Comparison between the Gauss’ law method and the zero current method to calculate multi-species ionic diffusion in saturated uncharged porous materials     

Björn Johannesson 《Computers and Geotechnics》2010

A novel numerical method based on the finite element approach is established for the zero current method approach for calculating multi-species ionic diffusion. The proposed numerical method uses the direct calculation of the coupled set of equations in favor of the staggering approach. A one-step truly implicit time stepping scheme is adopted together with an implementation of a modified Newton–Raphson iteration scheme for search of equilibrium at each considered time step calculation. Results from the zero current case are compared with existing results from the solutions of the more general Gauss’ law method.  相似文献   

北秦岭丹凤地区早古生代花岗岩的Pb、Sr、Nd同位素地球化学特征   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

陈岳龙 《地质科学》1995,30(3):247-258

通过对北秦岭丹凤地区早古生代花岗岩的Ph、Sr、Nd同位素地球化学特征的系统研究,结合元素地球化学特征,证明早古生代具成分极性的枣园、黄柏岔、石门花岗岩是由于秦岭群斜长角闪岩和黑云斜长片麻岩部分熔融,近俯冲带以熔体与熔体的混合、远离俯冲带是前者产生的熔体与后者熔融后的残留相以不同比例混合形成的。  相似文献   

The Bayesian approach applied to GPS ambiguity resolution. A mixture model for the discrete–real ambiguities alternative     

M. C. de Lacy  F. Sansò  G. Rodriguez-Caderot  A. J. Gil 《Journal of Geodesy》2002,76(2):82-94

 The problem of phase ambiguity resolution in global positioning system (GPS) theory is considered. The Bayesian approach is applied to this problem and, using Monte Carlo simulation to search over the integer candidates, a practical expression for the Bayesian estimator is obtained. The analysis of the integer grid points inside the search ellipsoid and their evolution with time, while measurements are accumulated, leads to the development of a Bayesian theory based on a mathematical mixture model for the ambiguity. Received: 29 March 2001 / Accepted: 3 September 2001  相似文献   

Enviromental genotoxicity evaluation: Bayesian approach for a mixture statistical model     

A. M. de S. Bueno  C. A. de B. Pereira  M. N. Rabello-Gay  J. M. Stern 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2002,16(4):267-278

 The data analyzed in this paper are part of the results described in Bueno et al. (2000). Three cytogenetics endpoints were analyzed in three populations of a species of wild rodent – Akodon montensis – living in an industrial, an agricultural, and a preservation area at the Itajaí Valley, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The polychromatic/normochromatic ratio, the mitotic index, and the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocites were used in an attempt to establish a genotoxic profile of each area. It was assumed that the three populations were in the same conditions with respect to the influence of confounding factors such as animal age, health, nutrition status, presence of pathogens, and intra- and inter-populational genetic variability. Therefore, any differences found in the endpoints analyzed could be attributed to the external agents present in each area. The statistical models used in this paper are mixtures of negative-binomials and Poisson variables. The Poisson variables are used as approximations of binomials for rare events. The mixing distributions are beta densities. The statistical analyzes are under the bayesian perspective, as opposed to the frequentist ones often considered in the literature, as for instance in Bueno et al. (2000).  相似文献   

线性光谱混合模型的适用观测尺度分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

宋江涛  潘军  邢立新  蒋立军  孙也涵  张雪峰  仲伟敬  范博文 《遥感学报》2019,23(2):262-279

线性光谱混合模型是目前应用最广泛的光谱混合模型,但由于遥感观测多分辨率的特点,模型的适用性会受到尺度效应的影响。为探索该模型在不同观测尺度下的适用程度,本文从地物辐射原理出发,通过理论推导微面元辐射通量表达式,得出地物辐射通量除了与端元反射率和面积比有关外,也与天顶角存在显著的非线性关系。因此,在线性光谱混合模型和微面元辐射通量的基础上,推导了更具普适性的积分线性光谱混合模型的表达式,再采用数值模拟的方法,计算了两模型的相对差值Δρ,结果表明Δρ的大小仅与探测单元的半瞬时视场角β有关,并通过实测光谱实验对上述推论进行了验证。研究表明,当β13°时,Δρ较小,线性光谱混合模型是积分线性光谱混合模型的一种近似表达形式,β完全可作为确定线性光谱混合模型适用观测尺度的关键依据,并且该模型的适用程度随β的增大而降低。  相似文献   

