Hydrothermal precipitates associated with bimodal volcanism in the Central Bransfield Strait,Antarctica   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sven?PetersenEmail author  Peter?M.?Herzig  Ulrich?Schwarz-Schampera  Mark?D.?Hannington  Ian?R.?Jonasson 《Mineralium Deposita》2004,39(3):358-379

Polymetallic sulfide-sulfate mineralization enriched in Pb-Ag-As-Sb-Hg occurs in the Bransfield Strait, a late Tertiary-Quaternary marginal basin close to the Antarctic Peninsula. The mineralization is associated with bimodal volcanism and pelagic and volcaniclastic sediment in rifted continental crust. Hydrothermal precipitates have been recovered from two shallow (1,050–1,000 m water depth) submarine volcanoes (Hook Ridge and Three Sisters) in the Central Bransfield Strait. Mineralization at Hook Ridge consists of polymetallic sulfides, massive barite, and pyrite and marcasite crusts in semilithified pelagic and volcaniclastic sediment. Native sulfur commonly infills void space and cements the volcaniclastic sediment. The polymetallic sulfides are dominated by sphalerite with minor galena, enargite, tetrahedrite-tennantite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and traces of orpiment cemented by barite and opal-A. The presence of enargite at Hook Ridge, the abundance of native sulfur, and the low Fe content of sphalerite indicate a high sulfur activity of the hydrothermal fluids responsible for mineralization. The sulfur isotopic composition of Hook Ridge precipitates documents the complexity of the sulfur sources in this hydrothermal system with variable influence of biological activity and possibly magmatic contributions. Homogenization temperatures and salinities of fluid inclusions in barite and opal-A suggest that boiling may have affected the hydrothermal fluids during their ascent. The discovery of massive barite-silica precipitates at another shallow marine volcano (Three Sisters volcano) attests to the potential for hydrothermal mineralization at other volcanic edifices in the area. The characteristics of the mineralization in the Bransfield Strait with rifting of continental crust, the presence of bimodal volcanism, including highly evolved felsic volcanic rocks, the association with sediments, and the Pb-Ag-As-Sb-Hg enrichment are similar to the setting of massive sulfide deposits in the Okinawa Trough, and distinct from those of sediment-dominated hydrothermal systems such as Escanaba Trough, Middle Valley, and Guaymas Basin. The geological setting of the Bransfield Strait is also broadly similar to that of some of the largest volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits in the ancient record, such as the Iberian Pyrite Belt.Editorial handling: B. Lehmann  相似文献   

Provenance of recycled palynomorph assemblages recovered from surficial glaciomarine sediments in Bransfield Strait, offshore Antarctic Peninsula     

Sangheon Yi  David J. Batten  Seong Joo Lee 《Cretaceous Research》2005,26(6):906

Glaciomarine surficial sediments in cores taken from Bransfield Strait, adjacent to the Antarctic Peninsula, have yielded abundant recycled and contemporaneous (Pleistocene–Holocene) palynomorphs. The former are derived principally from Late Cretaceous–Palaeogene sediments and provide information on glaciomarine depositional conditions and sediment source areas. The composition of the assemblages suggests that they reflect vegetation that was endemic to the Weddellian Biogeographic Province, which includes what is now Seymour Island, James Ross Island and other parts of the Antarctic Peninsula region. The sediments concerned are considered to have accumulated as a result of ice-rafting and discharge of subglacial meltwater.  相似文献   

Crustal and upper mantle S-wave velocity structure beneath the Bransfield Strait (West Antarctica) from regional surface wave tomography   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A. Vuan  S.D. Robertson Maurice  D.A. Wiens  G.F. Panza   《Tectonophysics》2005,397(3-4):241-259

