三维起伏地表条件下地震波走时计算的不等距迎风差分法   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

孙章庆  孙建国  韩复兴 《地球物理学报》2012,55(7):2441-2449

三维起伏地表条件下的地震波走时计算技术是研究三维起伏地表地区很多地震数据处理技术的基础性工具.为了获得适应于任意三维起伏地表且计算精度高的走时算法,提出三维不等距迎风差分法.该方法采用不等距网格剖分三维起伏地表模型,通过在迎风差分格式中引入不等距差分格式、Huygens原理及Fermat原理来建立地表附近的局部走时计算公式,并通过在窄带技术中设定新的网格节点类型来获得三维起伏地表条件下算法的整体实现步骤.精度及算例分析表明:三维不等距迎风差分法具有很高的计算精度且能够适应于任意三维起伏地表模型.  相似文献   

基于数字图像测量技术的砂土剪切带分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杜修力  侯世伟  路德春  程星磊 《岩土力学》2012,33(5):1281-1285

在进行土工试验时,土样端部摩擦效应和初始缺陷都可以引起试样的不均匀变形,进而形成宏观的剪切带。基于数字图像测量技术改进了GDS多功能三轴仪,进行砂土的固结排水三轴试验,获得了试样在不同时刻的应变等值线云图和局部应力-应变全曲线,研究了试样端部的摩擦效应。结果表明,端部摩擦显著地影响试样的力学特性,对径向应变的影响可达10%。通过在砂土试样中放置粉质黏土块的方法获得了宏观不均匀土样,并测试其剪切带的形成过程。测试结果表明,试样在两种材料的界面处形成不连续刚度,引起变形的不均匀发展,进而形成宏观的剪切带而破坏。  相似文献   

不同弹模时圆形巷道围岩的应变局部化数值模拟     

王学滨  王玮  潘一山 《地质力学学报》2011,17(2):200-210

利用基于运动方程求解的FLAC程序模拟了不同弹性模量时圆形巷道的应变局部化过程。在计算中, 采用了"先加载, 后挖洞"方式。模拟结果表明, 在弹性模量中等或较小的条件下, 由于开挖卸荷而产生的围岩向空腔内部的"涌入"(运动)现象比较明显, 进而围岩中诱发了较多的破坏、V形坑或短剪切带式破坏。在上述条件下, 基于静力平衡的解析及数值方法不再适用, 而且是偏于不安全的。弹性模量越小, 开挖之后, 围岩维持其均匀周向(或环向)变形的能力越差, 这种轴对称变形越容易被打破, 也被打破得越早。尽管随着弹性模量的增加, 破坏单元数的变化并不是单调的, 但是在总体上, 随着弹性模量的增加, 破坏单元数目降低, 最大剪切应变增量急剧单调下降。   相似文献   

煤巷顶板软弱夹层层位对锚杆支护结构稳定性影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张农  李桂臣  阚甲广 《岩土力学》2011,32(9):2753-2758

中国煤矿开采条件复杂,煤层顶板多为分层性强的复合顶板,含有软弱夹层时采用锚杆支护技术难度大、安全可靠性低。根据煤巷顶板软弱夹层和锚固区的相对位置,采用物理模拟方法研究了三种软弱夹层层位条件下顶板的采动失稳特征和破坏型式,提出了包括锚杆支护承载性能强化、巷道破裂围岩体强度强化和围岩承载结构强化的巷道围岩强化控制原理;在应用安全因子AQ对顶板安全可靠性进行分级评估基础上,给出对应于不同顶板软弱夹层层位的煤巷分级强化控制对策。研究成果已在安徽两淮矿区煤巷工程实践中成功推广应用35×104 m。  相似文献   

加载速度对岩样全部变形特征的影响     

王学滨 《岩土力学》2008,29(2):353-358

利用编制的计算平面应变压缩岩样轴向、侧向、体积应变及泊松比的FISH函数,采用FLAC模拟了加载速度对剪切带图案及岩样全部变形特征的影响。在峰前及峰后,本构模型分别取为线弹性及莫尔-库仑剪破坏与拉破坏复合的应变软化模型。加载速度较低及适中时,岩样发生单剪切破坏,剪切带倾角及宽度不受加载速度影响,应力-轴向应变曲线及应力与侧向应变曲线软化段的斜率不依赖于加载速度;高加载速度使岩样发生X型剪切破坏,两种曲线软化段较平缓;在相同的轴向应变时,高加载速度使剪切带长度降低。随着加载速度的增加,岩样失稳破坏的前兆越来越明显,当加载速度较高时,前兆反而不明显,这是由于应力存在较大的波动,导致不正确地估计了应力峰值所对应的轴向应变。在应变软化阶段,高加载速度使侧向应变与轴向应变曲线、泊松比与轴向应变曲线及体积应变与轴向应变曲线变平缓,也使体积应变与轴向应变曲线的峰值及对应的轴向应变增加。  相似文献   

A velocity projection framework for inferring shallow water currents from surface tracer fields     

Colin Y. Shen  Thomas E. EvansRichard P. Mied  Scott R. Chubb 《Continental Shelf Research》2008

