42a来天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川变化及趋势预测   总被引：38，自引：20，他引：18  

焦克勤  井哲帆  韩添丁  杨惠安  叶柏生  李忠勤 《冰川冻土》2004,26(3):253-260

1959-2000年间天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川发生了显著变化,冰川物质平衡累计达-7976.0mm,冰川末端退缩171.06m,冰川面积缩小0.217km²,冰川厚度平均减薄8.86m,冰储量减小21.9×10⁶m³,冰川运动速度平均减小39.3%,冰川成冰带谱上移,冷渗浸重结晶带消失.从冰川物质平衡反映的气候变化趋势推测,1号冰川要扭亏为盈,改变已有的巨大的物质亏损(-7976.0mm),除非要连续21a出现42a来最大正平衡(+374.0mm).已有的观测研究表明,这种情况不大可能出现,1号冰川目前的退缩趋势还将持续相当一段时间,至少在未来20～30a内不会出现明显的前进.从树木年轮反映的冷暖气候变化周期性推测,目前正处小冰期以来第三个温暖期.若这次温暖期重现62～67a周期的情况,则温暖气候还将持续20～30a左右.可见1号冰川至少还将持续退缩20～30a.  相似文献   

祁连山七一冰川物质平衡的最新观测结果   总被引：36，自引：16，他引：20  

蒲健辰  姚檀栋  段克勤  坂井亚规子  藤田耕史  松田好弘 《冰川冻土》2005,27(2):199-204

祁连山七一冰川观测结果表明, 2001/2002年度和 2002/2003 年度冰川物质平衡分别为-810mm和-316 mm水当量, 冰面出现显著的减薄状态. 和过去的观测结果相比较, 20 世纪 70 年代为较大的正平衡, 年平均为360 mm水当量; 80年代年平均为4 mm水当量, 基本接近零平衡状态. 到近两年亏损强烈, 为所有观测资料中负平衡值最大的年份, 零平衡线也达到最高位置. 物质平衡出现较大的负值和零平衡线位置升高的状况, 强烈反映了祁连山冰川对气候变暖过程的响应. 如果气候变暖趋势继续, 冰川物质平衡负值将增大、冰面减薄和雪线的升高, 冰川将继续呈现萎缩状态.  相似文献   

Effective Sample Size for Glacier Mass Balance     

J. Graham Cogley 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》1999,81(4):497-507

Correlograms from multiple time series of point mass balance, measured on White Glacier (Axel Heiberg Island, Canada) and Abramov Glacier (Alai Range, Kirgizia), show that the correlation decreases with the difference in elevation between the points. The correlogram is used to calculate an integral spatial scale or effective sample area which, when divided into the area of the glacier, yields an estimate of the number of degrees of freedom in a stake-based estimate of the whole-glacier balance. This number – the 'effective sample size'– is a small fraction of the number of point measurements; indeed, it is independent of the number of measurements. Estimates of average balance for elevation bands are at one remove from raw stake measurements, but they are amenable to a principal component analysis which confirms that the effective sample size is very small. The small effective sample size means that uncertainty in a typical measurement of whole-glacier mass balance cannot be much less than the large value implied by the conservative assumption that stakes are perfectly correlated. One way around this difficulty would be to increase the role of prior physical understanding by seeking to model the spatial variability of mass balance. A successful model would need only a few parameters, and would allow for the joint estimation of both magnitude and uncertainty; the uncertainty in mass balance could be derived objectively from the uncertainty in the parameters. This, however, would require good estimates of the variability of mass balance at the elevation-band scale, which might in turn require that many measurement networks be redesigned.  相似文献   

Cyclic sedimentation produced by fluctuations in meltwater discharge, tides and marine productivity in an Alaskan fjord     

Ellen A. Cowan  Keith C. Seramur  Jinkui Cai  & Ross D. Powell 《Sedimentology》1999,46(6):1109-1126

Glacimarine sediment deposited in the fjord adjacent to Muir Glacier in south-eastern Alaska consists of rhythmically laminated muds, stratified sandy mud, sand and gravelly mud facies. Cyclicity is recorded by gravelly mud facies deposited during winter by ice-rafting, black mud laminae formed by spring plankton blooms and variations in tidal rhythmite thickness and texture produced by the interaction of meltwater discharges and tidal currents in the macrotidal fjord. Regular cyclicity in laminae thickness is tested statistically by Fourier transform and can be attributed to a lunar tidal cycle control in the five cores collected up to 6 km from the sediment source. Cores close to the source can have additional laminae as a result of discharge fluctuations, and distal cores may lack full cycles because of variability in the plume path and attenuation with distance. Cyclic variations in sediment texture are recorded in magnetic susceptibility (MS) profiles of the cores. High MS values are produced by turbidite sand beds or by stratified sandy mud deposited by overflow plumes during peak summer meltwater discharge. Low values reflect muddy intervals deposited during periods of low meltwater discharge, such as during autumn and winter. Sediment accumulation rates measured by ²¹⁰Pb dating range from 82 cm year^–1, 2 km from the sediment source at the head of the fjord, to 16 cm year^–1, 6 km away. These rates are within the same range as average sediment accumulation rates determined from cyclic seasonal markers within the cores. These data show that, with careful documentation, annual cycles of glacimarine sediment accumulation can be detected within marine cores. Cores collected from the distal portion of the basin were deposited during the transition of Muir Glacier from a tidewater terminus ending in deep water to a terrestrial glacier with an ice-contact delta deposited in front of the terminus. This transition is recorded by a coarsening-upward sedimentary sequence formed by turbidite sands originating from the prograding delta above fine-grained, laminated basin fill deposited by turbid overflow plumes.  相似文献   

