一种RZB分量式钻孔应变仪原地线性标定技术及试验     

吴立恒  熊玉珍  李涛  陈征 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(4):437-440

由于运维时间长,RZB钻孔应变仪存在元器件老化、材质蠕变等问题,使传感器性能不断发生变化,需要定期对其进行原地静态物理标定。目前采用的以压电陶瓷为核心的静态物理标定方式存在迟滞、蠕变、非线性等缺陷,使标定结果精度差、误差大。本文设计了以陶瓷马达为核心、光栅传感器作为反馈、RS485总线为基础的远程线性标定机构,实现了RZB钻孔应变仪原地线性标定功能。在实验室开展原地线性标定模拟试验,传感器满量程的标定数据结果表明,标定分辨率达到2 μm,线性度优于1%。  相似文献   

基于最优TS评分和频率匹配的江苏近海风速订正     

苏翔  李超 《海洋通报》2020,39(5):548-557

近海风速预报在沿海防灾减灾、航运安全、风能评估等方面具有重要应用。本文基于欧洲中期天气预报中心数值预报 （ECMWF） 数据,将最优 TS 评分 （OTS） 与频率匹配 （FMM） 两种方法应用于江苏近海风速预报订正,对比了两种订正 方法的优缺点,分析了不同时间训练样本量以及空间站点观测资料数量对订正效果的影响。结果表明：在相同长度的训练期下,风速等级越小,时间训练期样本越多,预报订正值越稳定;对于 7 级以上高风速等级的预报,OTS 与 FMM 的 TS 评分差异不大, 但 FMM 订正更加稳定且频率偏差 （BIAS） 更接近 1;扩充站点观测资料可有效提升预报订正性能;对于 7 级以上灾害性大风,最佳的订正方案是采用 FMM 方法结合全年时间训练样本和扩充的站点观测资料。此外,本文还对比了不同风速情形下,订正前后 BIAS 和 TS 评分对于时间训练样本量、空间站点观测数量以及订正方法 （OTS 和 FMM） 的敏感性的相对大小。  相似文献   

Monthly calibration and optimization of ?ngstr?m-Prescott equation coefficients for comprehensive agricultural divisions in China     

XIA Xingsheng  PAN Yaozhong  ZHU Xiufang  ZHANG Jinshui 《地理学报(英文版)》2021,31(7):997-1014

?ngstr?m-Prescott equation (AP) is the algorithm recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations for calculating the surface solar radiation (R_s) to support the estimation of crop evapotranspiration.Thus,the a_s and b_s coefficients in the AP are vital.This study aims to obtain coefficients a_s and b_s in the AP,which are optimized for China’s comprehensive agricultural divisions.The average monthly solar radiation and relative sunshine duration data at 121 stations from 1957–2016 were collected.Using data from 1957 to 2010,we calculated the monthly a_s and b_s coefficients for each subregion by least-squares regression.Then,taking the observation values of R_s from 2011 to 2016 as the true values,we estimated and compared the relative accuracy of R_s calculated using the regression values of coefficients a_s and b_s and that calculated with the FAO recommended coefficients.The monthly coefficients,a_s and b_s,of each subregion are significantly different,both temporally and spatially,from the FAO recommended coefficients.The relative error range (0–54%) of R_s calculated via the regression values of the a_s and b_s coefficients is better than the relative error range (0–77%) of R_s calculated using the FAO suggested coefficients.The station-mean relative error was reduced by 1%to 6%.However,the regression values of the a_s and b_s coefficients performed worse in certain months and agricultural subregions during verification.Therefore,we selected the a_s and b_s coefficients with the minimum R_(s )estimation error as the final coefficients and constructed a coefficient recommendation table for 36 agricultural production and management subregions in China.These coefficient recommendations enrich the case study of coefficient calibration for the AP in China and can improve the accuracy of calculating R_s and crop evapotranspiration based on existing data.  相似文献   

Data assimilation in groundwater modelling: ensemble Kalman filter versus ensemble smoothers          下载免费PDF全文