面向对象高分遥感影像典型自然地物半自动提取     

张春森  贾欣  吴蓉蓉  崔卫红  史书  郭丙轩 《地球信息科学学报》2021,23(6):1050-1062

针对目前高空间分辨率遥感影像（简称高分遥感影像）地物全自动提取无法完全实现的现实,本文结合自然地物的光谱和纹理特征,提出一种面向对象的高分遥感影像典型自然地物半自动提取方法。首先构建最小生成树（Minimum Spanning Tree, MST）进行影像初始分割,根据影像灰度平均归一化值和标准差统计对象的光谱、纹理等特征。用户通过“种子点”交互选取提供前景样本,并基于区域邻接图（Region Adjacency Graph, RAG）寻找合并代价最小的区域扩充前景样本。在自动构建的环形缓冲区内选择背景样本,利用特征空间高斯滤波实现全连接条件随机场中均值场更新。依据全连接条件随机场描述全局信息,结合不同地物的提取准则最终得到自然地物的提取结果。以航空和高分二号(GF-2)遥感影像为实验数据,分别对林地、草地、耕地、裸地和水体等典型自然地物进行提取。结果显示,基于本文方法的航空影像典型自然地物提取总精度和Kappa值为0.959和0.948,相较于SVM方法分别提升了20.757%和0.268。高分二号(GF-2)遥感影像的提取总精度和Kappa值为0.959和0.941,相比SVM方法分别提高了1.698%和0.133。证明所给方法能够通过较少的用户交互,实现高分遥感影像典型自然地物高精度智能提取。  相似文献   

Latent lifestyle preferences and household location decisions   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

Joan L. Walker  Jieping Li 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2007,9(1):77-101

Lifestyle, indicating preferences towards a particular way of living, is a key driver of the decision of where to live. We employ latent class choice models to represent this behavior, where the latent classes are the lifestyles and the choice model is the choice of residential location. Thus, we simultaneously estimate lifestyle groups and how lifestyle impacts location decisions. Empirical results indicate three latent lifestyle segments: suburban dwellers, urban dwellers, and transit-riders. The suggested lifestyle segments have intriguing policy implications. Lifecycle characteristics are used to predict lifestyle preferences, although there remain significant aspects that cannot be explained by observable variables.

Jieping LiEmail:

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改良土静强度试验及结果分析   总被引：16，自引：4，他引：12  

曹晓娟孙明智  孟宪勇 《工程地质学报》2004,12(1):109-112

本文研究了粉粘土及粘土在加入不同配比的石灰、水泥、粉煤灰时的静三轴强度的变化规律 ,通过分析比较 ,得出了不同掺合料的掺合比与强度的关系 ,为设计、施工及养护提供可靠的依据 ,以满足高速铁路基床底层及基床以下路堤填料的技术要求.  相似文献   

Ecotoxicological evaluation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using marine invertebrate embryo–larval bioassays     

Juan Bellas  Liliana Saco-lvarez   scar Nieto  Ricardo Beiras 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,57(6-12):493

The toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was determined using mussel, sea-urchin and ascidian embryo–larval bioassays. Fluorescent light exposure enhanced phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene and hydroxypyrene toxicity in comparison with dark conditions, but not naphthalene and fluorene toxicity. The toxicity of PAHs was inversely related to their K_OW values following QSAR models derived for baseline toxicity of general narcotics, whereas the obtained regression using toxicity data from photoactivated PAHs significantly departed from the general narcosis model. Also, the mixture toxicity of five PAHs to the larval growth of the sea-urchin was compared with predictions derived from the concentration addition concept, indicating less than additive effects. Finally, we compared our toxicity data with worst-case environmental concentrations in order to provide a preliminary estimate of the risk to the marine environment. Naphthalene, fluorene and pyrene are not considered to pose a risk to sea-urchin, mussel or ascidian larvae, whilst phenanthrene and fluoranthene may pose a risk for mussel and sea-urchin. Moreover, a higher risk for those species is expected when we consider the photoactivation of the PAHs.  相似文献   

结合序贯指示模拟的贝叶斯高斯混合线性反演          下载免费PDF全文

印兴耀  贺东阳  宗兆云  李坤  肖张波  张仟策 《地球物理学报》2019,62(12):4805-4816

高斯混合模型(Gaussian Mixture Model, GMM)可以用来描述储层性质的多峰分布特性,多峰特性主要是由于它们在不同离散变量内的变化而引起的.在高斯混合模型中,高斯分量的权值代表离散变量的概率.然而,基于高斯混合模型的贝叶斯线性反演可能会对某些点的离散变量错误地分类,进而影响连续变量的反演结果,尤其存在强噪声的时候.在本文中,我们考虑了离散变量的空间变化性,并将高斯混合模型与序贯指示模拟(Sequential Indicator Simulation, SIS)相结合来确定离散变量的后验条件权值,形成了结合序贯指示模拟的贝叶斯高斯混合线性反演方法.该方法能够准确地对离散变量进行归类,且具有良好的抗噪性.通过模型试算,我们证明了这种方法的可行性,并在实际资料中取得了较好的结果.  相似文献