北斗系统周跳探测与修复方法探究     

李彬 《测绘与空间地理信息》2016,(8):160-165

北斗卫星导航系统是中国自行研制的继美国GPS和俄罗斯GLONASS之后第3个成熟的卫星导航系统。进行GNSS相位数据处理的过程中,由于某种原因,载波相位观测值突然出现整周数的跳变的现象称为周跳。周跳现象的发生将会严重影响后续的数据处理,因此,有必要在解算前完成周跳探测与修复工作。本文就北斗系统周跳探测与修复课题进行了较为全面的探究,先后介绍了高次差法、多普勒法、伪距载波相位组合法、电离层残差法、三频数据组合探测法等一系列周跳探测与修复方法,可分别应用于不同频段接收机、不同观测环境、不同数据处理模式。  相似文献   

L1范数与IQR统计量组合的GNSS坐标序列粗差探测算法     

明锋  曾安敏  景一帆 《测绘科学技术学报》2016,(2):127-132

GNSS坐标时间序列中不可避免地含有粗差,未剔除的粗差将会导致参数估计有偏。因此,粗差探测与剔除是GNSS坐标序列分析中一项重要的数据预处理工作。针对GNSS坐标时间序列特点,提出了一种将L1范数(L1-norm)估计与四分位距统计量IQR(interquartile range)组合的移动开窗粗差探测算法,称之为L1_Mod IQR。该方法的主要思想是,首先利用L1范数估计得到较"真实"的残差,然后再对残差采用IQR统计量进行粗差探测。将L1_Mod IQR法与"3σ"法、基于最小二乘的τ检验法等粗差探测算法进行了模拟计算与对比,验证了该算法的有效性。进一步采用L1_Mod IQR算法对中国区域10个IGS站的高程时间序列进行了分析,结果表明中国区域IGS站高程序列的粗差剔除率最小为0.1%,最大为2.6%。并且以WUHN站为例与SOPAC提供的结果进行了对比,结果表明SOPAC提供的"Clean"数据仍含有大量的粗差,而L1_Mod IQR算法能够有效地剔除粗差。  相似文献   

ZQZ TF型风传感器冻结故障自动检测装置设计     

朱世恒  何晓庆  朱平 《气象科技》2016,44(6):902-906

近年来我国大部分地区在冬、春两季多遭受冻雨灾害,自动气象站的风向风速传感器容易因冻结而无法正常工作。针对冻结故障的实时检测问题,本文设计了一种基于ZQZ-TF型风传感器的故障自动检测装置。该装置通过检测风传感器的工作电压和工作电流,实现对传感器实时状态的监控。同时,结合具体的故障诊断算法,能够快速判断风传感器是否被冻结。系统的核心硬件电路、软件算法可分别集成在自动气象站风向风速数据采集电路和嵌入式软件中,具有结构紧凑、操作简单的特点。经验证,该装置能够实时检测风传感器冻结故障,且工作稳定,检测精度高。  相似文献   

Retrieval of effective leaf area index (LAIe) and leaf area density (LAD) profile at individual tree level using high density multi-return airborne LiDAR     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2016

As an important canopy structure indicator, leaf area index (LAI) proved to be of considerable implications for forest ecosystem and ecological studies, and efficient techniques for accurate LAI acquisitions have long been highlighted. Airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR), often termed as airborne laser scanning (ALS), once was extensively investigated for this task but showed limited performance due to its low sampling density. Now, ALS systems exhibit more competing capacities such as high density and multi-return sampling, and hence, people began to ask the questions like—“can ALS now work better on the task of LAI prediction?” As a re-examination, this study investigated the feasibility of LAI retrievals at the individual tree level based on high density and multi-return ALS, by directly considering the vertical distributions of laser points lying within each tree crown instead of by proposing feature variables such as quantiles involving laser point distribution modes at the plot level. The examination was operated in the case of four tree species (i.e. Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Populus tremula and Quercus robur) in a mixed forest, with their LAI-related reference data collected by using static terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). In light of the differences between ALS- and TLS-based LAI characterizations, the methods of voxelization of 3D scattered laser points, effective LAI (LAIe) that does not distinguish branches from canopies and unified cumulative LAI (ucLAI) that is often used to characterize the vertical profiles of crown leaf area densities (LADs) was used; then, the relationships between the ALS- and TLS-derived LAIes were determined, and so did ucLAIs. Tests indicated that the tree-level LAIes for the four tree species can be estimated based on the used airborne LiDAR (R² = 0.07, 0.26, 0.43 and 0.21, respectively) and their ucLAIs can also be derived. Overall, this study has validated the usage of the contemporary high density multi-return airborne LiDARs for LAIe and LAD profile retrievals at the individual tree level, and the contribution are of high potential for advancing forest ecosystem modeling and ecological understanding.  相似文献   

