Timings of early crustal activity in southern highlands of Mars:Periods of crustal stretching and shortening     

Trishit Ruj  Goro Komatsu  Jan Hendrik Pasckert  James M.Dohm 《地学前缘(英文版)》2019,10(3):1029-1037

Extensional and compressional structures are globally abundant on Mars. Distribution of these structures and their ages constrain the crustal stress state and tectonic evolution of the planet. Here in this paper, we report on our investigation over the distribution of the tectonic structures and timings of the associated stress fields from the Noachis-Sabaea region. Thereafter, we hypothesize possible origins in relation to the internal/external processes through detailed morphostructural mapping. In doing so, we have extracted the absolute model ages of these linear tectonic structures using crater size-frequency distribution measurements, buffered crater counting in particular. The estimated ages indicate that the tectonic structures are younger than the mega impacts events(especially Hellas) and instead they reveal two dominant phases of interior dynamics prevailing on the southern highlands, firstly the extensional phase terminating around3.8 Ga forming grabens and then compressional phase around 3.5-3.6 Ga producing wrinkle ridges and lobate scarps. These derived absolute model ages of the grabens exhibit the age ca. 100 Ma younger than the previously documented end of the global extensional phase. The following compressional activity corresponds to the peak of global contraction period in Early Hesperian. Therefore, we conclude that the planet wide heat loss mechanism, involving crustal stretching coupled with gravitationally driven relaxation(i.e.,lithospheric mobility) resulted in the extensional structures around Late Noachian(around 3.8 Ga). Lately cooling related global contraction generated compressional stress ensuing shortening of the upper crust of the southern highlands at the Early Hesperian period(around 3.5-3.6 Ga).  相似文献   

卫星面降水估计人工神经网络方法   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8  

师春香  卢乃锰  张文建 《气候与环境研究》2001,6(4):467-472

介绍了人工神经网络原理和卫星云图估计降水的原理.从GMS红外卫星云图资料中抽取12个降水云图特征量,构造了网络结构为12-98-7的降水估计人工神经网络模型,并用1993年的小时地面雨量资料和GMS数字云图资料对神经网络模型进行训练,用1992和1994年资料对该神经网络模型分别进行测试.在日面降水估计试验中,地面雨量计值和卫星估计降水之间的相关系数分别为0.94和0.97,相对误差分别为41%和32%.  相似文献   

复杂环境下基于GPS+BDS-3的PPP/INS/ODO组合导航性能分析     

张辉  余容  赵健  陈雨然 《大地测量与地球动力学》2022,42(3):275-280

针对复杂环境下单一导航定位技术存在精度低、可靠性和完整性差的问题,提出一种GPS+BDS-3的PPP/INS/ODO组合导航方案.采用GPS+BDS-3双系统观测数据,推导无电离层组合PPP模型,进一步给出PPP/INS/ODO组合模型并分析时间异步及杆臂误差的处理策略,结合里程计测速信息和非完整性约束信息,提高组合导...  相似文献   

我国海洋卫星数据应用发展现状与思考     

文质彬  吴园涛  李琛  殷建平 《热带海洋学报》2021,40(6):23-30

海洋科学是一门依赖于观测的学科, 而卫星是海洋研究的重要观测平台之一, 海洋卫星数据在海洋科学研究中具有重要的意义。21世纪初以来, 我国陆续发射了多颗专门用于海洋观测的卫星, 初步拥有自主海洋卫星全球观测网络。本文针对国内外海洋卫星资源基本情况, 总结了我国海洋卫星数据应用发展现状, 特别是海洋卫星数据接收、处理、管理、应用等方面的情况, 并分析、探讨了我国海洋科学研究对卫星数据的需求, 以及我国海洋卫星数据科学应用存在的问题和发展策略。  相似文献   

苦参地肤洗剂治疗急性湿疹42例临床观察          下载免费PDF全文

刘琪  谢明艳  张状金 《应用海洋学学报》2021,37(9):15

目的：探讨苦参地肤洗剂治疗急性湿疹的临床疗效。方法：将急性湿疹患者84 例随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各42 例。治疗组采用苦参地肤洗剂冷湿敷治疗,对照组采用3%硼酸洗液冷湿敷治疗,疗程均为2周。观察2组湿疹面积及严重程度指数（EASI）评分、瘙痒程度［视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分］及生活质量指数（DLQI）评分,并评定综合疗效。结果：总有效率治疗组为92.86%（39/42）,高于对照组的76.19%（32/42）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后EASI评分及治疗前后EASI评分差值2组间比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;治疗后VAS评分、DLQI评分及其治疗前后差值2组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论：苦参地肤洗剂治疗急性湿疹效果明显,使用方便,疗效较3%硼酸洗液优,值得临床推广。  相似文献   

The 1‐million‐year‐old quartz assemblage from Pont‐de‐Lavaud (Centre,France) in the European context          下载免费PDF全文

Jackie Despriée  Marie‐Hélène Moncel  Marta Arzarello  Gilles Courcimault  Pierre Voinchet  Jean‐Jacques Bahain  Christophe Falguères 《第四纪科学杂志》2018,33(6):639-661