Regional surface wave tomography in the sub-Antarctic Scotia Sea is helpful in revealing the nature of the crust and the S-wave seismic velocity profile beneath the Bransfield Strait. The joint use of our regional network, global seismographic network stations and local temporary arrays provide better lateral resolution than that obtained in our previous studies concerning the Scotia Sea region.Tomographic analysis of data obtained using 10 broad band seismic stations and more than 300 regional events, shows that the Bransfield Basin is characterised by a strong group velocity reduction of 8% with respect to the surrounding areas, in the period range from 15 s to 50 s.The crustal and upper mantle models of the eastern, central and western Bransfield Basin are obtained by joint inversion of Rayleigh and Love local dispersion curves from 15 s to 50 s. In addition our data set is expanded to a broader period interval (1–80 s), in central Bransfield Strait in order to better constrain the upper mantle and shallow crust.The main results can be summarized as follows: (a) the crust thins distinctly from W toward E; the variation is consistent with the type of volcanism, earthquake distribution and bathymetric observations, (b) low upper mantle velocities (soft lid) extend down to depths exceeding 70 km as a consequence of elevated temperatures, (c) the crust beneath the central Bransfield Basin displays continental characteristics with a gradually increasing S-wave velocity distribution versus depth analogous to the East African Rift structure of Kenya, (d) negative velocity gradients are present in the lower crust beneath the eastern Bransfield Basin; these could be interpreted as magmatic bodies originating from decompression melting of the mantle.  相似文献   

A Note on the South China Sea Shallow Interocean Circulation   总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14  

FANG Guohong  Dwi SUSANTO  Indroyono SOESILO  Quan''an ZHENG  QIAO Fangli  WEI Zexun 《大气科学进展》2005,22(6):946-954

1. IntroductionThe South China Sea (SCS) has many channelsconnecting with the outer oceans/seas (Fig. 1). Thewidest and deepest channel is the Luzón Strait, whichis the main entrance to the SCS from the WesternPacific Ocean, having a sill depth of about 2500 m.On the north, the Taiwan Strait connects with theEast China Sea, with a sill depth of about 70 m. Inthe vicinity of Mindoro Island, there are a numberof channels connecting the SCS with the Sulu Sea.The main channel is the M…  相似文献   

Recent carbon and nitrogen uptake rates of phytoplankton in Bering Strait and the Chukchi Sea     

Sang H. Lee  Terry E. Whitledge  Sung-Ho Kang 《Continental Shelf Research》2007

Cruises to Bering Strait and the Chukchi Sea in US waters from late June in 2002 to early September in 2004 and the Russian–American Long-term Census of the Arctic (RUSALCA) research cruise in 2004 covered all major water masses and contributed to a better understanding of the regional physics, nutrient dynamics, and biological systems. The integrated concentration of the high nitrate pool in the central Chukchi Sea was greater in this study than in previous studies, although the highest nitrate concentration (∼22 μM) in the Anadyr Water mass passing through the western side of Bering Strait was consistent with prior observations. The chlorophyll-a concentrations near the western side of the Diomede Islands ranged from 200 to 400 mg chl-a m⁻² and the range in the central Chukchi Sea was 200–500 mg chl-a m⁻² for the 2002–2004 Alpha Helix (HX) cruises. Chlorophyll-a concentrations for the 2004 RUSALCA cruise were lower than those from previous studies. The mean annual primary production of phytoplankton from this study, using a ¹³C–¹⁵N dual-isotope technique, was 55 g C m⁻² for the whole Chukchi Sea and 145 g C m⁻² for the plume of Anadyr–Bering Shelf Water in the central Chukchi Sea. In contrast, the averages of annual total nitrogen production were 13.9 g N m⁻² (S.D.=±16.2 g N m⁻²) and 33.8 g N m⁻² (S.D.=±14.1 g N m⁻²) for the Chukchi Sea and the plume, respectively. These carbon and nitrogen production rates of phytoplankton were consistently two-or three-fold lower than those from previous studies. We suggest that the lower rates in this study, and consequently more unused nitrate in the water column, were caused by lower phytoplankton biomass in the Bering Strait and the Chukchi Sea. However, we do not know if the lower rate of production from this study is a general decreasing trend or simply temporal variations in the Chukchi Sea, since temporal and geographical variations are substantially large and presently unpredictable.  相似文献   