利用GNSS干涉信号振荡幅度反演土壤湿度   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

汉牟田  张波  杨东凯  洪学宝  杨磊  宋曙辉 《测绘学报》2016,45(11):1293-1300

根据干涉效应和GNSS接收机信噪比估计方法,推导了利用GNSS干涉信号幅度进行土壤湿度反演的模型,建模过程考虑了天线增益、土壤介电常数和噪声的影响。提出了使用AMPD算法从含有噪声的归一化干涉功率曲线中提取干涉峰值与谷值,进而反演了土壤介电常数与土壤湿度的方法,并对其进行了仿真。结果表明,利用提取出来的干涉谷值进行反演性能比峰值好,相对稳定准确的卫星仰角范围为5°~25°,湿度大于0.06cm~3/cm~3时反演结果更为准确,标准差在0.01cm~3/cm~3左右波动。  相似文献   

纹理特征向量与最大化熵法相结合的SAR影像非监督变化检测   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

庄会富  邓喀中  范洪冬 《测绘学报》2016,45(3):339-346

合成孔径雷达(SAR)影像具有明显的斑点噪声,在变化检测中,一般需要考虑空间邻域信息。本文结合SAR影像丰富的纹理信息,提出一种考虑空间邻域信息的高分辨率SAR影像非监督变化检测方法,用基于灰度共生矩阵(GLCM)的32维纹理特征向量构造差异影像。通过最大化熵法自动选取阈值,对精度指标随窗口大小的变化进行回归分析,得到适合于变化检测的窗口为11×11。试验表明,本文方法优于马尔科夫随机场法,可以减小斑点噪声的影响,有效提高高分辨率SAR影像变化检测的精度。  相似文献   

多光谱遥感影像亮度空间相位一致性特征点检测     

陈敏  朱庆  朱军  徐柱  黄澜心 《测绘学报》2016,45(2):178-185

提出了一种基于亮度空间和相位一致性理论的多光谱遥感影像特征点检测算法。首先利用参数自适应的灰度变换函数建立影像亮度空间;然后结合相位一致性方法在影像亮度空间进行候选特征点检测,并将候选特征点映射到原始影像上进行非极大值抑制;最后在尺度空间计算特征点的特征尺度值。本文方法有效结合了亮度空间特征检测和相位一致性特征检测的优势,对多光谱遥感影像的辐射变化具有较强的稳健性。试验结果证明,与传统特征点检测算法相比,本文方法在特征重复率和重复特征数量方面都具有明显的优势。  相似文献   

地表覆盖遥感产品更新完善的研究动向     

陈军  张俊  张委伟  彭舒 《遥感学报》2016,20(5):991-1001

近年来,多尺度地表覆盖遥感产品的不断涌现,为环境变化研究、地球系统模拟、地理国(世)情监测和可持续发展规划等提供了重要科学数据。为更好地满足广大用户日益增长的应用需求,应对地表覆盖遥感产品进行持续更新完善,保持其时效性、增强时序性、丰富多样性。针对大面积地表覆盖遥感产品更新完善所面临的主要问题,介绍和评述了国内外有关研究动向,包括影像与众源信息相结合的更新、数据类型细化与完善、地表覆盖真实性验证,并作了简要展望。  相似文献   

双频BDS实时精密单点定位算法和精度分析     

刘国仕  薛建华  付文举 《测绘科学》2016,41(10):44-47

为了对BDS实时精密单点定位性能进行评估,该文提出了一种适用于BDS系统的实时精密单点定位算法。采用无电离组合模型作为双频实时精密单点定位的数学模型,采用电离层残差法和Melbourne-Wübbena组合实时探测相位周跳,进而单历元实时估计坐标、模糊度等参数,实现了BDS双频实时精密单点定位算法。基于此算法,采用轨道钟差产品和采样间隔为1s的观测数据,模拟实时BDS双频精密单点定位算法,并评估其定位精度。实验结果表明:BDS双频实时定位的平面精度和三维精度均为0.2m左右。  相似文献   

Change Analysis of Three Major Antarctic Ice Shelves Based on Multi-source Remote Sensing Data     

Wu Chenxi  Liu Shijie  Tian Yixiang  Tong Xiaohua 《地球科学进展》2016,31(2):206-212

In recent years, melting and calving happen in the Antarctic ice shelves. In this paper, seven periods of coastlines were applied to provide an analysis of the ice front changes of Ross, Filchner-Ronne and Amery ice shelves with the inclusion of 1997 and 2000 Radarsat products, 2003/2004 and 2008/2009 MODIS products and 2006, 2012, 2015 coastline which were extracted from MODIS images. Change area, SCE (Shoreline Change Envelope) and NSM (Net Shoreline Movement) were applied to analyze the variation of the ice shelf front. The results shows that, the ice front of Amery ice shelf has advanced since 1997 and the total outward extension distance of the ice front was about 20 to 25 km while the advance area reached 3.03×10³ km². Ross ice shelf and Filchner-Ronne ice shelf continued to advance after ice calving events under the driver action of glacier. However, the advance area was less than the retreat area and the net change area is respectively -9.39×10³ km² and -5.86×10³ km². The retreat distance of the collapse area were up to 53 km and 39 km in the two biggest ice shelves.  相似文献