基于机器学习的参考作物蒸散量估算研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

毛亚萍  房世峰 《地球信息科学学报》2020,22(8):1692-1701

参考作物蒸散量（Reference Evapotranspiration, ET₀）的准确估算对区域水资源管理和分配、流域水量平衡以及气候变化等研究具有重要作用。新疆地处我国西北干旱地区,水资源供需矛盾尖锐,精确估算该地区的ET₀有助于其科学合理地调配水资源,缓解水资源供需压力。FAO推荐的Penman-Monteith法是计算ET₀的标准方法,但该方法需要多项气象因子,而新疆地区气象站点较少且分布不均,精确完备的气象数据在新疆大部分区域难以获取。因此,如何使用有限气象因子获取高精度的ET₀在新疆地区备受关注。本文基于中国气象数据网提供的新疆地区1980—2019年的地面气候资料日值数据集,在日和月尺度下,通过对最高气温T_max、最低气温T_min、平均气温T_avg、风速U₂、相对湿度RH和日照时数n共6项气象因子进行敏感性分析,形成不同的气象因子组合;然后使用SVM、RF、GBDT和ELM 4种机器学习算法,以FAO-56 PM计算值为标准值,对新疆地区的ET₀进行了拟合建模;最后,从拟合精度、稳定性和计算代价3个方面对模型进行评价。研究表明：① 在新疆地区,ET₀对RH、T_max和U₂敏感系数级别为高,平均敏感系数分别为-0.516、0.283和0.266;n为中等,平均敏感系数为0.124;T_min和T_avg为低,平均敏感系数分别为-0.016和-0.003;② 在日尺度,各算法在RH、T_max、U₂和n这4项气象因子为输入时精度较高（RMSE<0.5 mm/day,R²>0.95）,可对ET₀进行精确估算;在月尺度,各算法使用RH、T_max和U₂这3项参数便可对ET₀进行精确估算。SVM和GBDT这2种算法在日尺度和月尺度都有较好的适用性,可在相应尺度下使用较少气象因子替代FAO-56 PM公式对ET₀进行估算。  相似文献   

Inter-annual Variability of Moisture Flux from the Prairie Agro-ecosystem: Impact of Crop Phenology on the Seasonal Pattern of Tornado Days   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R. L. Raddatz  J. D. Cummine 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2003,106(2):283-295

This study, through the inclusion of a simpleparameterization of the phenologicaldevelopment of spring wheat in evapotranspirationsimulations for 1988–2000, at a representativearid grassland and a representative transitionalgrassland site, delineated the inter-annualvariability of the seasonal moisture flux from theCanadian Prairie agro-ecosystem. Theagro-ecosystem's contribution to atmospheric boundary-layermoisture, at these representative sites, wasrelated to the seasonal pattern of tornado days in thegrassland eco-climatic zone for the averageyear, for a warmer/drier year and for a cooler/wetteryear. The following conclusions were drawn:(1) The moisture flux from the Prairie agro-ecosystemdisplays considerable inter-annualvariability due, in the main, to the rate andtiming of crop phenological development andassociated biophysical parameters, and (2) themoisture flux from the Prairie agro-ecosystemtranslates directly into changes in atmosphericboundary-layer moisture, which subsequentlyaffects the magnitude of the potential energyavailable for deep convection and the seasonalpattern of tornado days. For expansive agriculturalareas, representing the inter-annual variabilityof crop phenological development in land surfacemodels is critical to the successful simulationof the surface moisture flux, and thus thethermodynamic properties of the atmospheric boundarylayer. Therefore, it is of particularimportance to Prairie climate and climate change modelling.  相似文献   

柽柳灌丛热量收支特性与蒸散研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

张小由  龚家栋  周茂先  司建华 《高原气象》2004,23(2):228-232

Bowen能量平衡法是广泛用于测定各种低矮植物蒸散的常用方法。本文将改进的波文比—能量观测系统用于测定灌木柽柳群落的测定，通过6～9月对感热通量、潜热通量、土壤热通量等的测定，计算出额济纳地区柽柳灌丛(6～9月)的蒸散量为335．31mm；在8月潜热通量占能量支出量的62．85％，感热通量占32．85％，土壤热通量占4．44％。在日变化中，潜热在上午大于感热，下午感热交换大于潜热。  相似文献   

