Novel Calix[4]arene‐based Amberlite XAD‐4 Modified Resin for As(III) Removal from Water     

Imdadullah Qureshi  Shahabuddin Memon  Mustafa Yilmaz 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2013,41(3):258-266

The present article describes As(III) sorption behavior of novel calix[4]arene appended TS‐4 resin. The sorption ability of TS‐4 resin has been evaluated at wide range of pH, i.e., pH 2–14. The maximum As(III) sorption efficiency (95%) was achieved at pH 2, which shows that the TS‐4 resin possesses greater affinity for As(III) at this pH. Column sorption mechanism was evaluated through various operating parameters, i.e., change in concentration, flow rate, bed heights, and pH. The experimental data were also tested against bed depth service time model and from the results; it has been observed that the data is in close agreement with the theoretically calculated values. Thus, from the data it has been revealed that TS‐4 resin has maximum column efficiency of 0.13 mmol g^?1. Application of TS‐4 to real samples indicates a slight decrease (2–3%) in extraction efficiency of TS‐4 because of high concentration of total dissolved salts. Thermal behavior was tested by differential scanning calorimetry and it has been observed that TS‐4 resin is stable up to 160°C. TS‐4 resin was found to be regenerable and best regeneration was achieved by using 4% solution of NaOH. It can be deduced from the study that the resin will find its applicability in small as well as industrial scale water purification plants.  相似文献   

A new extraction technique for in situ analyses of amino and carboxylic acids on Mars by gas chromatography mass spectrometry   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A. Buch  D.P. Glavin  R. Sternberg  C. Szopa  C. Rodier  R. Navarro-Gonzlez  F. Raulin  M. Cabane  P.R. Mahaffy 《Planetary and Space Science》2006,54(15):1592-1599

In order to target key organic compounds in the Martian regolith using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), we have developed a new extraction procedure coupled with chemical derivatization. This new technique was tested on a Mars analog soil sample collected from the Atacama Desert in Chile. We found that amino and carboxylic acids can be extracted from the Atacama soil in a 1:1 mixture of isopropanol and water after ultrasonic treatment for 30 min. The extracted organic compounds were then derivatized in a single-step reaction using N-methyl-N-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA) as the silylating agent in order to transform these compounds into volatile species that can then be detected by GC-MS. We are currently developing a miniaturized reaction cell suited for spaceflight, where both organic extraction and chemical derivatization processes can take place in a single step.  相似文献   

N523-TBP混合萃取体系从盐湖卤水中萃取锂的共萃取效应、盐析效应和共存离子影响          下载免费PDF全文

时东  宋富根  李丽娟  彭小五  姬连敏  宋雪雪  张利诚  聂峰  曾忠民  刘志启 《盐湖研究》2016,24(1)

本文研究了N523-TBP混合萃取体系从盐湖卤水中萃取锂的共萃取效应、盐析效应及共存离子影响。首先研究了FeCl3、CoCl2、NiCl2、CuCl2、ZnCl2等过渡金属氯化物盐对锂的共萃取效应,结果表明FeCl3是最佳的共萃剂,Fe/Li摩尔比为1.3时萃取效果最优。研究了卤水中KCl、CaCl2、NaCl、MgCl2、AlCl3的盐析效应,结果表明MgCl2是萃取锂天然的最佳盐析剂。研究了卤水中Na+、K+、Ca2+等共存离子对锂萃取效果的影响,结果表明锂与共存离子的分离因数顺序为βLiMg >βLiK >βLiNa >βLiCa。以上结果表明N523-TBP混合萃取体系特别适合从高镁卤水中萃取锂,但不适于从含钙较高的卤水中萃取锂。  相似文献   

二氧化钛表面键合配位体固相萃取填料的制备及其吸附性能研究     

申书昌  冷茉含  彭程  吕伟超 《岩矿测试》2018,37(1):21-29

有机配位体/无机纳米复合材料作为固相萃取填料用于重金属离子分离富集是当前分析化学研究的热点课题。本文将含有N、S配位原子的氨基硫脲通过缩合反应接枝于纳米二氧化钛表面,制备了一种新型纳米Ti O2/TSC复合固相萃取填料。通过红外光谱、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱和扫描电镜表征,此填料与共混法制备的聚合物包覆纳米二氧化钛复合填料相比,二氧化钛粒子(尺寸200~300 nm)分布更均匀,结构更稳定。用该填料制备的固相萃取小柱静态吸附Sb3+、Cd2+和Ba2+在30℃时饱和吸附量分别为13.9mg/g、12.9 mg/g和11.2 mg/g,在优化的实验条件下三种金属离子的吸附回收率分别达到97.94%、95.65%和94.04%,实验数据重现性高(RSD5.5%),吸附性能优于聚苯乙烯-甲基丙烯醛-氨基硫脲包覆纳米二氧化钛和纳米二氧化钛两种填料。本填料结合ICP-MS测定水样中以上三种离子的检出限分别为0.061μg/L、0.013μg/L和0.075μg/L。  相似文献   

Development of oil formation theories and their importance for peak oil     

Mikael Höök  Ugo Bardi  Lianyong Feng  Xiongqi Pang 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2010

This paper reviews the historical development of both biogenic and non-biogenic petroleum formation. It also examines the recent claim that the so-called “abiotic” oil formation theory undermines the concept of “peak oil,” i.e. the notion that world oil production is destined to reach a maximum that will be followed by an irreversible decline. We show that peak oil is first and foremost a matter of production flows. Consequently, the mechanism of oil formation does not strongly affect depletion. We would need to revise the theory beyond peak oil only for the extreme — and unlikely — hypothesis of abiotic petroleum formation.  相似文献   