Liangping Li  Ryan Puzel  Arden Davis 《水文研究》2018,32(13):2020-2029

Groundwater modelling calls for an effective and robust data integrating method to fill the gap between the model and observation data. The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), a real‐time data assimilation method, has been increasingly applied in multiple disciplines such as petroleum engineering and hydrogeology. In this approach, a groundwater model is updated sequentially with measured data such as hydraulic head and concentration. As an alternative to the EnKF, the ensemble smoother (ES) has been proposed for updating groundwater models using all the data together, with much less computational cost. To further improve the performance of the ES, an iterative ES has been proposed for continuously updating the model by assimilating measurements together. In this work, we compare the performance of the EnKF, the ES, and the iterative ES using a synthetic example in groundwater modelling. Hydraulic head data modelled on the basis of the reference conductivity field are used to inversely estimate conductivities at unsampled locations. Results are evaluated in terms of the characterization of conductivity and groundwater flow predictions. It is concluded that (a) the iterative ES works better than the standard ES because of its continuous updating and (b) the iterative ES could achieve results comparable with those of the EnKF, with less computational cost. These findings show that the iterative ES should be paid much more attention for data assimilation in groundwater modelling.  相似文献   

A hybrid calibration approach to Hertz-type contact parameters for discrete element models     

Tongming Qu  Yuntian Feng  Tingting Zhao  Min Wang 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2020,44(9):1281-1300

This study aims at providing a hybrid calibration framework to estimate Hertz-type contact parameters (particle-scale shear modulus and Poisson ratio) for both two-dimensional and three-dimensional discrete element modelling (DEM). On the basis of statistically isotropic granular packings, a set of analytical formulae between macroscopic material parameters (Young modulus and Poisson ratio) and particle-scale Hertz-type contact parameters for granular systems are derived under small-strain isotropic stress conditions. However, the derived analytical solutions are only estimated values for general models. By viewing each DEM modelling as an implicit mathematical function taking the particle-level parameters as independent variables and employing the derived analytical solutions as the initial input parameters, an automatic iterative scheme is proposed to obtain the calibrated parameters with higher accuracies. Considering highly nonlinear features and discontinuities of the macro-micro relationship in Hertz-based discrete element models, the adaptive moment estimation algorithm is adopted in this study because of its capacity of dealing with noise gradients of cost functions. The proposed method is validated with several numerical cases including randomly distributed monodisperse and polydisperse packings. Noticeable improvements in terms of calibration efficiency and accuracy have been made.  相似文献   

Application of multispectral LiDAR to automated virtual outcrop geology     

《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2014

Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is a valuable tool for creating virtual 3D models of geological outcrops to enable enhanced modeling and analysis of geologic strata. Application of TLS data is typically limited to the geometric point cloud that is used to create the 3D structure of the outcrop model. Digital photography can then be draped onto the 3D model, allowing visual identification and manual spatial delineation of different rock layers. Automation of the rock type identification and delineation is desirable, and recent work has investigated the use of terrestrial hyperspectral photography for this purpose. However, passive photography, whether visible or hyperspectral, presents several complexities, including accurate spatial registration with the TLS point cloud data, reliance on sunlight for illumination, and radiometric calibration to properly extract spectral signatures of the different rock types. As an active remote sensing method, a radiometrically calibrated TLS system offers the potential to directly provide spectral information for each recorded 3D point, independent of solar illumination. Therefore, the practical application of three radiometrically calibrated TLS systems with differing laser wavelengths, thereby achieving a multispectral dataset in conjunction with 3D point cloud data, is investigated using commercially available hardware and software. The radiometric calibration of the TLS intensity values is investigated and the classification performance of the multispectral TLS intensity and calibrated reflectance datasets evaluated and compared to classification performed with passive visible wavelength imagery. Results indicate that rock types can be successfully identified with radiometrically calibrated multispectral TLS data, with enhanced classification performance when fused with passive visible imagery.  相似文献   

The Role of Laser Ranging for Calibrating Jason-1: The Corsica Tracking Campaign     

PIERRE EXERTIER  JOËLLE NICOLAS  PHILIPPE BERIO  DAVID COULOT  PASCAL BONNEFOND  OLIVIER LAURAIN 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(1-2):333-340

The French Transportable Laser Ranging System (FTLRS), a highly transportable Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) instrument, was set up in Corsica (from January to September 2002) for participating to the JASON-1 altimeter verification phase. In addition to the tracking of oceanographic satellite missions and in order to perform an accurate positioning, the FTLRS also acquired laser ranging data on geodetic satellites, STARLETTE and STELLA essentially.