基于SPEI的辽西地区气象干旱时空分布特征     

何鑫  吴吉东  李颖  冯玉 《干旱区地理》2017,40(2):340-347

干旱是辽西地区最为频繁的自然灾害之一,已严重制约人们的生活和经济发展。以辽宁省西部作为研究区域,借助该区8个气象站点1960-2015年逐月气温、降水数据,计算年、季、月时间尺度的标准化降水蒸散指数（SPEI）,并进行Mann-Kendall 趋势变化和ArcGIS空间可视化分析,揭示了辽西地区近56a气象干旱的时间变化趋势,以及干旱频率和干旱强度的空间分布特征。结果表明：近56a辽西地区干旱发生频率呈现上升趋势,尤其是21世纪以来;季节干旱变化趋势不甚明显,各季节均有干旱发生,其中秋季干旱最严重;辽西各地区均有干旱发生,在年尺度、季尺度和月尺度下发生频率分布不均,总体呈西部频率高东部频率低的趋势;21世纪以来发生连续干旱次数较多,干旱发生强度呈现西南强,东北弱的分布特征,高值中心在建平。  相似文献   

Physico‐Chemical and Bacterial Characteristics of Water Quality in Three Villages West of Lake Nasser,Egypt     

Mohamed Nageeb Rashed  Magdy Younis 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(11):1229-1235

The present study aims to investigate physico‐chemical and bacterial characteristics of Nasser Lake water and houses drinking water, as well as fish cultures and its wastewater, in three villages west of Lake Nasser, Egypt. Fifteen representative water samples (Nasser Lake, different drinking water, fish cultures, and wastewater sources) were collected from three villages (Garf Hussein, Bashaier, and Kalabsha) in the west of Lake Nasser. Physico‐chemical, total viable counts, and bacterial qualification of water were achieved. The obtained results indicated that the produced water, supposed to be for domestic use in the three villages, contained all the tested organisms. The investigated water samples of the lake and drinking water in the selected three villages are supposed to be chemically safe according to World Health Organization and to Egyptian standards for drinking water. Water pollution index (WPI) was used in this study and the result concluded that for irrigation canals from the lake to the agriculture site, fish cultures (both concrete and earth pond systems), and drainage canal of fish ponds need to be treated before it is discharged to the lake. It is better to reuse it after treatment for agricultural purposes or recycled it to the fish cultures.  相似文献   

Predicting runoff in ungauged catchments by using Xinanjiang model with MODIS leaf area index   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Hongxia Li  Yongqiang Zhang  Francis H.S. Chiew  Shiguo Xu 《Journal of Hydrology》2009,370(1-4):155-162

Vegetation processes are seldom considered in lumped conceptual rainfall–runoff (RR) models although they have significant impacts on runoff via the control of evapotranspiration. This paper incorporates the remotely-sensed the moderate resolution imaging spectrometer mounted on the polar-orbiting terra satellite-leaf area index (MODIS-LAI) data into Xinanjiang rainfall–runoff model and assesses the model performance on 210 catchments in south-east Australia. The results show that the inclusion of LAI data improves both the model calibration results as well as the daily runoff prediction in ungauged catchments. It is likely that more significant improvements to the model structure to integrate the remotely-sensed vegetation and other data can further reduce the uncertainty in runoff prediction in ungauged catchments.  相似文献   

Assessing the impact of interannual variability of precipitation and potential evaporation on evapotranspiration     

《Advances in water resources》2014

The impact of interannual variability of precipitation and potential evaporation on the long-term mean annual evapotranspiration as well as on the interannual variability of evapotranspiration is studied using a stochastic soil moisture model within the Budyko framework. Results indicate that given the same long-term mean annual precipitation and potential evaporation, including interannual variability of precipitation and potential evaporation reduces the long-term mean annual evapotranspiration. This reduction effect is mostly prominent when the dryness index (i.e., the ratio of potential evaporation to precipitation) is within the range from 0.5 to 2. The maximum reductions in the evaporation ratio (i.e., the ratio of evapotranspiration to precipitation) can reach 8–10% for a range of coefficient of variation (CV) values for precipitation and potential evaporation. The relations between the maximum reductions and the CV values of precipitation and potential evaporation follow power laws. Hence the larger the interannual variability of precipitation and potential evaporation becomes, the larger the reductions in the evaporation ratio will be. The inclusion of interannual variability of precipitation and potential evaporation also increases the interannual variability of evapotranspiration. It is found that the interannual variability of daily rainfall depth and that of the frequency of daily rainfall events have quantitatively different impacts on the interannual variability of evapotranspiration; and they also interact differently with the interannual variability of potential evaporation. The results presented in this study demonstrate the importance of understanding the role of interannual variability of precipitation and potential evaporation in land surface hydrology under a warming climate.  相似文献   