Off-line and On-line Extraction of Explosives and Related Compounds from Aqueous Samples Using Solid Sorbents     

J. Kruppa  A. Preiß  K. Levsen  H. P. Kabus 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1996,24(5):226-231

Explosives belonging to the group of nitrotoluenes may be readily extracted with C18 adsorbent in the off-line mode and also in on-line coupling of the extraction unit to HPLC, while polar explosives like hexyl, HMX, and RDX show a substantial breakthrough and low recoveries. However, these compounds are quantitatively extracted using a new polymeric phase, LiChrolut EN, in the off-line mode. Preliminary results show that this new adsorbent may in principle also be used in the on-line mode for explosives. In this case, the cartridges have to be eluted in the backflush mode. Method detection limits of ? 0.1 μg/L are achieved for on-line extraction of explosives and related compounds with water samples as small as 10…30 mL.  相似文献   

Vergleich ausgewählter Elutionsverfahren zur Beurteilung der Mobilität von Metallen     

F. Sommerfeld  G. Schwedt 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1996,24(6):255-259

Comparison of Selected Elution Procedures for the Valuation of the Mobility of Metals from Sediment and Sewage Sludge Several methods of extraction are generally used to evaluate environmental or ecological toxicity and deposition of waste material. In this paper, the application of the German standard methods DIN 38414-S7, DIN 38414-S4, pH_stat method, “Schweizer method” (elution test, Switzerland), and some variants of the pH_stat method on two very different samples are described. A rudimental sediment and a municipal sewage sludge are chosen as sample materials. The metal contents of extract solutions are determined by ICP-OES. The results of the DIN-S4 extractions depend definitely on the mechanic way of movement, i.e. the amount of heavy metals which are mobilized out of the samples differs considerably. In fact, DIN-S7 in combination with DIN-S4 is not sufficient to estimate the mobility of heavy metals. Solid samples should only be evaluated by applying a combination of several methods of extraction. The usefulness of the pH_stat method for an evaluation is discussed.  相似文献   

利用ETM 遥感技术进行尾亚杂岩体的岩性识别     

杨建民张玉君  姚佛军 《岩石学报》2007,23(10):2397-2402

地处新疆东天山地处荒漠戈壁区的尾亚椭园形杂岩体,在构造上位于卡瓦布拉克微地块中部几个大构造线交切处的构造软弱部位,面积167.40km2,其中外环面积77.28km2,内环面积90.12km2.其近等轴状形态和多期次侵入的复杂岩性,对研究该区构造-岩浆活动具有重要意义,引起众多学者的注目.长期以来,岩性提取一直是遥感地质工作者希望攻克的难题之一.通过利用多光谱遥感技术对于这样一个面积较大,岩石裸露,岩相复杂的杂岩体进行岩性识别.不仅可以对前人的工作进行补充与完善,为岩浆活动、岩石学、区域构造研究提供新的证据,将遥感岩性识别信息用于尾亚杂岩体的形成、演化机制的探讨,扩大了多光谱遥感技术在地质中的应用领域.  相似文献   

遥感找矿信息在新疆罗东镍矿发现中的主导作用   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

杨建民张玉君  姚佛军吴华  邓刚陈疆 《岩石学报》2007,23(10):2647-2652

通过对新疆北山裂谷已知坡十铜镍矿提取的遥感找矿信息的综合分析与验证,建立了镁铁-超镁铁岩型镍矿的以遥感信息为主的找矿模型.以此找矿模型为指导,我们利用多光谱ETM数据,提取了构造形迹和羟基遥感异常,通过综合分析和实地查证,发现了罗东镁铁-超镁铁岩型镍矿,取得遥感找矿突破.新疆地矿局第六地质队通过矿区地球化学、地球物理测量、地表矿化带的少量工程控制以及一个钻孔的深部控制,圈定出两个镍矿体,求得镍金属预测资源量5.72万吨.罗东镍矿有形成大型矿床的找矿前景,值得进一步投入工作对其进行评价.罗东镍矿的发现进一步扩展了北山成矿带岩浆熔离型铜镍矿的找矿前景.我们还在罗东镍矿的北西部优选了找矿靶区.随着航天技术与信息处理技术的迅猛发展,遥感找矿信息在矿产资源预测与勘查中的作用将会变得越来越重要.  相似文献   

The efficiency of kerosene flotation for extraction of chironomid head capsules from lake sediments samples     

Nicolas Rolland  Isabelle Larocque 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2007,37(4):565-572

Kerosene, a grade mineral oil, is commonly used to extract beetles from sediment. Here, the use of kerosene to extract chironomid head capsules was tested on 10 samples from sediment of different lakes, with different organic matter content as measured by loss on ignition, and estimated ages. Our results revealed that this flotation tool is very effective in extracting either full or half chironomid head capsules. The mean extraction efficiency was 89.3 ± 8.0% with an estimated relative abundance error ranging from −1% to 1% for 46 of the 57 identified taxa. Larger chironomids (400–500 μm width), which are often full of sediment particles, have the highest relative abundance error, with a maximum of 4.3% for Corynocera oliveri-type. A canonical correspondence analysis showed that, despite this small bias, samples retrieved with the kerosene flotation do not differ from the whole sample assemblages. These results give us confidence in the use of this flotation technique for chironomid sample preparation.  相似文献