析相对误差最大为10%。经实验表明,采用热脱附～气相色谱法分析空气中痕量苯系物具有独特优势。 相似文献
14.
Numerical simulations were performed to assess the reactive transport and natural attenuation of gasoline fuel components in a 3-D sand tank model. The conceptual model includes a residual gasoline source that dissolves into the 3-D aquifer. The analysis reveals high to very high correlation between the observed and simulated values (average R2 = 0.97). A retardation factor R = 1.5, and first-order decay rate of 0.0002/day were obtained from the model calibration for BTEX. The results are highly relevant in the light of the increasing awareness of the precarious trend of lack of monitoring and remedial feasibility data for the subsoil environment in the thousands of gasoline fuel stations, and petroleum storage/distribution underground infrastructure and the riverbeds of inland waterways in Nigeria. The biodegradation rate was the most sensitive model parameter, with about 82% increase in BTEX maximum plume concentration, for the zero biodegradation scenario. 相似文献
15.
针对基于GIS的BTEX油气化探数据仓地质专题图制作系统进行研究,分析了基于自动化制图理念的数据流,提出了系统的总体构架及基于国家标准的地质符号库,并根据油田地质成果图规范开发了BTEX油气化探数据仓数据挖掘成果图的制图模板。将该系统应用于渤中凹陷的BTEX数据综合评价图的制作,结果表明该软件具有较好的人机交互性和扩展性,在满足BTEX油气化探数据仓的处理结果专题地图的制作与成果展示的基础上,能够提高BTEX油气化探地质专题图的制图效率。 相似文献
16.
Biological Treatment of a BTEX-contaminated Groundwater in a Fixed-bed Reactor Conditions for the on-site operation of a fixed-bed bioreactor for remediation of contaminated groundwater were simulated and optimized in the laboratory. Two carrier materials, polypropylene rings and porous clay beads were compared. Laboratory experiments revealed that the originally planned aeration rate of 100 m3 h–1 for the on-site-reactor (working volume 10.6 m3) had to be reduced to less than 0.7 m3 h–1 to avoid complete stripping of BTEX-compounds and to allow biofilm formation on the carrier material. The high ground water flow rate of 5 m3 per square meter of reactor surface area and hour did not prevent biofilm formation. With a bubble-free aeration system in the fixed-bed reactor with clay beads that contained an active biofilm on the surface, 97% of benzene and 99% of the total BTEX-compounds were eliminated by respiration within one hour residence time. In the reactor with polypropylene rings, only 94% of the benzene and 83% of the total BTEX-compounds were degraded under similar conditions. Thus, for BTEX-elimination clay beads performed better in the fixed-bed reactor than the polypropylene rings. 相似文献
17.
国内外研究表明钻井岩心和海底沉积物样品中单环芳烃(BTEX)指标异常与油气藏直接相关并具有高分辨、高精度特征,是有价值的油气地球化学勘探指标;但由于较深沉积物样品的采集与检测技术成本较高,限制了BTEX指标在海域油气化探工作中的推广应用。本文利用渤海北部辽东湾海域浅海的表层沉积物,通过热解析与气相色谱技术方法对其苯系物含量的特征开展研究。数据分析结果表明,在油气藏和生油凹陷上方的苯系物含量总体高于凹陷外样品,尤其是对二甲苯和间二甲苯均表现出明显差异,表明表层沉积物中的苯系物含量对生烃凹陷具有一定的指示作用。本文证实了利用表层沉积物中BTEX含量预测含油气前景区的有效性,热解析气相色谱检测苯系物含量方便快捷,减小了采样成本和分析成本,显示该技术方法在海域油气化探领域具有良好的应用前景。通过对苯系物含量异常点的分析表明,在沿岸及张性断裂上方BTEX含量出现异常高值,显示人类活动以及断裂构造对表层沉积物中的苯系物含量有明显影响,因此实际工作中应结合地质特征和其他化探指标综合分析,以降低单一化探指标的多解性。 相似文献
18.
Trimethylbenzene (TMB), as a constituent of gasoline, is often expected to be used as a conservative tracer in anaerobic BTEX-contaminated
groundwater site to correct for attenuation due to dispersion, dilution and sorption along a flow path. To evaluate the suitability
of using TMB as a tracer and to better understand biodegradability of TMB in contaminated groundwater by gasoline under anaerobic
conditions, laboratory microcosms were conducted with mixed nitrate/iron/sulfate electron-acceptor amendments, using aquifer
materials collected from Canadian Forces Base (CFB), Borden, Ontario, Canada. The results showed that under denitrifying conditions,
biodegradation of 1,3,5-TMB, 1,2,4-TMB and 1,2,3-TMB were relatively slow and after 204 days of incubation approximately 27,
24, and 16% of the initial concentrations, respectively, were degraded in the microcosms. Under sulfate-reducing conditions,
TMB isomers were recalcitrant. In contrast, significant biodegradation of TMB was observed under iron-reducing conditions.
1,3,5-TMB, 1,2,4-TMB and 1,2,3-TMB were degraded to 44, 47, and 24% of initial concentrations with first-order biodegradation
rate constants of 0.003, 0.006 and 0.013 d−1, respectively. This study indicates that TMB biodegradation is insignificant under nitrate and sulfate-reducing conditions
but significant under iron-reducing conditions. Therefore, the use of TMB as a tracer for interpreting removal of other biodegradable
gasoline constituents such as BTEX requires caution, especially in the presence of iron-reducing conditions. 相似文献
19.
污染河流中苯系物对浅层地下水影响的室内模拟试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究污染河流中苯系物对浅层地下水的影响，室内试验选用3种天然砂土作为渗透介质，以生活污水模拟污染河流，68d以后发现，苯、甲苯和苯系物总量的总去除率在粗砂中分别为32．06％、21．39％和27．13％。在两种中砂中总去除率2号柱为76．26％、81．40％和87．99％，3号柱为68．94％、74．41％和81．69％，粗砂小于中砂，并且由于2号柱的粘粒物质含量大，其总去除率大于3号柱和1号柱。苯系物各组分浓度随深度呈递减趋势，苯系物的净化作用主要发生在地表以下0．4m范围内。水动力特征的改变影响污染物的迁移和转化特征，苯系物的去除机理为挥发、吸附和生物降解，其中最主要的是厌氧条件下的微生物降解。 相似文献
20.
Contribution of anaerobic microbial activity to natural attenuation of benzene in groundwater 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
S. J. Johnson K. J. Woolhouse H. Prommer D. A. Barry N. Christofi 《Engineering Geology》2003,70(3-4):343-349
Anaerobic biodegradation of hydrocarbons, using a variety of terminal electron acceptors (TEAs), is increasingly being reported both in laboratory studies and in the field. Of all the petroleum hydrocarbons, benzene is considered the most problematical due to its high toxicity and relatively high aqueous solubility. These, combined with its peculiarly stable structure, mean that it has long been considered recalcitrant in all but aerobic conditions. There is now a small, but growing, literature to suggest that this may not in fact be the case. We present an assessment of the field, encompassing reviews up to 1997 and original papers published since then. It appears that benzene is indeed degraded anaerobically, but that organisms capable of doing so are not ubiquitous. In addition, benzene degradation may be competitively inhibited by the presence of more readily degraded compounds such as toluene. Certainly, the occurrence and rate of benzene attenuation under anaerobic conditions is far more site-specific than for other benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) compounds. We discuss a mathematical method for modelling redox-dependent, differential degradation rates. 相似文献