Up-scaling of SEBAL derived evapotranspiration maps from Landsat (30 m) to MODIS (250 m) scale   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Sung-ho Hong  Jan M.H. Hendrickx  Brian Borchers 《Journal of Hydrology》2009,370(1-4):122-138

Remotely sensed imagery of the Earth’s surface via satellite sensors provides information to estimate the spatial distribution of evapotranspiration (ET). The spatial resolution of ET predictions depends on the sensor type and varies from the 30–60 m Landsat scale to the 250–1000 m MODIS scale. Therefore, for an accurate characterization of the regional distribution of ET, scaling transfer between images of different resolutions is important. Scaling transfer includes both up-scaling (aggregation) and down-scaling (disaggregation). In this paper, we address the up-scaling problem.The Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) was used to derive ET maps from Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images. Landsat 7 bands have spatial resolutions of 30–60 m, while MODIS bands have resolutions of 250, 500 and 1000 m. Evaluations were conducted for both “output” and “input” up-scaling procedures, with aggregation accomplished by both simple averaging and nearest neighboring resampling techniques. Output up-scaling consisted of first applying SEBAL and then aggregating the output variable (daily ET). Input up-scaling consisted of aggregating 30 m Landsat pixels of the input variable (radiance) to obtain pixels at 60, 120, 250, 500 and 1000 m before SEBAL was applied. The objectives of this study were first to test the consistency of SEBAL algorithm for Landsat and MODIS satellite images and second to investigate the effect of the four different up-scaling processes on the spatial distribution of ET.We conclude that good agreement exists between SEBAL estimated ET maps directly derived from Landsat 7 and MODIS images. Among the four up-scaling methods the output simple averaging method produced aggregated data and aggregated differences with the most statistically and spatially predictable behavior. The input nearest neighbor method was the least predictable but was still acceptable. Overall, the daily ET maps over the Middle Rio Grande Basin aggregated from Landsat images were in good agreement with ET maps directly derived from MODIS images.  相似文献   

Advances in separating effects of climate variability and human activity on stream discharge: An overview     

《Advances in water resources》2014

Separating effects of climate change (ΔQ^c) and human activity (ΔQ^h) on stream discharge at the watershed scale is needed for developing adaptive measures to climate change. However, information is scarce in existing literature regarding whether such separating is feasible and whether reliable results can be produced. The objectives of this overview were to: (1) compare currently-used methods; (2) assess assumptions and issues of the methods; and (3) present a generic framework that overcomes possible issues. Based on the overview of fifteen recent representative studies, two methods can be used to estimate absolute magnitudes of ΔQ^c and ΔQ^h, while another method can be used to distinguish relative magnitudes of ΔQ^c versus ΔQ^h only. Because the methods’ fundamental assumptions about baseline versus altered period, water storage change and deep groundwater loss, precipitation-runoff relationship, hysteresis influence of human activity, and record of time series can seldom be satisfied for many watersheds, it is more realistic and practical to distinguish relative effects than to estimate absolute magnitudes of ΔQ^c and ΔQ^h. Moreover, a generic framework was presented for gauged watersheds with negligible groundwater loss, aiming to avoid misuse of the methods in practice.  相似文献   

Impact of Vegetation on Main Hydrological Processes：A Field Study and Its Implication for Water Quality     

ZHANGYou-kuan KeithSchilling‘ 《地球科学进展》2004,19(3):422-428

The impact of vegetation cover on groundwater table was assessed with the observed water level fluctuations at two monitored wells in stalled on a bare ground and a vegetated land,respectively．Substantial differences in water table behavior were observed under two land cover scenarios．Ingeneral,the water level in the east grass (EG） well was lower and had much less response to rainfall events than the WNG well mainly due to the difference in the land cover．The effect of vegetation was to lower the water level in the EG well through ET and thus reduce groundwater recharge,which in turn reduced the chemical loads to the creek．The daily and accumulative ET values were estimated with both the Penman-Monteith method and a water table recession model．It is suggested that while the Penman-Monteith method closely modeled hourly ET cycles during the day,it underestimated actual ET during an intensive mid-summer growing period,and especially underestimated actual ET when the water table was close to the landsurface．With the water table recession model,the amount of ET was estimated at its maximum ET of 7．6 mm when the water table was near the groundsurface and then decreases exponentially to zero around day 33 during a dry period with the accumulative ET of 93．9 mm,or 2．84 mm／day．The results from this study clearly demonstrate that landuse and vegetation coverage have significant effects on ET,groundwater recharge and implications for a basin-scale water cycle and chemical loads to rivers and streams．  相似文献   

