大庆市云水资源开发潜力估算   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

刘玉梅 《气象与环境学报》2006,22(2):59-61

通过对1971～2000年大庆市气候资料普查,分析并得出了大庆地区降水特征,并对4~6月主要降水天气系统计算了其降雨效率及增雨潜力。结果表明:大庆地区人工增雨潜力为40%～60%,为进一步开发云水资源提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

Review of River Bank Erosion Research   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Dai Hailun  Dai Jiabing  Shu Anping  Zhang Keli 《地球科学进展》2013,28(9):988-996

Riverbank erosion is a critical style of lateral channel change. It threatens the arable land, ecological environment, as well as the people’s lives and properties along the river. Through review on the research process of riverbank erosion globally, four aspects were classified and described: ①Riverbank erosion processes and mechanisms. The occurence and development of riverbank erosion is quite complicated, composed by multiple processes, which are hard to separate with each other. Therefore, the scholars have proposed a lot of theories to describe the processes. Among the theories, “Riverbank Stability Theory” has been widely recognized and developed. ②Factors of riverbank erosion. The key factors that affect riverbank erosion include hydrology conditions of the river, soil properties, geomorphology, vegetation of the river bank and meteorology. However, it should be noted that the importance of different factors in the collapse process is not equivalent and effects of the same factor on different rivers are various. ③Riverbank erosion estimation. With the tremendous improvement of quantification recently, time interval of erosion measurement is shortening continuously, while spatial scale is larger and larger. At the same time, resolution is becoming increasingly high. Erosion pin was commonly used in early studies because of its easy use and low cost, whereas remote sensing and digital photogrammetry have more advantages in modern measurement. ④Modeling of riverbank erosion. At present, the models are mainly based on the fundamental theories of hydraulics and soil mechanics, to study river bank stability. According to the review of the four aspects above, problems of recent researches and prospects of possible development in the future were discussed. The researchers should pay much attention to temporal spatial distribution of riverbank erosion first before further research. The study would be greatly helpful to the researchers for the specific river reach when choosing the proper theories as well as technologies for measurement and quantification, study the riverbank erosion through both macroscopic and microscopic views, and predict the erosion for management purpose.  相似文献   

Determining hydraulic properties of a loam soil by alternative infiltrometer techniques          下载免费PDF全文

V. Alagna  V. Bagarello  S. Di Prima  M. Iovino 《水文研究》2016,30(2):263-275

Testing infiltrometer techniques to determine soil hydraulic properties is necessary for specific soils. For a loam soil, the water retention and hydraulic conductivity predicted by the BEST (Beerkan Estimation of Soil Transfer parameters) procedure of soil hydraulic characterization was compared with data collected by more standard laboratory and field techniques. Six infiltrometer techniques were also compared in terms of saturated soil hydraulic conductivity, K_s. BEST yielded water retention values statistically similar to those obtained in the laboratory and K_s values practically coinciding with those determined in the field with the pressure infiltrometer (PI). The unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivity measured with the tension infiltrometer (TI) was reproduced satisfactorily by BEST only close to saturation. BEST, the PI, one‐potential experiments with both the TI and the mini disk infiltrometer (MDI), the simplified falling head (SFH) technique and the bottomless bucket (BB) method yielded statistically similar estimates of K_s, differing at the most by a factor of three. Smaller values were obtained with longer and more soil‐disturbing infiltration runs. Any of the tested infiltration techniques appears usable to obtain the order of magnitude of K_s at the field site, but the BEST, BB and PI data appear more appropriate to characterize the soil at some stage during a rainfall event. Additional investigations on both similar and different soils would allow development of more general procedures to apply infiltrometer techniques for soil hydraulic characterization. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Generating probabilistic estimates of hydrological response for Irish catchments using a weather generator and probabilistic climate change scenarios     

