排序方式： 共有21条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
W. M. L. Meijninger O. K. Hartogensis W. Kohsiek J. C. B. Hoedjes R. M. Zuurbier H. A. R. De Bruin 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2002,105(1):37-62
To test the applicability of the scintillation method over a heterogeneous area an experiment was carried out in the summer of 1998 in Flevoland (The Netherlands). In the patchy area only four crops were grown namely sugar beet, potatoes, wheat and onions. From eddy covariance measurements it was found that the heterogeneity was mainly caused by differences in thermal properties. No variations in the aerodynamics roughness length were observed. Two large aperture scintillometers were installed at a height of 11.6 and 20.4 m. A good resemblance was found between the sensible heat fluxes derived from both LAS instruments and the area-averaged fluxes obtained from the in-situ eddy covariance measurements. The slight underestimation of the lower LAS could be assessed using a blending height model and an analytical footprint model. The results also indicated that when scintillometer measurements are made below the blending height the violation to Monin–Obukhov Similarity Theory is small and that reasonable fluxes can be obtained from path-averaged structure parameters. 相似文献
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中西规划与建筑文化在广东五邑侨乡的交融 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在介绍广东五邑侨乡自然和人文历史地理背景基础上,阐述以华侨为纽带引进近代西方城镇规划布局制度,营建具有岭南区域特色的骑楼、碉楼等所体现中西规划与建筑文化融合的历史过程、特质和风格,尤其是其中的文化创新,说明华侨文化是一种时代先进文化,应予继承、弘扬和发展,为今天现实服务。 相似文献
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基于雷达外推临近预报和中尺度数值预报融合技术的短时定量降水预报试验 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为克服目前中尺度数值模式在对流尺度定量降水短时预报方面的不足,弥补基于“外推”的临近预报技术在2h以上定量降水预报能力方面的缺陷,研究设计了一种基于“外推”临近预报技术和中尺度数值模式的定量降水预报(QPF)融合技术方案,并进行了试验应用.该方案首先基于雷达探测和自动气象站观测的定量降水估计(QPE)结果,对中尺度数值模式输出的定量降水预报在谱空间进行相位校正,分析计算出数值预报和观测的偏差,导出一个附加的数值预报校正场;其次,根据数值预报校正场满足一定时间变化分布的特征,调整相应时段的数值预报降水区域和强度;最后,利用双曲正切线权重函数,对校正后的数值模式定量降水预报和基于临近预报技术的定量降水预报进行融合,融合权重根据典型环流特征动态变化.融合后的定量降水预报在前1-2h表现出主要依赖“外推”临近预报结果,之后随着融合权重的变化,数值预报对融合结果的贡献逐渐加大,直至融合后5-6h占主导地位.通过对京津冀地区2011年夏季5个及2012年夏季2个典型强降水个例的80次预报试验及其检验,表明融合后的0-6h定量降水预报结果改进较为明显,总体优于单独的临近预报技术或者中尺度数值预报模式的结果. 相似文献
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全球大尺度信息在3 km GRAPES-RAFS系统中的应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了缓解快速分析预报循环过程中固定边界条件造成的预报锁定,缩短动力、热力调整时间,提高模式预报能力,全球模式产品的大尺度部分的信息被引入GRAPES-RAFS系统中,通过二维离散余弦变换方法对全球模式产品和区域分析进行谱分解,获得综合全球大尺度和区域中小尺度信息的混合尺度分析。通过2018年5月9日—6月9日1个月间歇分析预报循环,比较对照试验和混合尺度分析试验的冷启动和暖启动预报结果表明,在快速分析预报循环中,全球大尺度信息的加入不仅增加分析的大尺度部分信息和降低地面气压倾向,缩短模式预报的动力、热力调整时间,且地面要素场、分析场和降水的暖启动预报质量有显著提高;台风艾云尼路径预报也更加接近观测。另外,GRAPES-RAFS循环的暖启动与冷启动预报相比,初始场更加协调,但地面2 m气温和10 m风场的预报质量比冷启动预报差,且其ETS降水评分也明显低于冷启动预报。混合尺度方案在RAFS系统中的应用能有效提高初始场的协调性,地面、高空要素和降水预报质量得到提升。 相似文献
15.