Spatio-temporal analysis of potential aquifer recharge: Application to the Basin of Mexico   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

J.J. Carrera-Hernndez  S.J. Gaskin 《Journal of Hydrology》2008,353(3-4):228-246

Regional estimates of aquifer recharge are needed in data-scarce regions such as the Basin of Mexico, where nearly 20 million people are located and where the Basin’s aquifer system represents the main water source. In order to develop the spatio-temporal estimates of aquifer recharge and to analyze to what extent urban growth has affected aquifer recharge, this work presents a daily soil water balance which uses different vegetation and soil types as well as the effect of topography on climatological variables and evapotranspiration. The soil water balance was applied on a daily time step in the Basin of Mexico for the period 1975–1986, obtaining an annually-lumped potential recharge flow of 10.9–23.8 m³/s (35.9–78.1 mm) in the entire Basin, while the monthly values for the year with the largest lumped recharge value (1981 = 78.1 mm) range from 1 m³/s (0.3 mm) in December to 87.9 m³/s (23.7 mm) in June. As aquifer recharge in the Basin mainly occurs by subsurface flow from its enclosing mountains as Mountain Block Recharge, urban growth has had a minimal impact on aquifer recharge, although it has diminished recharge in the alluvial plain.  相似文献   

梭梭柴林地蒸散量估算模型的研究   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

刘绍民  李银芳 《中国沙漠》1996,16(4):407-410

在前人工作的基础上选用Prietley和Taylor的湿润表面蒸发量与相对土壤湿度, 对1992~1994年新疆莫索湾治沙站蒸渗仪的实测资料, 用数理统计方法建立了梭梭柴林地蒸散量的估算模型, 并且检验了该模型的效果。该模型只需常规气象资料和土壤湿度资料, 计算简便, 具有较高的精度, 适应于干旱地区使用。  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal variation of groundwater recharge in shallow aquifer in the Thepkasattri of Phuket,Thailand          下载免费PDF全文

Yacob T Tesfaldet  Avirut Puttiwongrak  Tanwa Arpornthip 《地下水科学与工程》2020,8(1):10-19

Whether groundwater resources can be sustainably utilized is largely determined and characterized by hydrogeological parameters.Estimating the groundwater recharge is one of the essential parameters for managing water resources and protecting water resources from contamination.This study researched the spatial and temporal variation of groundwater recharge in the Thepkasattri sub-district through integrating chloride mass balance(CMB)and water table fluctuation(WTF)methods.The chloride content of representative rainfall and groundwater samples was analyzed.Besides,WTF method was adopted from groundwater level data from 2012 to 2015.According to the CMB method,the mean recharge was estimated to be 1172 mm per year,accounting for 47%of the annual rainfall.Moreover,the estimated recharge from the WTF method took 26%of annual rainfall in 2015.The recharge was underestimated according to the WTF method,because of the uncertainty in specific yield estimates and the number of representative wells in the study area.Moreover,the correlation between rainfall and water table fluctuation data indicated the positive linear relationship between two parameters.The spatial recharge prediction indicated that recharge was higher(1200-1400 mm/yr)in the eastern and western catchment,while that in the central floodplains was between 800 mm/yr and 1100 mm/yr.In addition,low recharge value between 450 mm/yr and 800 mm/yr was observed in the south-west part of Thepkasattri.The spatial variation of recharge partly reflects the influences of land use and land cover of the study area.  相似文献   

    

I. Gams 《Environmental Geology》1993,21(3):110-114

The limestone region northeast of Trieste Bay is named kras in Slovenian, karst in German, and carso in Italian, from a pre-Indo-European word karra meaning stony. The natural vegetation was deciduous forest. Clearance and burning to create pasture for sheep began in the first millenium BC and resulted in considerable losses of soil into underground karstic channels. By the Middle Ages, the region was known as a rocky, treeless land; the first legislation to conserve or re-establish forests was passed but it did not succeed. In the 19th century the regional name came to be adopted as the generic name for all dissolutional landscapes and hydrogeological systems, whether natural or modified. During this period a change from sheep rearing to dairying with cattle, plus new legislation and experimental plantings with black pine (Pinus nigra), began the restoration of the forests in the Karst itself. Since 1945 their extent has more than doubled again, partly as consequences of rural depopulation and the banning of goats; approximately 50 percent of the region is now covered by woodlands. Soil erosion is much reduced, but evapotranspiration losses have probably increased. It is hypothesized that there will be effects of restoration upon such karstic parameters as the discharge of springs or rates of travertine deposition in the caves.  相似文献   