Responses of water use efficiency to phenology in typical subtropical forest ecosystems——A case study in Zhejiang Province     

Fengsheng GUO  Jiaxin JIN  Bin YONG  Ying WANG  Hong JIANG 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2020,63(1):145-156

Ecosystem-scale water-use efficiency(WUE) is an important indicator for understanding the intimately coupled relationship between carbon and water cycles in ecosystems. Previous studies have suggested that both abiotic and biotic factors have significant effects on WUE in forest ecosystems. However, responses of WUE to phenology in the context of climate change remain poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the sensitivity and response patterns of seasonal WUE to phenology in Zhejiang Province where typical subtropical forest ecosystems are located, and discussed potential causes of the changes of the sensitivity and response patterns along different climate gradient during 2000–2014. The results of interannual partial correlation analysis showed widespread negative correlations between WUE and the start of growing season(SOS) in spring. This is because the increase in gross primary product(GPP) is larger than that of evapotranspiration(ET), resulting from an advanced SOS. The positive correlation between WUE and SOS was widely observed in summer mainly because of water stress and plant ecological strategy. The autumn WUE enhanced with the delay in the end of growing season(EOS)mainly because of the increase in GPP meanwhile the decrease or steadiness in ET, resulting from a delayed EOS. In space, the sensitivity of spring WUE to SOS significantly decreased along the radiation gradient, which might be related to strong soil evaporation in high radiation area;the sensitivity of WUE to SOS in summer showed a positive correlation with precipitation and a negative correlation with temperature, respectively, which might be attributed to the compensation of GPP to the delayed SOS and water stress caused by high temperature. The sensitivity of WUE to EOS increased significantly along the radiation and precipitation gradients in autumn, which may be because the increase of radiation and precipitation provides more water and energy for photosynthesis.  相似文献   

Sensitivity and uncertainty quantification for the ECOSTRESS evapotranspiration algorithm – DisALEXI     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

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Generation and evaluation of gross primary productivity using Landsat data through blending with MODIS data     

Devendra Singh 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2011

Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model (STARFM) has been used for the blending of Landsat and MODIS data. Specifically, the 30 m Landsat-7 ETM+ (Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus) surface reflectance was predicted for a period of 10 years (2000–2009) as the product of observed ETM+ and MODIS surface reflectance (MOD09A1) on the predicted and observed ETM+ dates. A pixel based analysis for six observed ETM+ dates covering winter and summer crops showed that the prediction method was more accurate for NIR band (mean r² = 0.71, p ≤ 0.01) compared to green band (mean r² = 0.53; p ≤ 0.01). A recently proposed chlorophyll index (CI), which involves NIR and green spectral bands, was used to retrieve gross primary productivity (GPP) as the product of CI and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR). The regression analysis of GPP derived from closet observed and synthetic ETM+ showed a good agreement (r² = 0.85, p ≤ 0.01 and r² = 0.86, p ≤ 0.01) for wheat and sugarcane crops, respectively. The difference between the GPP derived from synthetic and observed ETM+ (prediction residual) was compared with the difference in GPP values from observed ETM+ on the two dates (temporal residual). The prediction residuals (mean value of 1.97 g C/m² in 8 days) was found to be significantly lower than the temporal residuals (mean value of 4.46 g C/m² in 8 days) that correspondence to 12% and 27%, respectively, of GPP values (mean value of 16.53 g C/m² in 8 days) from observed ETM+ data, implying that the prediction method was better than temporal pixel substitution. Investigating the trend in synthetic ETM+ GPP values over a growing season revealed that phenological patterns were well captured for wheat and sugarcane crops. A direct comparison between the GPP values derived from MODIS and synthetic ETM+ data showed a good consistency of the temporal dynamics but a systematic error that can be read as bias (MODIS GPP over estimation). Further, the regression analysis between observed evapotranspiration and synthetic ETM+ GPP showed good agreement (r² = 0.66, p ≤ 0.01).  相似文献