海峡西岸城市群城市土地利用效益评价及其耦合协调关系研究     

廖佶慧  彭贤伟  王权  简萍  吴清婷 《世界地理研究》2021,30(3):556-566

土地的高效利用和配置优化是城市化进程的现实需求,探究如何提高土地利用综合效益,从而实现对地区土地利用可持发展具有重要意义。从经济、社会、生态环境效益三个子系统构建土地利用效益评价指标体系,利用熵值法探究海峡西岸城市群2008—2017年的土地利用效益及其时空演化过程和耦合协调关系,进一步识别限制各城市耦合协调关系提升的主要因素。结果表明：（1）海峡西岸城市群城市土地利用综合效益存在持续上升的时序特征,空间上表现为“东高西低”,高效益单元主要分布于沿海门户城市及中心城市,且趋于聚集,低值单元主要长期分布于内陆城市和南部沿海城市,且范围不断缩减。（2）城市土地利用经济效益在时序上表现出持续上升的特征,空间上表现为“中高西低”,西部低值区范围明显变小;社会效益小幅增长,中东部形成“环状”中效益区;生态效益整体较低,中部低效益区范围扩张显著。（3）各城市土地利用“经济-社会-生态环境”效益耦合协调度呈不同程度增长趋势,近年以协调发展为主,耦合协调程度表现出由沿海向内陆城市递减的空间异质性,土地利用耦合协调发展主要受复合因素制约。  相似文献   

Evolution of the Kuroshio Tropical Water from the Luzon Strait to the east of Taiwan     

《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2014

This study examines the evolution of the Kuroshio Tropical Water (KTW) from the Luzon Strait to the I-Lan Ridge northeast of Taiwan. Historical conductivity temperature depth (CTD) profiles are analyzed using a method based on the calculation of the root mean square (rms) difference of the salinity along isopycnals. In combination with analysis of the distribution of the salinity maximum, this method enables water masses in the Kuroshio and the vicinity, to be tracked and distinguished as well as the detection of the areas where water masses are modified. Vertical and horizontal eddy diffusivities are then calculated from hydrographic and current velocity data to elucidate the dynamics underlying the KTW interactions with the surrounding water masses. Changes in KTW properties mainly occur in the southern half of the Luzon Strait, while moderate variations are observed east of Taiwan on the right flank of the Kuroshio. In spite of a front dividing the KTW from the South China Sea Tropical Water (SCSTW) on Kuroshio׳s western side, mixing between these two water masses seemingly occurs in the Luzon Strait. These water masses׳ interaction is not evident east of Taiwan. The estimation of eddy diffusivities yields high horizontal diffusivities (K_h~10² m² s⁻¹) all along the Kuroshio path, due to the high current shear along the Kuroshio׳s flanks. The vertical diffusivity approaches 10⁻³ m² s⁻¹, with the highest values in the southern Luzon Strait. Instabilities generated when the Kuroshio encounters the rough topography of this region may enhance both vertical and horizontal diffusivities there.  相似文献   

