Seabed shear stresses under irregular waves plus current from Monte Carlo simulations of parameterized models     

Lars Erik Holmedal  Dag Myrhaug  Hvard Rue 《Coastal Engineering》2000,39(2-4)

Shear stresses on a rough seabed under irregular waves plus current are calculated. Parameterized models valid for regular waves plus current have been used in Monte Carlo simulations, assuming the wave amplitudes to be Rayleigh-distributed. Numerical estimates of the probability distribution functions are presented. For waves only, the shear stress maxima follow a Weibull distribution, while for waves plus current, both the maximum and time-averaged shear stresses are well represented by a three-parameter Weibull distribution. The behaviour of the maximum shear stresses under a wide range of wave-current conditions has been investigated, and it appears that under certain conditions, the current has a significant influence on the maximum shear stresses. Results of comparison between predictions and measurements of the maximum bottom shear stresses from laboratory and field experiments are presented.  相似文献   

The minimal spanning tree method for calculating seismic multi-fractal     

朱令人  龙海英 《地震学报(英文版)》2000,13(4):440-447

IntroductionEarthquake occurrence is resulted from the movement of the Earth's crust and the fr~re ofrock. It is a phenomenon of instability and self-organized criticality. It is possible that the phenomenon only occurs in non-linear syStem. As a pat of non-linear science, the fractal thatfounded by Mandelbrot in 1977 pioneered a new way tO solve inhomogeneous and complex phenomenon and offered a new tool. Some natural or social phenomena seem difficult to deal withbecause they are disordere…  相似文献   

Probability distribution of random wave forces in weakly nonlinear random waves     

Jin-Bao Song  Yong-Hong Wu  B. Wiwatanapataphee 《Ocean Engineering》2000,27(12):555

Based on the second-order random wave theory, the joint statistical distribution of the horizontal velocity and acceleration is derived using the characteristic function expansion method. From the joint distribution and the Morison equation, the theoretical distributions of drag forces, inertia forces and total random wave forces are determined. The distribution of inertia forces is Gaussian as that derived using the linear wave model, whereas the distributions of drag forces and total random forces deviate slightly from those derived utilizing the linear wave model. It is found that the distribution of wave forces depends solely on the frequency spectrum of sea waves associated with the first order approximation and the second order wave–wave interaction.  相似文献   

Long-Term Temperature Trends and Tree Growth in the Taymir Region of Northern Siberia   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Gordon C. Jacoby  Nikolai V. Lovelius  Oleg I. Shumilov  Oleg M. Raspopov  Juri M. Karbainov  David C. Frank 《Quaternary Research》2000,53(3):312

The northernmost conifers in the world are located well above the Arctic Circle in the Taymir region of northern Siberia and have been recording the thermal environment for centuries to millennia. The trees respond to temperatures beyond the narrow season of actual cambial cell division by means of root growth, photosynthesis, lignification of cell walls, and other biochemical processes. Data from annual tree-ring widths are used to reconstruct May–September mean temperatures for the past four centuries. These warm-season temperatures correlate with annual temperatures and indicate unusual warming in the 20th century. However, there is a loss of thermal response in ring widths since about 1970. Previously the warmer temperatures induced wider rings. Most major warming and cooling trends are in agreement with other high-latitude temperature reconstructions based on tree-ring analyses with some regional differences in timing of cooling in the late 18th century and of warming in the late 19th century.  相似文献   

长江上游退耕还林区的土壤退化与肥力重建   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

何毓蓉  张丹  宫阿都 《山地学报》2000,18(6):526-529

长江上游退耕还林战略举措的关键技术之一是要模清主该区土壤性状和退化问题,进而肝取行之有效的土壤退化防治措施,尽快恢复生态、保护长江全安。以占该区面积最大的紫色土退化为例,提出了该区土壤退化特征、类型和发生现状。指出该区环境的脆弱性和人为干扰是土壤退化根本成果,建议：（１）建立保护区全面封禁管护（２）构建网格生物篱保持水土增厚土层（３）加强土壤碳氮物质循环强化培肥（４）分带治土造林建立垄沟种植培肥体  相似文献   

基于遗传算法优化决策树的多光谱影像分类研究     

林丽群  舒宁  肖俊  肖洲 《测绘科学》2009,34(4)

决策树C4.5算法采用局部贪婪搜索的策略,会增加局部最优解的风险;在样本有限的情况下,所产生的分类规则会过于依靠样本,往往造成决策树不能有效地挖掘出有价值的分类规则和形式。本文将决策树算法用到基于像斑的多光谱分类研究中,尝试引入遗传算法,对决策树分类规则进行优化。试验结果表明,在样本有限的情况下,该方法比单个决策树具有更高的分类精度。  相似文献   