J.R. Philip 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1997,84(1):85-98
Previous studies of blending heightsfor scalars, using periodic solutions of atmosphericconvection-diffusion equations, raise two questions. 1. What is the relation between growth of the internalboundary-layer height downwind of a step in surfaceconditions, and the increase of blending height withdownwind pattern wavelength? 2. Can the approach beextended to shear stress? The answers are: 1. Thedependence of boundary-layer height on fetch has thesame functional form as that of blending height onwavelength; but it is greater by a factor of about1.9. 2. Representing eddy diffusivity as the productof mean windspeed and a power of height gives a linearhorizontal momentum equation. A further approximationgives a convection-diffusion equation for shearstress, analogous to those used previously forscalars. 相似文献
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临近预报的两种高时空分辨率定量降水预报融合算法的对比试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
长期以来,雷达回波外推技术是0—2 h临近预报系统主要采用的方法,但其实际有效预报时间≤1 h,而中尺度数值模式预报则受平衡约束时间的限制,最初2 h的降水预报无效。为解决上述两种预报的缺陷,目前国际上流行采用外推预报与数值模式预报融合的技术,形成统一的0—6 h格点化的高分辨率无缝隙定量降水临近预报系统。对目前流行的两种融合算法（INCA（Integrated Nowcasting and Comprehensive Analysis System）算法及RAPIDS（Rainstorm Analysis and Prediction Integrated Data-processing System）算法）进行了分析和对比试验,以期为业务应用提供借鉴。RAPIDS算法的核心是用自动气象站雨量融合雷达估测得到的定量降水对模式预报的降水强度和位相进行修正;INCA算法则是用数值模式预报的风场修正外推技术的降水移动矢量。两种方法在0—6 h预报时效内,外推预报的权重均逐渐减小,模式预报的权重逐渐增大,从而实现外推预报和模式预报的平滑过渡。试验结果表明,两种方法对降水雨带和降水强度的预报均优于单一的外推预报或模式预报。集二者的优势研发最优的高时、空分辨率降水预报无缝隙融合算法,将有助于进一步提升高分辨率定量降水0—6 h无缝隙预报水平。 相似文献
18.
南海TOPEX海面高度资料的混合同化试验 总被引：16，自引：10，他引：16
应用普林斯顿海洋模式（POM），对冬季南海由TOPEX／Poseidon得到的卫星遥感海面高度资料进行混合（blending)同化试验。混合同化的权重系数由以下两者决定：南海POM模式对冬季风强迫产生响应的海面高度场之标准方差；对应期间ＴＯＰＥＸ海面高度资料的标准方差。同化结果表明，混合同化方法不失为一种简单而又有效的同化方案。同化得到的南海环流结构与未同化的模式响应场比较可以发现：海面高度资料的同化试验能够有效地修正南海环流的若干大尺度特征，特别是对冬季黑潮入侵南海东北部的动力过程，同化结果有了更准确的描述。同时，另一个重要的修正表现在：同化试验中瞬变的中等尺度涡旋得到加强，体现了南海海洋天气尺度涡被资料同化所“唤醒”（trigger)。这种“唤醒”不仅明显地反映在表层环流场中，对南海次表层动力、热盐结构也有一定的影响。 相似文献
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Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model (STARFM) has been used for the blending of Landsat and MODIS data. Specifically, the 30 m Landsat-7 ETM+ (Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus) surface reflectance was predicted for a period of 10 years (2000–2009) as the product of observed ETM+ and MODIS surface reflectance (MOD09A1) on the predicted and observed ETM+ dates. A pixel based analysis for six observed ETM+ dates covering winter and summer crops showed that the prediction method was more accurate for NIR band (mean r2 = 0.71, p ≤ 0.01) compared to green band (mean r2 = 0.53; p ≤ 0.01). A recently proposed chlorophyll index (CI), which involves NIR and green spectral bands, was used to retrieve gross primary productivity (GPP) as the product of CI and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR). The regression analysis of GPP derived from closet observed and synthetic ETM+ showed a good agreement (r2 = 0.85, p ≤ 0.01 and r2 = 0.86, p ≤ 0.01) for wheat and sugarcane crops, respectively. The difference between the GPP derived from synthetic and observed ETM+ (prediction residual) was compared with the difference in GPP values from observed ETM+ on the two dates (temporal residual). The prediction residuals (mean value of 1.97 g C/m2 in 8 days) was found to be significantly lower than the temporal residuals (mean value of 4.46 g C/m2 in 8 days) that correspondence to 12% and 27%, respectively, of GPP values (mean value of 16.53 g C/m2 in 8 days) from observed ETM+ data, implying that the prediction method was better than temporal pixel substitution. Investigating the trend in synthetic ETM+ GPP values over a growing season revealed that phenological patterns were well captured for wheat and sugarcane crops. A direct comparison between the GPP values derived from MODIS and synthetic ETM+ data showed a good consistency of the temporal dynamics but a systematic error that can be read as bias (MODIS GPP over estimation). Further, the regression analysis between observed evapotranspiration and synthetic ETM+ GPP showed good agreement (r2 = 0.66, p ≤ 0.01). 相似文献
20.
多源地震混合采集采用随机线性编码方式同时激发多个震源,检波器连续接收地震信号,获得波场混叠的炮记录.该采集技术能够显著提升采集效率和成像质量,其实现关键在于炮分离,即将相互混叠的多源波场数据彼此分离,获得传统采集的单炮记录.最小平方算法只能得到伪分离记录,不能去除混叠噪声.在高混合度的混叠数据中,混叠噪声的能量往往数倍于有效信号,炮分离难度倍增.但在伪分离记录中,该噪声在除共炮点道集以外的其它时域均为随机分布.本文研究提出了一种多时域组合迭代去噪的炮分离技术:通过运用多级中值滤波与Curvelet阈值迭代去噪算法,在不同时域根据混叠噪声特性采用相应的去噪手段,并设计迭代算法优化炮分离结果.实际资料处理结果证明:将本方法应用于高混合度的混叠数据,无论是分离质量还是计算效率,都有明显提升. 相似文献