Automated extraction of 3D vector topographic feature line from terrain point cloud     

Wei Zhou  Jian Dong  Tao Wang 《国际地球制图》2018,33(10):1036-1047

This paper presents an automated topographic feature lines detection method that directly extracts 3D vector topographic feature lines from terrain point cloud. First, signed surface variation (SSV) is introduced to extract the potential feature points. Secondly, the potential feature points are segmented to different clusters by combining region growing segmentation and conditional Euclidean clustering. In order to extract feature points, the potential feature points in each cluster are iteratively thinned using a HC-Laplacian smoothing method with SSV weighted taken into account. Besides, SSV-based and elevation-based simple rules are added for accelerating this thinning process. Finally, the feature lines are obtained by constructing the minimum spanning tree of the extracted feature points. By comparing with manually digitized reference lines, the correctness and the completeness of extracted results are about 80% or even higher, which are much higher than those extracted by D8 algorithm.  相似文献   

Quantifying shoreline change in Funafuti Atoll,Tuvalu using a time series of Quickbird,Worldview and Landsat data     

Michino Hisabayashi  Arthur Elmes 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2018,55(3):307-330

Funafuti Atoll, Tuvalu is located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, which has experienced some of the highest rates of global sea-level rise over the past 60 years. Atoll islands are low-lying accumulations of reef-derived sediment that provide the only habitable land in Tuvalu, and are considered vulnerable to the myriad possible impacts of climate change, especially sea-level rise. This study examines the shoreline change of twenty-eight islands in Funafuti Atoll between 2005 and 2015 using 0.65 m QuickBird, 0.46 m WorldView-2, and 0.31 m WorldView-3 imagery using an image segmentation and decision tree classification. Shoreline change estimates are compared to previous study that used a visual interpretation approach. The feasibility of estimating island area with Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) data is explored using CLASlite software. Results indicate a 0.13% (0.35 ha) decrease in net island area over the study time period, with 13 islands decreasing in area and 15 islands increasing in area. Substantial decreases in island area occurred on the islands of Fuagea, Tefala and Vasafua, which coincides with the timing of Cyclone Pam in March, 2015. Comparison between the WorldView-2 shoreline maps and those created from Landstat-8 indicate that the estimates tend to be in higher agreement for islands that have an area > 0.5 ha, a compact shape, and no built structures. Ten islands had > 90% agreement, with percent disagreements ranging from 2.78 to 100%. The methods and results of this study speak to the potential of automated EoV shoreline monitoring through segmentation and classification tree approach, which would reduce down data processing and analysis time. With the growing constellation of high and medium spatial resolution satellite-based sensors and the development of semi or fully automated image processing technology, it is now possible to remotely assess the short and medium-term shoreline dynamics on dynamic atolls. Landsat estimates were reasonably matched to those derived from fine resolution imagery, with some caveats about island size and shape.  相似文献   

Quantifying individual tree growth and tree competition using bi-temporal airborne laser scanning data: a case study in the Sierra Nevada Mountains,California   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Qin Ma  Yanjun Su  Shengli Tao 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2018,11(5):485-503

Improved monitoring and understanding of tree growth and its responses to controlling factors are important for tree growth modeling. Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) can be used to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of large-scale forest surveys in delineating three-dimensional forest structures and under-canopy terrains. This study proposed an ALS-based framework to quantify tree growth and competition. Bi-temporal ALS data were used to quantify tree growth in height (ΔH), crown area (ΔA), crown volume (ΔV), and tree competition for 114,000 individual trees in two conifer-dominant Sierra Nevada forests. We analyzed the correlations between tree growth attributes and controlling factors (i.e. tree sizes, competition, forest structure, and topographic parameters) at multiple levels. At the individual tree level, ΔH had no consistent correlations with controlling factors, ΔA and ΔV were positively related to original tree sizes (R?>?0.3) and negatively related to competition indices (R?R|?>?0.7), ΔV was positively related to original tree sizes (|R|?>?0.8). Multivariate regression models were simulated at individual tree level for ΔH, ΔA, and ΔV with the R² ranged from 0.1 to 0.43. The ALS-based tree height estimation and growth analysis results were consistent with field measurements.  相似文献   

基于GEOROC数据库的全球辉长岩大数据的大地构造环境智能判别研究   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

焦守涛  周永章  张旗  金维浚  刘艳鹏  王俊 《岩石学报》2018,34(11):3189-3194

辉长岩是化学成分与玄武岩类似的侵入岩,前人认为它的形成过程太复杂,对应的岩浆可能经过了分离结晶作用、混染作用等,不能用Pearce判别图来判断岩浆岩形成的构造环境。本文利用GEOROC数据库的资料对辉长岩进行大数据挖掘。首先根据前人成果,将GEOROC数据库的辉长岩形成的大地构造环境分为大陆玄武岩环境、汇聚边界环境、板内火山岩环境和大洋岛弧玄武岩环境等4类;然后在数据清洗基础上,利用Python语言,依托sklearn库,实现支持向量机、K近邻和随机森林等3种机器学习算法,获得3种对应的分类器结果输出。对辉长岩的构造环境进行智能判别结果显示,随机森林方法效果最好,判断准确率可达97%,利用辉长岩的地球化学大数据来判断岩浆岩的构造环境是完全可行的。  相似文献   

