Approximation of Gaussian spatial autoregressive models for massive regular square tessellation data     

Daniel A. Griffith 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(12):2143-2173

Most of the literature to date proposes approximations to the determinant of a positive definite n × n spatial covariance matrix (the Jacobian term) for Gaussian spatial autoregressive models that fail to support the analysis of massive georeferenced data sets. This paper briefly surveys this literature, recalls and refines much simpler Jacobian approximations, presents selected eigenvalue estimation techniques, summarizes validation results (for estimated eigenvalues, Jacobian approximations, and estimation of a spatial autocorrelation parameter), and illustrates the estimation of the spatial autocorrelation parameter in a spatial autoregressive model specification for cases as large as n = 37,214,101. The principal contribution of this paper is to the implementation of spatial autoregressive model specifications for any size of georeferenced data set. Its specific additions to the literature include (1) new, more efficient estimation algorithms; (2) an approximation of the Jacobian term for remotely sensed data forming incomplete rectangular regions; (3) issues of inference; and (4) timing results.  相似文献   

Kinematics of active earthflows revealed by digital image correlation and DEM subtraction techniques applied to multi‐temporal LiDAR data     

Alexander Daehne  Alessandro Corsini 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2013,38(6):640-654

Earthflow‐type landslides are persistent natural hazards having deep socio‐economic and environmental consequences. They have significantly contributed to the geomorphic evolution of mountainous slopes in Europe since the Late Glacial. An understanding of their complex kinematics is crucial to better constrain the processes governing their occurrence and mobility. In this work we explored the possibility to quantify displacement vectors on a spatially distributed basis and to quantify volumetric transfer at the slope scale with regard to a large flow‐type landslide located in the northern Apennines of Italy. For this purpose we applied digital image correlation (DIC) and digital elevation model differencing (DEMoD) techniques to multi‐temporal airborne LiDAR surveys of 2006, 2007 and 2009. The DIC was applied to greyscale slope gradient maps retrieved after precise co‐registration of LiDAR surveys. Thereby, movement patterns over various sectors of the landslide were reconstructed and quantified, most notably up to 20 m in the head zone, up to 51 m in the lower main track, and up to about 27 m at the landslide toe. The DEMoD analysis revealed significant mass transfer from the source to the tracks and toe zone, with the upper flow tracks acting as temporal storage of large amounts of material. The mass balance indicated that significant amounts of advancing landslide debris were eroded by a local stream. An integrated analysis of DEMoD and DIC results allowed for a discussion of governing processes, such as the transition from slide to flow, the influence of underlying topography on earthflow mobility, and the role of undrained loading as a mechanism of toe zone reactivation. In conclusion, the successful application of DIC and DEMoD to the case study underlines the added value of high‐resolution DEMs in the analysis of earthflow kinematics toward a better understanding of their role in the geomorphic evolution of slopes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于宽巷载波的GPS周跳探测与修复的算法改进     

周桂初  程新文  李英成  柳忠伟  李英杰 《地理空间信息》2013,11(2):118-121

鉴于双频P码伪距结合相位观测值用于探测周跳存在的不足,提出了结合DCPC图像和相应的算法来分析周跳发生大小以及发生位置的方法。尤其是在载波L1与L2出现大小相同的周跳且宽巷载波失效的情况下,需结合DCPC图像来分析周跳发生的历元,通过M-W宽巷载波组合及其电离层残差组合,用两历元间的二元一次方程来修复周跳。该方法能够快速地探测及修复周跳,具有实用性。  相似文献   

一种顾及影像间位置关系的匀光方法     

周志诚  张勇  方敏  何碧波 《地理空间信息》2013,(3):57-59

提出了基于矩匹配的色彩平衡算法,在顾及影像间位置关系的基础上将影像的均值和均方差映射到给定的数值,并且使不同区域的灰度均值和均方差近似相等,在尽量保持影像原有色调的条件下消除影像之间以及影像内部的色调和亮度差异。  相似文献   

基于LiDAR的解析空中三角测量像控点提取研究     

侯家槐  徐苗  张志强 《测绘与空间地理信息》2013,(8):217-220

提出了一种利用雷达数据解算航空影像的方法,即在航空摄影测量过程中用规则建筑物顶面中心作为控制点,代替传统摄影测量中的像控点。LiDAR数据中导出的中心点相当于一个带有3维坐标的单个点,能够用于空中三角测量系统,从而省去外业像控测量的步骤。利用LiDAR数据作为地面控制点进行空中三角测量的控制点加密,验证了方法的可行性,证明了LiDAR参考系中规则顶面中心点作为控制点进行空三加密可以满足丘陵地区1∶5 000比例尺成图要求。  相似文献   

CBERS-02B星CCD与HR数据融合方法探讨     

李石华  金宝轩 《测绘与空间地理信息》2013,36(6):42-45

随着CBERS-02B星(以下简称02B星)多光谱CCD数据与全色HR数据在各个领域的广泛应用,两者相差较大的空间分辨率给图像融合带来难题。在对改进型的IHS变换、主成分变换、Brovey变换、GS变换等融合算法分析的基础上,利用02B星数据进行融合试验,并对试验结果进行定性与定量评价,结果表明:①Brovey变换融合效果较差;②在影像的阴影区域,改进型的IHS变换融合结果存在光谱失真;③PCA变换光谱保真较好;④GS变换无论是统计结果还是图像的色彩和清晰度都明显优于上述三种方法。  相似文献   

倾斜影像的量测方法研究     

王卿  吴晓明  刘力荣  李豪 《测绘与空间地理信息》2013,(9)

随着“数字地球”“数字城市”的提出,能够快速获取空间数据基础信息成为当今急需解决的问题之一。传统的航空摄影测量主要是对地物顶部信息的获取,而对侧面信息获取比较困难,因此倾斜航空测量技术成为国内外快速发展起来的一门高新技术。本文主要论述了基于倾斜影像量测的几种方法,并对以后量测方法的发展趋势进行了说明。  相似文献   

高分辨率卫星影像立体测图分析研究     

白峰  刘玲 《测绘与空间地理信息》2013,(10):233-234,237

运用高分辨率卫星遥感影像立体像对,利用少量的外业控制点,进行l：10000比例尺地形图立体测图精度试验,获取分辨率更高的彩色影像。  相似文献   

基于像方特征点的多视影像最小二乘匹配     

陈晓辉  马丽霞  王晓光 《测绘与空间地理信息》2013,(10):248-254

为了能得到更精确的影像初始值,进行高精度的影像匹配,本文分别选取了两种物方多视匹配模型和不同匹配策略、不同约束条件下的影像粗匹配结果作为初始值进行最小二乘精匹配。实验结果表明物方匹配模型可以提供很精确的初始值,而金字塔、视差和共线方程共同约束下的最小二乘匹配精度更高,可靠性、鲁棒性及稳定性更好,验证了结合合理的匹配策略和约束方法的最小二乘优化可以将匹配精度达到1／10000精度。  相似文献   

一种气象卫星云图的坐标转换与配准方法研究     

张叶  孙斌  张建 《测绘与空间地理信息》2013,36(7):222-224

设计了气象卫星云图坐标转换与范围截取的算法,并基于ArcEngine组件实现了卫星云图的自动配准。实验证明,本文提出的方法可以快速有效地实现卫星云图的位置校正以及与基础地理数据的准确叠加,减少分析过程中的误差,提高气象卫星云图的使用效率,对天气监测及分析预报等工作提供了及时、有效、科学的辅助决策支持。  相似文献