基于像斑的多光谱影像跨尺度分类研究     

林丽群  舒宁  龚龑  肖俊 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2009,34(1)

提出了一种新的多尺度像斑模型,充分利用多尺度像斑模型所提供的尺度纵向信息,并结合决策树的分类方法来实现跨尺度分类,而不直接进行最佳尺度选择。实验结果证明,跨尺度方法较单一尺度分类能更准确地区分地物,从而提高分类精度。  相似文献   

A comparative analysis of a fixed thresholding vs. a classification tree approach for operational burn scar detection and mapping     

C.C. Kontoes  H. Poilvé  G. Florsch  I. Keramitsoglou  S. Paralikidis 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2009

The scope of this paper is to demonstrate, evaluate and compare two burn scar mapping (BSM) approaches developed and applied operationally in the framework of the RISK-EOS service element project within the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) program funded by ESA (http://www.risk-eos.com). The first method is the BSM_NOA, a fixed thresholding method using a set of specifically designed and combined image enhancements, whilst the second one is the BSM_ITF, a decision tree classification approach based on a wide range of biophysical parameters. The two methods were deployed and compared in the framework of operational mapping conditions set by RISK-EOS standards, based either on sets of uni- or multi-temporal satellite images acquired by Landsat 5 TM and SPOT 4 HRV. The evaluation of the performance of the two methods showed that either in uni- or multi-temporal acquisition mode, the two methods reach high detection capability rates ranging from 80% to 91%. At the same time, the minimum burnt area detected was of 0.9–1.0 ha, despite the coarser spatial resolution of Landsat 5 TM sensor. Among the advantages of the satellite-based approaches compared to conventional burn scar mapping, are cost-efficiency, repeatability, flexibility, and high spatial and thematic accuracy from local to country level. Following the catastrophic fire season of 2007, burn scar maps were generated using BSM_NOA for the entirety of Greece and BSM_ITF for south France in the framework of the RISK-EOS/GMES Services Element project.  相似文献   

自适应地图符号模型与原型系统的实现   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张金禄  王英杰  余卓渊  李洪省 《地球信息科学学报》2009,11(4):468-474

随着计算机技术的进步,地图学中出现了电子地图等新型地图,在内容表达上发生了新的变化,但其地图符号的模型并没有取得相应的研究成果,以适应地图的新形式和新内容。本文对地图符号在地图新形式和新内容表达中存在的问题进行了分析,在自适应空间信息可视化系统理论成果的基础上,总结了自适应地图符号模型设计的原则,提出了树结构的自适应地图符号模型,设计了以树结构符号模型为核心的自适应地图符号系统模块,以及该模块和自适应空间信息可视化系统的其他模块间的接口;引入"晚绑定"的思想,实现了自适应地图符号编辑器原型系统,对树状地图符号模型的符号定义和符号集合图形数据部分进行了研究。  相似文献   

An analytical approach for the calculation of random wave forces on submerged tunnels     

Alessandra Romolo  Giovanni Malara  Giuseppe Barbaro  Felice Arena   《Applied Ocean Research》2009,31(1):31-36

This paper deals with the random forces produced by high ocean waves on submerged horizontal circular cylinders. Arena [Arena F, Interaction between long-crested random waves and a submerged horizontal cylinder. Phys Fluids 2006;18(7):1–9 (paper 076602)] obtained the analytical solution of the random wave field for two dimensional waves by extending the classical Ogilvie solution [Ogilvie TF, First- and second-order forces on a cylinder submerged under a free surface. J Fluid Mech 1963;16:451–472; Arena F, Note on a paper by Ogilvie: The interaction between waves and a submerged horizontal cylinder. J Fluid Mech 1999;394:355–356] to the case of random waves. In this paper, the wave force acting on the cylinder is investigated and the Froude Krylov force [Sarpkaya T, Isaacson M, Mechanics of wave forces on offshore structures, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.; 1981], on the ideal water cylinder, is calculated from the random incident wave field. Both forces represent a Gaussian random process of time. The diffraction coefficient of the wave force is obtained as quotient between the standard deviations of the force on the solid cylinder and of the Froude Krylov force. It is found that the diffraction coefficient of the horizontal force C_do is equal to the C_dv of the vertical force. Finally, it is shown that, since a very large wave force occurs on the cylinder, it may be calculated, in time domain, starting from the Froude Krylov force. It is then shown that this result is due to the fact that the frequency spectrum of the force acting on the cylinder is nearly identical to that of the Froude–Krylov force.  相似文献