To the extent that sea surface temperature and colors can be considered passive tracers, their motions can be tracked to estimate the current velocities, or a conservation equation can be invoked to relate their temporal variations to the velocities. We investigate the latter, the so-called tracer inversion problem, with a particular focus on (1) the conditions under which the problem can be rendered over-determined for least squares solutions, (2) the possibility of using the tracer conservation equation within the “velocity projection” framework to estimate subsurface current profiles in shallow coastal waters, and (3) the accuracy of the tracer inversion calculation in terms of the data resolution and noise. The velocity projection framework refers to relating surface motion, either measured directly or made visible by tracers, to the subsurface current motion through the equations of motion. The accuracy of the tracer inversion calculation is quantified in terms of the spatial and temporal resolution of the tracer distribution. In the presence of irreducible tracer noise, the accuracy of the inversion rapidly degrades, and it is shown that the inversion with velocity projection can help improve accuracy. The tracer inversion method developed in this study is applied to the satellite sea surface temperature data, and the velocity result is compared to the velocity measurements made with the shore-based HF Coastal Current Radar. The potential of improving the velocity estimation with the present approach is indicated.  相似文献   

Fourier transform–infrared studies on the effects of salt and drought stress on the chemical composition and protein conformation changes in Arabidopsis leaves     

Xin Zhao  FenLin Sheng  XinRong Li  GuoXiong Chen 《寒旱区科学》2009,1(4):0341-0347

We examined the changes of chemical composition and protein conformation in Arabidopsis leaves by Fourier transform–infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry Arabidopsis under 50 mmol/L NaCl salt and ?0.5 mPa polyethylene glycols 8000 (PEG 8000) drought stress during the early stages of growth. We primarily analyzed the absorption band areas in the 1,745 cm^-1 (ester), 1,600–1,700 cm^-1 (amide I), and 1,100 cm^-1 (carbohydrate) changes under salt stress and drought stress within 24 hours. The results showed that ester content declined at the beginning and then increased steadily during 24 hours of drought stress. But under salt stress, it declined steadily, and it was about 40 percent of the control after 24 hours. The protein synthesis increased by 25 percent after one hour of salt stress and then reached about 85 percent of the control after 24 hours. Under drought stress, the protein synthesis decreased and reached a minimal level at the 4-hr time point; it then recovered to the control level at the 24-hr point. The patterns of the accumulation of carbohydrates in the 1,100 cm^-1 band areas resembled that of amide I band changes under drought stress and salt stress. Analyzing the ratio A_1,627cm-1/A_1,658cm-1 under drought stress revealed that the leaves’ entire protein structure maintained a higher-level ordered form than did those under salt stress. Thus our results indicate the existence of different strategies of the Arabidopsis adaptation to salt stress and drought stress.  相似文献   

复杂地表条件下基于线性插值和窄带技术的地震波走时计算   总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

孙章庆  孙建国  韩复兴 《地球物理学报》2009,52(11):2846-2853

为了在复杂地表条件下实现地震波走时计算,提出了一种基于线性插值和窄带技术的走时计算新方法.其中,线性插值用于局部走时计算,窄带技术用于局部波前捕获和追踪.为了逼近起伏地表,采用三角网和矩形网相结合的方法对速度模型进行剖分.为了得到局部走时计算公式,利用费马（Fermat）原理和关于入射点位置的限定条件.有关编程实践和数值试验表明：新方法不仅可以有效、灵活地处理地表高程的剧烈变化,而且还具有很好的适应性和稳定性,得到的计算结果满足波前传播规律.  相似文献   

地质体材料剪切带内部的常剪切应变点及速度分布分析     

王学滨 《地震学刊》2009,(4):368-375

对于峰后线性应变软化的地质体材料,剪切带内部的总剪切应变等于弹性剪切应变（由经典弹性理论描述）及由微结构效应而引起的局部塑性剪切应变（由非局部理论或梯度塑性理论描述）之和。若剪切应力-塑性剪切应变曲线的斜率的绝对值（称之为软化模董）小于剪切弹性模量的两倍,则在剪切带的任一剖面内存在两个总剪切应变不依赖于剪切应力的点,称之为常剪切应变点。在这两个点上,弹性剪切应变的降低和局部塑性剪切应变的增加处于平衡状态,总剪切速度达到它的最大值或最小值。在两个常剪切应变点之间,局部总速度随剪切应力率的降低而增加。剪切带内部的局部总速度分布是非线性的,这与通常采用的剪切带内部速度的线性分布假定（忽略微结构效应）不同。  相似文献   

A new seismic isolation system and its feasibility study     

Gaofeng Jia  Zhifei Shi 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2010,9(1):75-82

<正>This paper introduces a new seismic isolation system called a periodic foundation(PF),where inclusions are periodically arranged.The PF is different from traditional base isolation in that it causes a fundamental frequency shift in the structure,thus reducing its response and generating a frequency gap.If the frequency contents of a seismic wave fall into the gap,it can not propagate in the foundation.Thus,it will exert no influence on the structure above.A systematic study of the band of frequency gap for a 2D PF is conducted.The influence of physical and geometrical parameters such as density and elastic modulus as well as filling fraction of the PF and its materials on the band of frequency gap are investigated, and a design with a frequency gap as low as 2.49-3.72 Hz is achieved.This band of frequency gap corresponds well to the design spectra in earthquake engineering.Numerical simulations of a six-story frame structure with different foundations demonstrate that a proposed PF can greatly reduce the seismic response of an isolated structure.This investigation shows that PFs have great potential in future applications of seismic isolation technology.  相似文献