The paper describes the analysis strategy mainly based on the use of a short-arc orbit technique to compute accurate 1 cm local orbits, and then the geocentric positioning (2–3 mm relative to GPS). Finally, we established the JASON-1 absolute calibration value, based on 9 SLR short-arcs (between cycles 1 and 26), at 108.2 ± 8.7 mm; the 10-day repeatability is of 26.1 mm showing that a great accuracy has been reached.  相似文献   

Absolute Calibration of the Jason-1 Altimeter Using UK Tide Gauges     

PHILIP WOODWORTH  PHILIP MOORE  XIAOJUN DONG  RICHARD BINGLEY 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(1-2):95-106

This article describes an “absolute” calibration of Jason-1 (J-1) altimeter sea surface height bias using a method developed for TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) bias determination reported previously. The method makes use of U.K. tide gauges equipped with Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers to measure sea surface heights at the same time, and in the same geocentric reference frame, as Jason-1 altimetric heights recorded in the nearby ocean. The main time-dependent components of the observed altimeter-minus-gauge height-difference time series are due to the slightly different ocean tides at the gauge and in the ocean. The main harmonic coefficients of the tide differences are calculated from analysis of the copious TOPEX data set and then applied to the determination of T, P, and J-1 bias in turn. Datum connections between the tide gauge and altimetric sea surface heights are made by means of precise, local geoid differences from the EGG97 model. By these means, we have estimated Jason-1 altimeter bias determined from Geophysical Data Record (GDR) data for cycles 1–61 to be 12.9 cm, with an accuracy estimated to be approximately 3 cm on the basis of our earlier work. This J-1 bias value is in close agreement with those determined by other groups, which provides a further confirmation of the validity of our method and of its potential for application in other parts of the world where suitable tide gauge, GPS, and geoid information exist.  相似文献   

Jason Microwave Radiometer Performance and On-Orbit Calibration     

SHANNON BROWN  CHRIS RUF  STEVE KEIHM  AMI KITIYAKARA 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(1-2):199-220

Results are presented from the on-orbit calibration of the Jason Microwave Radiometer (JMR). The JMR brightness temperatures (TBs) are calibrated at the hottest and coldest ends of the instrument's dynamic range, using Amazon rain forest and vicarious cold on-Earth theoretical brightness temperature references. The retrieved path delay values are validated using collocated TOPEX Microwave Radiometer and Radiosonde Observation path delay (PD) values. Offsets of 1–4 K in the JMR TBs and 8–12 mm in the JMR PDs, relative to TMR measurements, were initially observed. There were also initial TB offsets of 2 K between the satellite's yaw state. The calibration was adjusted by tuning coefficients in the antenna temperature calibration algorithm and the antenna pattern correction algorithm. The calibrated path delay values are demonstrated to have no significant bias or scale errors with consistent performance in all nonprecipitating weather conditions. The uncertainty of the individual path delay measurements is estimated to be 0.74 cm ± 0.15, which exceeds the mission goal of 1.2 cm RMS.  相似文献   

Monitoring the TOPEX and Jason-1 Microwave Radiometers with GPS and VLBI Wet Zenith Path Delays   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

D. S. MACMILLAN  B. D. BECKLEY  P. FANG 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(3-4):703-716

Monitoring of altimeter microwave radiometer measurements is necessary in order to identify radiometer drifts or offsets that if uncorrected will introduce systematic errors into ocean height measurements. To examine TOPEX Microwave Radiometer (TMR) and Jason-1 Microwave Radiometer (JMR) behavior, we have used coincident wet zenith delay estimates from Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) and Global Positioning System (GPS) geodetic sites near altimeter ground tracks. We derived a TMR path delay drift rate of ?1.1 ± 0.1 mm/yr using GPS data for the period from 1993.0–1999.0 and ?1.2 ± 0.5 mm/yr using VLBI data. Thereafter, the drift appears to have leveled off. Already after 2.3 years (82 cycles) of the Jason-1 mission, it is clear that there have been significant systematic errors in the JMR path delay measurements. From comparison with GPS wet delays, there is an offset of ?5.2 ± 0.6 mm at about cycle 30 and a more abrupt offset of ?11.5 ± 0.8 mm at cycle 69. If we look at the behavior of the JMR coldest brightness temperatures, we see that the offsets near cycle 30 and cycle 69 are mainly caused by corresponding offsets in the 23.8 GHz channel of ?0.49 ± 0.12 K and ?1.18 ± 0.13 K, although there is a small 34.0 GHz offset at cycle 69 of 0.75 ± 0.22 K. Drifts in the 18.0 and 34.0 GHz channels produce a small path delay drift of 0.3 ± 0.5 mm/yr.  相似文献