Retrieval study of lake water depth by using multi-spectral remote sensing in Bangong Co Lake     

Pu Zheng  ZhengDong Deng  Xin Ye 《寒旱区科学》2014,6(3):0266-0272

This paper reviewed studies on remote sensing of water depth retrieval. Four water depth retrieval models （single-band, dou- ble-ratio-band, multi-band, and BP network models） were evaluated using TM image and water data from Bangong Co Lake, which is located in China＇s Tibet Autonomous Region and Indian Kashmir. Tested by independent data, comparison of these four models demonstrates that BP network model performed better than the multi-band model, with the single-band model performing the worst. To sum up, this study demonstrates that first, BP network model performed better than the traditional model; second, precise atmospheric correction and radiation study, affected by different water level sand sediment, could improve the precision of water depth retrieval.  相似文献   

GPS无线电掩星后向传播方法          下载免费PDF全文

徐贤胜  黄思训  郭鹏  洪振杰 《地球物理学报》2011,54(9):2193-2200

在大气多路径传播条件下,讨论了两种无线电信号的反演方法:几何光学方法和后向传播方法.当大气存在多路径效应时,采用几何光学方法反演大气参数会引入较大误差.后向传播方法将无线电信号从多路径区域反推至单路径区域,减少了大气多路径效应的影响.为了比较不同的反演方法,利用多相位屏模型,数值模拟了大气多路径条件下无线电信号在大气中...  相似文献   

2008年青岛市一次典型大气外来源输送污染过程分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

秦娟娟  王静  程建光 《气象与环境学报》2010,26(6):35-39

以中国青岛市2008年5月27日至6月2日一次典型大气污染过程为例,利用美国国家环保中心全球再分析数据（水平分辨率为2.5°×2.5°）和美国国家海洋和大气局(NOAA)污染物轨迹模式HYSPLIT-4对此污染过程进行模拟分析。结果表明：大气环流形式对此次污染过程的发生及传输有显著影响,在500 hPa高空图上表现为一脊一槽型,使中国北方上空处于强的西北气流控制下,而地面图上生成于蒙古国的低气压气旋中心东移,产生的上升气流携带大量地表细粒子进入对流层;利用后向轨迹模式分析显示整个过程污染期受西北气流影响显著,而清洁期的气团源地主要为黄海。  相似文献   

Back‐projection stacking of P‐ and S‐waves to determine location and focal mechanism of microseismic events recorded by a surface array          下载免费PDF全文

J. Vl ek  T. Fischer  J. Vilhelm 《Geophysical Prospecting》2016,64(6):1428-1440

We present an automatic method of processing microseismic data acquired at the surface by a star‐like array. The back‐projection approach allows successive determination of the hypocenter position of each event and of its focal mechanisms. One‐component vertical geophone groups and three‐component accelerometers are employed to monitor both P‐ and S‐waves. Hypocenter coordinates are determined in a grid by back‐projection stacking of the short‐time‐average‐to‐long‐time‐average ratio of absolute amplitudes at vertical components and polarization norm derived from horizontal components of the P‐ and S‐waves, respectively. To make the location process more efficient, calculation is started with a coarse grid and zoomed to the optimum hypocenter using an oct‐tree algorithm. The focal mechanism is then determined by stacking the vertical component seismograms corrected for the theoretical P‐wave polarity of the focal mechanism. The mechanism is resolved in the coordinate space of strike, dip, and rake angles. The method is tested on 34 selected events of a dataset of hydraulic fracture monitoring of a shale gas play in North America. It was found that, by including S‐waves, the vertical accuracy of locations improved by a factor of two and is equal to approximately the horizontal location error. A twofold enhancement of horizontal location accuracy is achieved if a denser array of geophone groups is used instead of the sparse array of three‐component seismometers. The determined focal mechanisms are similar to those obtained by other methods applied to the same dataset.  相似文献   

PDC取心钻头设计支持系统的设计与开发     

曾小慧  刘宗健  潘真  汤凤林 《煤田地质与勘探》2012,40(4):86-89

为了提高地质勘探钻头的设计水平,缩短其设计与研发周期,以Pro/Engineer软件为开发平台,结合Pro/Toolkit和VC++开发工具,设计开发了一个集参数化三维及二维绘图、有关设计计算和分析等设计功能为一体的PDC取心钻头设计支持系统。在系统完全实现后,将能使钻头生产实现产品设计现代化,从而提升产品设计的技术水平和提高产品设计及研发效率。   相似文献   

Comprehensive analysis and artificial intelligent simulation of land subsidence of Beijing, China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

ZHU Lin  GONG Huili  LI Xiaojuan  LI Yongyong  SU Xiaosi  GUO Gaoxuan 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2013,23(2):237-248

Mechanism and modeling of the land subsidence are complex because of the complicate geological background in Beijing, China. This paper analyzed the spatial relationship between land subsidence and three factors, including the change of groundwater level, the thickness of compressible sediments and the building area by using remote sensing and GIS tools in the upper-middle part of alluvial-proluvial plain fan of the Chaobai River in Beijing. Based on the spatial analysis of the land subsidence and three factors, there exist significant non-linear relationship between the vertical displacement and three factors. The Back Propagation Neural Network (BPN) model combined with Genetic Algorithm (GA) was used to simulate regional distribution of the land subsidence. Results showed that at field scale, the groundwater level and land subsidence showed a significant linear relationship. However, at regional scale, the spatial distribution of groundwater depletion funnel did not overlap with the land subsidence funnel. As to the factor of compressible strata, the places with the biggest compressible strata thickness did not have the largest vertical displacement. The distributions of building area and land subsidence have no obvious spatial relationships. The BPN-GA model simulation results illustrated that the accuracy of the trained model during fifty years is acceptable with an error of 51% of verification data less than 20 mm and the average of the absolute error about 32 mm. The BPN model could be utilized to simulate the general distribution of land subsidence in the study area. Overall, this work contributes to better understand the complex relationship between the land subsidence and three influencing factors. And the distribution of the land subsidence can be simulated by the trained BPN-GA model with the limited available dada and acceptable accuracy.  相似文献   

