1981-2001年珠穆朗玛峰自然保护区植被变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张玮  张镱锂  王兆锋  丁明军  杨续超  蔺学东  刘林山 《地理学报(英文版)》2007,17(2):152-164

Based on the NOAA AVHRR-NDVI data from 1981 to 2001, the digitalized China Vegetation Map （1：1,000,000）, DEM, temperature and precipitation data, and field investigation, the spatial patterns and vertical characteristics of natural vegetation changes and their influencing factors in the Mt. Qomolangma Nature Reserve have been studied. The results show that： （1） There is remarkable spatial difference of natural vegetation changes in the Mt. Qomolangma Nature Reserve and stability is the most common status. There are 5.04% of the whole area being seriously degraded, 13.19% slightly degraded, 26.39% slightly improved, 0.97% significantly improved and 54.41% keeping stable. The seriously and slightly degraded areas, which mostly lie in the south of the reserve, are along the national boundaries. The areas of improved vegetation lie in the north of the reserve and the south side of the Yarlung Zangbo River. The stable areas lie between the improved and degraded areas. Degradation decreases with elevation. （2） Degeneration in the Mt. Qomolangma Nature Reserve mostly affects shrubs, needle-leaved forests and mixed forests. （3） The temperature change affects the natural vegetation changes spatially while the integration of temperature changes, slopes and aspects affects the natural vegetation change along the altitude gradients. （4） It is the overuse of resources that leads to the vegetation degeneration in some parts of the Mt. Qomolangma Nature Reserve.  相似文献   

NCEP/NCAR 再分析资料在珠穆朗玛峰 -念青唐古拉山脉气象研究中的可信性   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

谢爱红  秦大河  任贾文  秦翔  康世昌  蒋友严 《地理学报》2007,62(3):268-278

由于珠穆朗玛峰- 念青唐古拉山脉极高山区特殊的自然环境, 这一带的气象观测资料极其匮乏。2003 年在青藏高原南部念青唐古拉山脉(30^o24'44.3"N, 90^o34'13.1"E, 5850 m a.s. l.) 建立了自动气象站; 2005 年在珠穆朗玛峰北坡垭口(28^o01'0.95"N, 86^o57'48.4"E, 6523 m a.s.l.) 建立了自动气象站。利用这两自动气象站的观测资料与NCEP/NCAR 再分析资料进行对比, 检验NCEP/NCAR 再分析数据在喜马拉雅山脉-青藏高原南部一带的可行性。研究结果表明, NCEP/NCAR 再分析资料能够较好地反映气压和气温的天气尺度的变化。但是, 再分析的气压和气温值系统性低于相应观测值, 而且, 某种程度上, 低估了实际的变化幅度; 再分析天气事件, 在珠穆朗玛峰地区, 超前于实际观测一日发生, 而在念青唐古拉地区, 基本上是与观测事件同一日发生。由于受相似大气环流的影响, 珠峰和念青两者之间的观测资料、再分析资料都高度相关。  相似文献   

Monitoring glacier and supra-glacier lakes from space in Mt. Qomolangma region of the Himalayas on the Tibetan Plateau in China   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

Alfred Stein 《山地科学学报》2009,6(3):211-220

Because of the large number and remoteness, satellite data, including microwave data and optical imagery, have commonly been used in alpine glaciers surveys. Using remote sensing and Geographical Information System （GIS） techniques, the paper presents the results of a multitemporal satellite glacier extent mapping and glacier changes by glacier sizes in the Mt. Qomolangma region at the northern slopes of the middle Himalayas over the Tibetan Plateau. Glaciers in this region have both retreated and advanced in the past 35 years, with retreat dominating. The glacier retreat area was 3.23 km2 （or o.75 km^2 yr^-1 during 1974 and 1976, 8.68 km^2 （or 0.36 km^2 yr^-1 during 1976 and 1992, 1.44 km^2 （or 0.12 km^2 yr^-1） during 1992-2ooo. 1.14 km^2 （or 0.22 km^2 yr^-1 during 2000-2003, and 0.52 km^2 （or 0.07 km^2 yr^-1 during 2003-2008, respectively. While supra-glacier lakes on the debris-terminus of the Rongbuk Glacier were enlarged dramatically at the same time, from 0.05 km^2 in 1974 increased to 0.71 km^2 in 2008, which was more than 13 times larger in the last 35 years. In addition, glacier changes also showed spatial differences, for example, glacier retreat rate was the fastest at glacier termini between 5400 and 5700 m a.s.l than at other elevations. The result also shows that glaciers in the middle Himalayas retreat almost at a same pace with those in the western Himalayas.  相似文献   

珠穆朗玛峰自然保护区生态环境数据集成方案     

阚瑷珂  王绪本  吴旭  李国庆  余年  高志勇  汪刘艳 《地球信息科学学报》2009,11(4):505-512

多源生态环境数据的科学组织与集成方法,对开展区域生态环境研究意义重大。本文以西藏珠穆朗玛峰国家级自然保护区为例,研究典型高原生态环境系统的数据特征和组织分类、数据模型构建、编码和元数据等有关数据集成的关键问题。设计了生态环境数据集成概念模型框架,从数据集分层组织、属性编码和元数据标准制定等多层面描述其基本语义结构,建立了珠峰自然保护区多源生态环境数据库。通过CASE工具Microsoft Visio2003建模和数据预处理,无缝集成FGDB(File Geodatabase)数据库中的生态环境专题信息;结合空间认知规则,并叠加要素类所表现的语义特征,实现面向数据集成分析的基本信息提取,乃至产生新的知识和规律。本文提出的珠峰自然保护区生态环境数据组织和集成方案,形成了一套初步可行的"数据集成-信息提取-知识发现"生态信息流映射机制,为区域生态环境研究提供了实用、可靠的数据基础保障。  相似文献   