土壤-植被-大气系统水分能量传输模拟和验证   总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21  

莫兴国 《气象学报》1998,56(3):323-332

本文建立了包括地下水的土壤－植被－大气系统水分能量传输综合模型,并对模型中冠层动量湍流交换反梯度传输现象的描述进行了改进。在此基础上,依据冠层内动量和热量的交换以及辐射传输过程,同时求解地表、冠层能量平衡方程,进而模拟饱和－非饱和土壤的水热传输。用浅地下水地区冬小麦田间试验资料对模型进行验证,结果表明,系统能量平衡各分量和土壤含水量的模拟与观测结果相当一致。模型敏感性分析发现,叶面积指数对总蒸散量的影响随叶面积指数的增加而逐渐减弱;叶片最小气孔阻力对总蒸散量的影响,在该阻力较小时更显著;地下水位对蒸散量的影响在它小于１．５ｍ时不显著,而在１．５～１．７５ｍ之间时,蒸散减小较快,主要由于土壤蒸发减小显著,冠层蒸腾稍有增加。  相似文献   

基于地面观测的遥感监测蒸散量验证方法研究   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

贾贞贞  刘绍民  毛德发  王志良  徐自为  张茹 《地球科学进展》2010,25(11):1248-1260

为了保证遥感监测蒸散量的准确性,需建立一套较完整的遥感监测蒸散量地面验证方法对其进行验证.通过由大孔径闪烁仪、涡动相关仪和自动气象站等组成的蒸散量观测系统可以获取不同卫星像元尺度蒸散量的地面观测值.自2002年以来,由海河流域的密云、馆陶、大兴及小汤山等站构建了一个不同卫星像元尺度蒸散量的观测站网,经过严格的观测数据处理与质量控制,获取了一大批卫星像元尺度蒸散量及其配套参数的地面观测值.同时,建立了一套基于地面观测的遥感监测蒸散量验证流程,重点对验证像元的选取以及评价指标的构建等进行探讨.依据上述验证流程,在海河流域的北京地区开展了遥感监测蒸散量的地面验证工作.利用2008年密云站和大兴站的大孔径闪烁仪观测数据,对基于MODIS数据估算的北京地区区域蒸散量进行验证.结果表明:这套基于大孔径闪烁仪观测数据的遥感监测蒸散量验证方法是合理、可行的.其中2008年北京地区遥感监测月、日蒸散量的均方差分别为13.75和0.91 mm,平均相对误差分别为22.79%、18.61%.  相似文献   

Analyses of precipitation,temperature and evapotranspiration in a French Mediterranean region in the context of climate change     

Keltoum Chaouche  Luc Neppel  Claudine Dieulin  Nicolas Pujol  Bernard Ladouche  Eric Martin  Dallas Salas  Yvan Caballero 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2010,342(3):234-243

This study is focused on the western part of the French Mediterranean area, namely the Pyrénées-Orientales and Aude administrative departments. The water resources (surface and groundwater) in the region are sensitive to climate change. The study addresses the question of whether any trend in the annual and monthly series of temperature, rainfall and potential evapotranspiration (PET) already appears at the scale of this region. Two data sources have been used: (a) direct local measurements using the meteorological network; and (b) spatially interpolated data from the French weather service model SAFRAN for the period 1970–2006. The non-parametric Mann–Kendall test was applied to identify significant trends at the local scale and, because of the natural spatial variability of the Mediterranean climate, regional interpretation was also performed. The trends observed in the 13 catchments of interest are consistent with those observed at a larger scale. An increase in annual mean temperature and annual PET was observed throughout the study area, whereas annual precipitation has not exhibited any trend. The monthly scale has revealed strong seasonal variability in trend. The trend for an increase in monthly PET has been observed mainly in the spring, and has not been seen in the coastal areas. A trend for an increase in monthly temperature has been observed in June and in the spring throughout the entire area. Monthly rainfall has been found to decrease in June and increase in November throughout the area. The significant trends observed in rainfall and temperature seem to be consistent between the different data sources.  相似文献