长江三角洲地区四省会城市PM10污染特征   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

石春娥  翟武全  杨军  王水  姚克亚 《高原气象》2008,27(2):408-414

对长江三角洲地区四省会城市(上海、南京、杭州、合肥)2001-2005年逐日大气污染指数资料进行统计分析,并采用HYSPLIT轨迹模式,分析了各城市中度以上大气污染过程的输送特征。结果表明:2002年以后,四省会城市的大气质量都有好转的趋势;大气污染发生频率最高的季节是春季(南京)和冬季(其他城市);11月和3月是大气污染出现频率最高的月份。上海PM10与NO2和SO2浓度之间存在非常显著的正相关,合肥PM10与NO2和SO2浓度之间的相关性比上海略差。两城市都是PM10与NO2之间的偏相关系数远大于与SO2之间的偏相关系数。各城市的PM10浓度都与另外三个城市之间存在显著的正相关,尤其是3,4月份。后向轨迹分析表明,造成本地区中度以上大气污染的气团以西北来向为主。  相似文献   

后弧（rear arc）岩浆作用的特征及其意义          下载免费PDF全文

袁方林  杨婧张旗  刘欣雨张成立 《地质科学》2017,(4):1388-1410

后弧岩浆作用（rear arc magmatism）是一个新的术语,国内文献大多认为与弧后（back arc）相当,也译为弧后。实际上rear arc 不同于back arc,前者仍然属于弧的范围,而后者已不属于弧结构。目前,对后弧岩浆作用的研究还十分有限, 原因一是 rear arc 出露较少,二是 rear arc 的鉴别标志不清楚。本文尝试对后弧玄武岩（rear arc basalt, RAB）作一个简单的介绍, 并采用对大量数据进行分析比较的方法与典型的岛弧玄武岩（IAB）和弧后盆地玄武岩（BAB）作一个对比。研究表明,后弧玄武岩主要由中-高 K 钙碱性和钾玄岩系列组成, 与典型的 IAB 和 BAB 相比, RAB 富集 Na₂O、K₂O、P₂O₅ ,贫CaO。后弧岩浆作用的微量元素具有典型的弧岩浆岩的特点,但LILE 及HFSE 比典型的岛弧岩浆的含量更富集,LREE 明显高于岛弧岩浆岩。 与岛弧岩浆相似,后弧岩浆同样具有明显的Nb-Ta 负异常。研究表明,上述3 类玄武岩很难区分开。但是,BAB 和RAB之间还是有一些不同的,如Sc/Nb-Ba/Y、Cu/P₂O₅-Y/Zr、Sc/Nb-Sr/Y 以及F₂O₃ /Zr-Y/Zr 等判别图。本文作者指出,后弧岩浆作用的提出完善了弧结构：一个完整的弧,从海沟向弧的方向,随着板块的俯冲作用,岩浆源区深度增加,地壳混染程度增加,依次出现前弧、弧和后弧岩浆作用, 至弧的后部,洋壳拉张,出现弧后盆地。前弧以玻安岩为代表,弧主要是IAB,后弧为碱性玄武岩,弧后则为MORB（+IAB 的印记）。显然,后弧岩浆作用的提出,对古造山带岛弧结构的恢复、古俯冲方向的确定是有积极意义的。  相似文献   

The application of artificial neural networks to simulate meltwater runoff of Keqikaer Glacier,south slope of Mt. Tuomuer,western China     

Chen Caiping  Ding Yongjian 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(8):1839-1845

Because glacial melting provides a significant amount of surface water resources, especially in cold arid regions, it is critical that effective methods be developed for predicting their behavior. Glacier runoff differs from other types of stream flows, being characterized by large diurnal fluctuations, with maximum discharge during the summer months. Moreover, the size and remoteness of glaciers makes them difficult to study directly. Hence, developing effective modeling techniques is our best hope for understanding and predicting glacial melting phenomena. In the past, physics-based models have been used with some success. In this study, conducted in 2003 and 2004 on the Keqikaer Glacier on the south slope of Mt. Tuomuer, however, we used the newer artificial neural networks (ANNs) modeling technique. As the input nerve cell, we used the hourly wind speed, precipitation, air temperature, radiation balance, and ground temperature; the output nerve cell was the diurnal runoff at the glacial terminus. We then analyzed the simulated results under different scenarios by varying the input-nerve-cell parameters. It was found that ANN can simulate the process of glacier meltwater runoff successfully when basic parameters such as air temperature, precipitation and radiation balance are few. The results indicate that ANN can simulate the process of glacial meltwater runoff quite well, and that meteorological variables could in fact be used successfully to simulate glacier meltwater runoff using the ANN method.  相似文献   

A Bayesian framework for updating model parameters while considering spatial variability     

Pinom Ering  G. L. Sivakumar Babu 《Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards》2017,11(4):285-298

The study presents a recent slope failure in India which resulted in the burial of a village and claimed large number of lives. Current methods of probabilistic back analysis incorporate uncertainty in the analysis but do not consider spatial variability. In this study, back analysis is performed using Bayesian analysis in conjunction with random field theory. The probabilistic method is shown to be efficient in back-analysing a slope failure. It also provides confidence in parameter values to be used for post-failure slope design. The back analysis method which does not consider spatial variability overestimates the uncertainty in analysis, which can lead to uneconomical slope remediation design and measures.  相似文献