梅里雪山明永冰川的特征与变化   总被引：20，自引：12，他引：8  

郑本兴  赵希涛 《冰川冻土》1999,21(2):145-150

梅里雪山主峰卡格薄峰海拔６７４０ｍ,位于怒江与澜沧江之间,是尚未被人类征服的神秘高峰之一。位于卡格薄峰东坡的明永冰川,长１１．７ｋｍ,冰川末端海拔２６６０ｍ,是目前横断山区第二条较长的冰川。这是一条横断山区海拔最低的季风海洋性冰川,其冰舌上部运动速度可达５３３ｍ／ａ。１９７１￣１９８２和１９９８年冰川均处于前进状态。  相似文献   

近30年来乌鲁木齐河流域冰川波动特征与流域高山带升温幅度的 …   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

刘时银  谢自楚 《地球科学进展》1999,14(3):279-285

乌鲁木齐河流域典型冰川与全流域其他冰川波动的监测结果表明,５０年代末与６０年代初以来,各冲川均处于全面退缩状态,且冰川长度退缩量,面积和冰储量减小量与冰川的规模有密切的关系,大冰川退缩量大,但退缩量所占百分比较小,小冰川则相反,而且三者与冲川的长度等级有较好的统计关系。  相似文献   

祁连山老虎沟12号冰川消融区不同天气条件下的能量收支特征     

张佳佳  孙维君  杜文涛  陈记祖  秦翔 《冰川冻土》2020,42(2):332-343

冰川表面能量平衡模型建立了冰川与大气之间的联系。为探讨不同天气条件对冰川能量收支的影响, 利用祁连山老虎沟12号冰川海拔4 550 m处的气象资料（2011年8月24日 - 9月6日）, 结合能量平衡模型, 分析了不同天气条件下的能量收支变化特征。结果表明： 受云量影响, 晴天条件下向下短波辐射（318.3 W·m^-2）是多云条件下的1.5倍, 是阴天条件下的3倍。三种天气条件下的向下长波辐射, 晴天（215.4 W·m^-2）<多云（267.4 W·m^-2）<阴天（291.6 W·m^-2）。受固态降水的影响, 阴天条件下冰川反照率（0.50）是晴天时的2倍多。而三种天气下的最大消融耗热, 晴天（739.6 W·m^-2）>多云（582.8 W·m^-2）>阴天（324.5 W·m^-2）。在能量收入项中, 净短波辐射是主要来源（98%）, 但是受天气条件影响, 能量支出各项所占比例有明显差异; 在三种天气条件下, 净长波辐射所占比例分别为35%、 31%和23%, 消融耗热所占比例分别为62%、 64%和75%, 潜热通量所占比例相差不大。  相似文献   

天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川浅冰芯中红酵母菌多样性及种系的产酶特性分析     

薛梅  张瑞蕊  张艳  关波  靳亚梅  倪永清 《冰川冻土》2020,42(4):1308-1320

采用4种分离培养基分离可培养酵母菌, 通过分析ITS区序列确定菌株的分类地位。利用多点接触法筛选产酶菌株, 并对菌株的生理生化特征进行比较分析。结果显示： 从乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川（简称乌源1号冰川）浅冰芯中一共分离得到317株酵母菌, 通过ITS rRNA基因序列的NCBI比对和MSP-PCR指纹分型分析发现其中45株为原红酵母菌（Rhodotorula）, 分为5个种R.glutinis、 R.araucariae、 R.mucilaginosa、 R.kratochvilovae和R.diobovata。通过方差分析和聚类分析对45株红酵母进行产酶差异分析, 揭示红酵母菌的各个种群与胞外酶活性的关系。所有菌株至少产两种胞外酶, 其中产纤维素酶菌株占98%, 产果胶酶菌株占100%, 产淀粉酶和脲酶的菌株各47%, 产蛋白酶和脂肪酶的菌株分别占20%和9%, 而菌株YHB-9、 YHB-15、 YHB-39和YHB-45可以产5种酶, 所有菌株都不产几丁质酶。19株菌的最适生长温度在21 ℃左右, 26株菌的最适生长温度在24 ℃左右, 属于耐冷酵母菌。此外, 乌源1号冰川浅冰芯中分离出的红酵母的产酶性状没有表现出物种特异性, 即种间差异不显著, 但产低温酶性能良好, 在生物技术应用方面具有良好的开发潜力。  相似文献   

乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川不溶微粒的季节变化特征   总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12  

尤晓妮  李忠勤  王飞腾  朱宇曼 《地球科学进展》2006,21(11):1164-1170

冰芯中的不溶微粒是反映大气粉尘的良好指标,亦是冰芯定年的重要方法。为了探究不溶微粒在雪层中的季节变化特征,对采自乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川4 130 m处的雪冰样品进行不溶微粒分析。表层雪中粗微粒浓度在一年中有2个峰值,分别出现在12~3月、6~9月;总微粒只有一个峰值区,出现在4~8月。对比同期气象资料发现,其受降水、大气环流以及局地风影响显著。结合雪层物理剖面和微粒在雪层中的浓度发现：污化层是粗颗粒（直径大于10 μm）聚集的区域。对该粒径范围的微粒浓度峰值进行跟踪,发现不溶微粒在雪层中的浓度和位置变化与融水、物理成冰过程密切相关。  相似文献