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Anthropogenic impact in the Maya Lowlands of Petén,Guatemala, during the last 5500 years          下载免费PDF全文

D. Battistel  M. Roman  A. Marchetti  N. M. Kehrwald  M. Radaelli  E. Balliana  G. Toscano  C. Barbante 《第四纪科学杂志》2018,33(2):166-176

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The role of fog,orography, and seasonality on precipitation in a semiarid,tropical island          下载免费PDF全文

Sarah R. Schmitt  Diego A. Riveros‐Iregui  Jia Hu 《水文研究》2018,32(18):2792-2805

Isotopes of water (²H/¹H and ¹⁸O/¹⁶O) are commonly used to trace hydrological processes such as moisture recycling, evaporation loss, and moisture source region and often vary temporally in a given region. This study provides a first‐ever characterization of temporally variable precipitation mechanisms of San Cristóbal Island, Galápagos. We collected fog, rain, and throughfall samples over three field seasons to understand the mechanisms driving seasonal‐ and event‐based variability in the isotopic composition of precipitation in Galápagos. We establish that fog is a common phenomenon in San Cristóbal, especially during the dry season, and we found that fog, compared with cocollected rainfall, is consistently enriched. We further suggest that the relative contribution of fog formed via different mechanisms (orographic, advective, radiation) varied seasonally. We found that the source region is the most dominant control of the isotopic composition of rainfall in the Galápagos at both the seasonal and event scales, but subcloud evaporative processes (the nontraditional manifestation of the amount effect) became a dominant control on the isotopic composition of rainfall during the dry season. Overall, our findings suggest that understanding seasonally variable water‐generating mechanisms is required for effective water resource management in San Cristóbal Island and other semiarid island ecosystems under current and future regimes of climate change.  相似文献   

Stormflow threshold behaviour in a subtropical mountainous headwater catchment during forest recovery period     

Lezhang Wei  Zhijun Qiu  Guangyi Zhou  Tsuyoshi Kinouchi  Yu Liu 《水文研究》2020,34(8):1728-1740

Forest ecohydrological feedbacks complicate the threshold behaviour of stormflow response to precipitation or wetting conditions on a long-term scale (e.g. several years). In this study, the threshold behaviours in an evergreen-deciduous mixed forested headwater catchment in southern China were examined during 2009–2015, when damaged vegetation was recovering after the great 2008 Chinese ice and snowstorm. The non-uniqueness of the thresholds and the slow and rapid responses of stormflow at the outlet of the catchment in different hydro-climate datasets with different maximum values of gross precipitation (P) and sums of precipitation and antecedent soil moisture index (P + ASI) were assessed. The thresholds of P and P + ASI required to trigger stormflows (i.e. ‘generation thresholds’) and the transition from slow to rapid responses of stormflow (i.e. ‘rise thresholds’) were compared both seasonally and annually. The results indicated significant differences in the analysed datasets, highlighting the need to compare thresholds with care to avoid misinterpretation. Seasonal variations in threshold behaviours in the catchment suggested that vegetation canopy interception contributed to higher rise thresholds, and wetter conditions resulted in higher runoff sensitivity to precipitation during the growing and rainy seasons. Furthermore, the generation thresholds were higher in the dormant season, possibly due to drier soil moisture conditions in the near-channel areas. During the vegetation recovery period, the annual generation thresholds increased, however the rise thresholds did not exhibit a similar trend. The rapid stormflow response above the threshold decreased, possibly due to transpiration and interception of the recovered vegetation. However, the slow stormflow response to small rainfall events below the thresholds was higher in wetter years but lower in drier years, suggesting that the total water input dominated the stormflow response during small rainfall events. In conclusion, the seasonal and annual variations in threshold behaviours highlight that vegetation recovery and hydro-climatic conditions had a notable impact on the stormflow response.  相似文献   

全球重大疫情下的科研合作格局及其演化——以SARS、H1N1、西非Ebola和COVID-19研究为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

段德忠 《地理研究》2021,40(1):93-108

国际合作不仅是全球探索前沿科学的主导力量,也是全球应对资源环境、气候变化、健康卫生、公共安全等问题的最佳途径。本文基于Web of Science核心数据库,系统梳理了几次全球重大疫情期间的围绕病毒及相关研究的科研合作情况及其演化态势。研究发现：① 在SARS、H1N1、西非Ebola病毒及相关研究的国际合作上,美国皆扮演重要角色,但中国香港在SARS病毒研究上以及欧洲国家在Ebola病毒研究上也发挥关键作用。② 通过截取四个时间节点上的COVID-19研究文献发表情况发现,中国和美国是两个最为重要的国家,尤其是中美之间的国际合作更是架构COVID-19研究国际合作网络的骨架。鉴于当前COVID-19全球大流行态势,本文建议中国研究机构应当充分利用此次COVID-19病毒在中国较早被发现的“契机”和当前中国有效控制的局势,继续加强对COVID-19病毒及疫苗的各项研究,强化对病毒动物宿主和传播途径的了解,并积极与国外科研机构,尤其是与疫情严重国家和地区的科研机构进行合作,提升科研实力和国际影响力。在合作策略上可借助中国香港地区的优势,与国外相关研究机构开展三方或多方合作。  相似文献