南极布兰斯菲尔德海峡沉积物的地磁场长期变与定年          下载免费PDF全文

葛淑兰  陈志华  刘建兴  黄元辉  王汝建  闫仕娟 《极地研究》2014,26(1):98-110

对位于布兰斯菲尔德海峡东北部的沉积物岩心D1-7进行了初步环境磁学和古地磁研究,获得了连续的相对地磁场强度和方向。沉积物岩性总体为灰色软塑性粘土,中下部出现一层黑色火山灰层。结合该孔沉积物和有孔虫AMS¹⁴C测年结果（王汝建等未发表资料）,相对地磁场强度及其方向提供了12 ka以来连续的定年标尺,其中相对地磁场强度与具有相似沉积速率的南美Laguna Potrok Aike湖泊记录对比提供了六个对比点;同时特征剩磁倾角和磁偏角提供了另外六个对比点。磁化率各向异性分析揭示了全新世早、中和晚期岩心所在位置底流（南极深层水~1000 m）发生了阶段性显著变化,同时磁性矿物含量、粒度、沉积物湿密度等也发生了相应的变化。这些环境磁学和沉积学的变化主要受控于南极相应纬度处的太阳辐射量以及与辐射量相关的夏季季风降水量的变化,降水量增加导致磁性矿物粒度变细。D1-7也记录了一些千年尺度旋回变化,但是南极地区目前缺乏与之相似分辨率的气候参数记录,无法进一步探讨这些气候事件的缘起和分布范围。对比发现,地磁场长期变产生的年龄与沉积物全样有机碳AMS¹⁴C测年结果之间存在系统的差异,在6 ka以来比有机碳年龄年轻,在6 ka之前则比有机碳年龄老。南极布兰斯菲尔德海峡内各种不同水体的混合以及在全新世全球升温背景下冰川的动态变化和由此引起的中、深层水变化,都是造成水体性质复杂的原因。而地磁场强度和方向变化则不受水体性质的影响,因此可以提供更合理的年龄信息。自12 ka至今,25 cm/ka的平均沉积速率表明南极布兰斯菲尔德海峡地区整个全新世内稳定和丰富的沉积物供应。  相似文献   

Spatial distribution characteristics of surface tidal currents in the southwest of Taiwan Strait     

SHEN Zhiben  WU Xiongbin  LIN Hang  CHEN Xiaofeng  XU Xing’an  LI Lun 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,13(6):971-978

This study was conducted on the spatial distribution characteristics of surface tidal currents in the southwestern Taiwan Strait based on the quasi-harmonic analysis of current data obtained by two high frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR) systems. The analysis shows that the tidal current pattern in the southwestern Taiwan Strait is primarily semi-diurnal and influenced significantly by shallow water constituents. The spatial distribution of tidal current ellipses of M₂ is probably affected by the interaction between two different systems of tide wave, one from the northern mouth of Taiwan Strait and the other from the Bashi Channel. The directions of the major axes of M₂ tidal current ellipses coincide roughly with the axis of the Taiwan Strait. The spatial distribution of the magnitudes of the probable maximum current velocity (PMCS) shows gradual increase of the velocity from northeast to southwest, which is in accordance with the spatial distribution of the measured maximum current velocity (MMCS). The directions of the residual currents are in accordance with the direction of the prevailing monsoon wind at the Taiwan Strait and the direction of the Taiwan warm current during summer. The bathymetry also shows a significant effect on the spatial distribution characteristics of tidal currents.  相似文献   

台海地区一次冬季冷锋降水过程的数值模拟          下载免费PDF全文

荣昕  杨军  陈婷  沈浩 《大气科学学报》2015,38(4):518-530

利用WRF中尺度模式,结合FY-2E卫星云图和常规气象资料,对台海地区一次冬季冷锋降水过程进行了数值模拟研究.结果表明:1)微物理方案对台海地区冬季冷锋降水过程的模拟具有敏感性,Milbrandt双参数微物理方案能较好地再现云系层次结构、冰相降水过程及其云系的对流发展,24 h累积降水量模拟结果优于其他微物理方案.2)锋区的降水粒子(雨水、雪晶和霰)混合比大于锋后,锋区雨带集中在地面锋线的中段,锋后雨带偏向冷区的西南段.3)锋区附近云系受低空急流及台湾岛中部高山地形抬升共同作用,在迎风坡形成强降水中心,对应空中霰含量高值区.4)低空高相当位温、强辐合、正涡度和对流性不稳定与高空强辐散和负涡度的配置是本次冷锋云系维持与发展的重要原因.  相似文献