Climate change on the southern slope of Mt. Qomolangma （Everest） Region in Nepal since 1971   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

祁威  张镱锂  高俊刚  杨续超  刘林山  Narendra R.KHANAL 《地理学报(英文版)》2013,23(4):595-611

Based on monthly mean, maximum, and minimum air temperature and monthly mean precipitation data from 10 meteorological stations on the southern slope of the Mt. Qomolangma region in Nepal between 1971 and 2009, the spatial and temporal characteristics of climatic change in this region were analyzed using climatic linear trend, Sen＇s Slope Estimates and Mann-Kendall Test analysis methods. This paper focuses only on the southern slope and attempts to compare the results with those from the northern slope to clarify the characteristics and trends of climatic change in the Mt. Qomolangma region. The results showed that： （1） between 1971 and 2009, the annual mean temperature in the study area was 20.0℃, the rising rate of annual mean temperature was 0.25℃/10a, and the temperature increases were highly influenced by the maximum temperature in this region. On the other hand, the temperature increases on the northern slope of Mt. Qomolangma region were highly influenced by the minimum temperature. In 1974 and 1992, the temperature rose noticeably in February and September in the southern region when the increment passed 0.9℃. （2） Precipitation had an asymmetric distribution; between 1971 and 2009, the annual precipitation was 1729.01 mm. In this region, precipitation showed an increasing trend of 4.27 mm/a, but this was not statistically significant. In addition, the increase in rainfall was mainly concentrated in the period from April to October, including the entire monsoon period （from June to September） when precipitation accounts for about 78.9% of the annual total. （3） The influence of altitude on climate warming was not clear in the southern region, whereas the trend of climate warming was obvious on the northern slope of Mt. Qomolangma. The annual mean precipitation in the southern region was much higher than that of the northern slope of the Mt. Qomolangma region. This shows the barrier effect of the Himalayas as a whole and Mt. Qomolangma in particular.  相似文献   

Predicting potential distribution of Tibetan spruce (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Picea smithiana</Emphasis>) in Qomolangma (Mount Everest) National Nature Preserve using maximum entropy niche-based model     

Jiping Zhang  Yili Zhang  Linshan Liu  Yong Nie 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2011,21(4):417-426

Tibetan spruce (Picea smithiana) is an endemic species of the Himalayas,and it distributes only in a re-stricted area with very low number.To address the lack of detailed distributional information,we used maximum en-tropy (Maxent) niche-based model to predict the species' potential distribution from limited occurrence-only records.The location data of P.smithiana,relative bioclimatic variables,vegetation data,digital elevation model (DEM),and the derived data were analyzed in Maxent.The receiver operating ...  相似文献   

珠穆朗玛峰国家自然保护区沼泽湿地提取及其退化风险评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

马飞  阚瑷珂  李景吉  管磊  陈晓琴 《地球信息科学学报》2011,13(5):594-600,610

以珠穆朗玛峰国家自然保护区为研究区域,选取2009年23幅MODIS NDVI影像,采用傅里叶变换的HA-NTS算法去除云干扰,并重构NDVI时间序列图像.(1)根据研究区沼泽湿地与其他地物类型物候特征的差异,利用光谱角制图方法(SAM)获取了研究区2009年沼泽湿地的分布图.研究区沼泽湿地共有2 481.13km2,...  相似文献   

2005珠峰GPS测量大地高确定     

党亚民  程传录  陈俊勇  张鹏  王小锐 《测绘科学》2006,31(2):128-129,132

珠峰大地高确定是计算珠峰海拔高程一个关键环节。2005珠峰GPS测量大地高确定主要包括青藏地区GPS监测网、珠峰地区GPS控制网和珠峰峰顶GPS联测三部分;并利用GPS峰顶联测数据直接计算大地高。本文结合珠峰峰顶GPS观测自然环境恶劣的特点,分析比较了各种计算方案,确定了一种较为合理的解算珠峰大地高的GPS数据处理方法,获得了较为满意的珠峰大地高计算结果。  相似文献   

珠峰高程复测有关问题的探讨   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

党亚民 《测绘科学》2005,30(3):101-103

较系统地回顾了国内外珠峰高程测量的基本概况,介绍了利用传统大地测量方法和利用GPS技术测定珠峰海拔高程的基本方法,并据此分析了珠峰海拔高程测定的几种关键因素。结合介绍珠峰高程测量的新技术及其对珠峰高程测量的影响,对我国即将开展的珠峰高程复测可能涉及的一些问题做了初步探讨。  相似文献   

2007年春末夏初珠穆朗玛峰地区辐射特征分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

张志刚  秦翔  何立富  王建凯 《高原气象》2009,28(3):516-522

利用2007年5月23日～6月22日的观测数据和先前已有的相关实测资料,分析了总辐射、大气逆辐射、地面长波辐射、有效辐射以及地表反射率.结果表明:春末夏初珠峰大本营地区出现瞬时总辐射大于太阳常数的现象相当频繁,甚至还能出现小时平均值也大于太阳常数的记录;由于珠峰地区海拔高,大气稀薄,低温低湿,大气逆辐射明显减少;地面长波辐射不仅低于平原地区,也低于青藏高原其他地区;在地表辐射平衡中.珠峰大本营地表有效辐射大于反射辐射;随着海拔高度的增加,白天净辐射正值持续的时间相应缩短而最大值减少.  相似文献