Satish Bastola  Conor Murphy  Rowan Fealy 《水文研究》2012,26(15):2307-2321

In accounting for uncertainties in future simulations of hydrological response of a catchment, two approaches have come to the fore: deterministic scenario‐based approaches and stochastic probabilistic approaches. As scenario‐based approaches result in a wide range of outcomes, the role of probabilistic‐based estimates of climate change impacts for policy formulation has been increasingly advocated by researchers and policy makers. This study evaluates the impact of climate change on seasonal river flows by propagating daily climate time series, derived from probabilistic‐based climate scenarios using a weather generator (WGEN), through a set of conceptual hydrological models. Probabilistic scenarios are generated using two different techniques. The first technique used probabilistic climate scenarios developed from statistically downscaled scenarios for Ireland, hereafter called SDprob. The second technique used output from 17 global climate models (GCMs), all of which participated in CMIP3, to generate change factors (hereafter called CF). Outputs from both the SDprob and the CF approach were then used in combination with WGEN to generate daily climate scenarios for use in the hydrological models. The range of simulated flow derived with the CF method is in general larger than those estimated with the SDprob method in winter and vice versa because of the strong seasonality in the precipitation signal for the 17 GCMs. Despite this, the simulated probability density function of seasonal mean streamflow estimated with both methods is similar. This indicates the usefulness of the SDprob or probabilistic approach derived from regional scenarios compared with the CF method that relies on sampling a diversity of response from the GCMs. Irrespective of technique used, the probability density functions of seasonal mean flow produced for four selected basins is wide indicating considerable modelling uncertainties. Such a finding has important implications for developing adaptation strategies at the catchment level in Ireland. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于可变步长的光谱响应曲线分形维计算方法研究     

吕凤华  舒宁  陶建斌  付晶 《国土资源遥感》2011,22(1):37-41

提出了一种基于可变步长(即基于不同采样率)的高光谱图像响应曲线分形维计算方法.该方法在不同的采样率下对光谱响应曲线进行采样,计算相邻点的光谱响应差值,统计采样点的差值总和,利用最小二乘法求出分形维.为了提高计算效率,运用多线程的技术将高光谱图像分成几个部分,各部分的分形维由多核计算机同时并行计算.实验结果表明,该方法能...  相似文献   

森林地上生物量遥感估测研究进展   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

娄雪婷  曾源  吴炳方 《国土资源遥感》2011,22(1):1-8

森林生物量是衡量生态系统生产力的重要指标,也是研究森林生态系统物质循环的重要基础,其估测方法可以分为传统地面实测法、遥感监测法和综合模型法.随着生物量估测从样地研究发展到区域应用,空间尺度的增大导致宏观资料和参数的获取存在很多困难.在深入分析目前应用遥感技术估算森林生物量的方法及原理基础上,系统评述了统计模型、物理模型...  相似文献   

美国SEC新准则下类比油气藏建立方法研究     

孙秋分  蒋新  刘展  谢锦龙  孟海燕  徐良  王柏力 《海相油气地质》2011,16(4):71-77

通过研究和对比SEC新准则下的类比油气藏及SPE PRMS(油气资源管理系统)中的类比内容,结合国内油气藏类型与特征,提供了类比油气藏的建立原则和具体步骤方法以及建立类比油藏与类比气藏实例.对油气藏地质特性、流体特性、岩石物性、工程特性、经济参数等进行综合研究,优选出类比油藏37个参数,类比气藏34个参数,可供定量分析...  相似文献   

Statistical approach to inverse distance interpolation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Olena Babak  Clayton V. Deutsch 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2009,23(5):543-553

Inverse distance interpolation is a robust and widely used estimation technique. Variants of kriging are often proposed as statistical techniques with superior mathematical properties such as minimum error variance; however, the robustness and simplicity of inverse distance interpolation motivate its continued use. This paper presents an approach to integrate statistical controls such as minimum error variance into inverse distance interpolation. The optimal exponent and number of data may be calculated globally or locally. Measures of uncertainty and local smoothness may be derived from inverse distance estimates.  相似文献   

地质灾害危险性评估及相关技术问题评述   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄雅虹  吕悦军  张世民 《震灾防御技术》2007,2(1):83-91

建设用地地质灾害危险性评估,是有效预防、减轻或避免地质灾害对未来工程设施及其运行环境直接危害和间接危害的一项主动防灾措施。本文基于近年来在开展此项工作中的一些经验和体会,对地质灾害评估工作的整体流程,包括评估依据、技术内容、评审要求及评估工作完成后如何备案等进行了评述,并对地质灾害评估工作经常遇到的一些具体技术问题进行了探讨。  相似文献   

丽江石鼓马工村铜矿资源评价     

苏继泉 《云南地质》2009,28(3):254-258

矿床为典型的层控砂岩铜矿,重新估算铜矿床资源量,提出难选氧化矿石的“氨浸搅拌浸出→萃取→电积→浸渣浮选”加工处理流程,综合回收率提高至80％以上,并对矿床资源经济进行有效评价,为资源开发及回收利用提供可靠依据。  相似文献