决策树分类模型的住宅建筑物图斑识别     

牛宵 《测绘科学》2021,46(3):163-168

针对大范围内住宅建筑图斑自动识别较为困难的问题,该文提出基于决策树模型的分类方法,利用基础测绘中高精度的建筑数据、地理省情监测数据、POI数据、DSM、DEM、腾讯大数据等,以建筑物本身特征和建筑物不同邻域内建筑类型相关因素的空间特征作为决策变量,分别采用QUEST、CHAID、C&RT和C5.0算法构建用于住宅分类识别的决策树模型并进行优选。以济南市(不含原莱芜市)为研究区域进行了实验,结果显示4个模型均未出现过拟合现象,可以用于住宅建筑图斑识别。  相似文献   

深度学习的街景行道树自动识别提取研究     

董彦锋  胡伍生  余龙飞  龙凤阳  张良 《测绘科学》2021,46(2):139-145

针对城市行道树调查中,街景影像背景环境复杂多变、行道树个体差异大,依靠目视判读费时费力的问题,该文基于车载移动测量系统采集的全景影像数据,利用深度学习算法,在快速区域卷积神经网络的目标检测方法基础上,建立适用于街景行道树检测的深度神经网络模型。模型采用基于共有显著性区域及冗余策略的行道树多示例目标候选区域选择方法,使用车载图像的几何约束进一步筛选合适的候选区域,从而实现行道树目标候选区域的统一选择,提升行道树目标的检测效果。实验结果表明,该文提出的方法能够实现多种行道树的准确自动识别与提取,进而大大降低行道树绿化调查的成本。  相似文献   

基于无向图的二维地质建模设计与应用研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何畏  吴文鹂  陈实  冯斌 《物探化探计算技术》2015,(1):123-129

为了正确、高效地建立二维地质模型,提出一种基于无向图与树结构的建模流程与环搜索方法。该方法的具体实现流程主要包括三个步骤:1在二维平面人机交互式勾画出曲线,将多个曲线中的线段求交,根据交点分裂为多个子曲线,并建立无向图中点、边、点与曲线、曲线与点的映射;2将曲线构成的无向图转化为曲线图,利用曲线与点、点与曲线的索引和树结构特点搜索曲线图中的环;3计算全部目标环的面积,按面积从小到大对环进行排序,构建任意复杂多边形区域。经算法分析和实验结果表明,设计的二维地质建模流程流畅、正确,提出的曲线树搜索环算法比传统算法时间复杂度小,且能弥补传统算法遗漏环搜索的不足。  相似文献   

An analysis of cropland mask choice and ancillary data for annual corn yield forecasting using MODIS data     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2015

The Midwestern United States is one of the world’s most important corn-producing regions. Monitoring and forecasting of corn yields in this intensive agricultural region are important activities to support food security, commodity markets, bioenergy industries, and formation of national policies. This study aims to develop forecasting models that have the capability to provide mid-season prediction of county-level corn yields for the entire Midwestern United States. We used multi-temporal MODIS NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) 16-day composite data as the primary input, with digital elevation model (DEM) and parameter-elevation relationships on independent slopes model (PRISM) climate data as additional inputs. The DEM and PRISM data, along with three types of cropland masks were tested and compared to evaluate their impacts on model predictive accuracy. Our results suggested that the use of general cropland masks (e.g., summer crop or cultivated crops) generated similar results compared with use of an annual corn-specific mask. Leave-one-year-out cross-validation resulted in an average R² of 0.75 and RMSE value of 1.10 t/ha. Using a DEM as an additional model input slightly improved performance, while inclusion of PRISM climate data appeared not to be important for our regional corn-yield model. Furthermore, our model has potential for real-time/early prediction. Our corn yield esitmates are available as early as late July, which is an improvement upon previous corn-yield prediction models. In addition to annual corn yield forecasting, we examined model uncertainties through spatial and temporal analysis of the model's predictive error distribution. The magnitude of predictive error (by county) appears to be associated with the spatial patterns of corn fields in the study area.  相似文献   

Detecting understory plant invasion in urban forests using LiDAR     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2015

Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data are increasingly used to measure structural characteristics of urban forests but are rarely used to detect the growing problem of exotic understory plant invaders. We explored the merits of using LiDAR-derived metrics alone and through integration with spectral data to detect the spatial distribution of the exotic understory plant Ligustrum sinense, a rapidly spreading invader in the urbanizing region of Charlotte, North Carolina, USA. We analyzed regional-scale L. sinense occurrence data collected over the course of three years with LiDAR-derived metrics of forest structure that were categorized into the following groups: overstory, understory, topography, and overall vegetation characteristics, and IKONOS spectral features – optical. Using random forest (RF) and logistic regression (LR) classifiers, we assessed the relative contributions of LiDAR and IKONOS derived variables to the detection of L. sinense. We compared the top performing models developed for a smaller, nested experimental extent using RF and LR classifiers, and used the best overall model to produce a predictive map of the spatial distribution of L. sinense across our country-wide study extent. RF classification of LiDAR-derived topography metrics produced the highest mapping accuracy estimates, outperforming IKONOS data by 17.5% and the integration of LiDAR and IKONOS data by 5.3%. The top performing model from the RF classifier produced the highest kappa of 64.8%, improving on the parsimonious LR model kappa by 31.1% with a moderate gain of 6.2% over the county extent model. Our results demonstrate the superiority of LiDAR-derived metrics over spectral data and fusion of LiDAR and spectral data for accurately mapping the spatial distribution of the forest understory invader L. sinense.  相似文献   

Forest inventories by LiDAR data: A comparison of single tree segmentation and metric-based methods for inventories of a heterogeneous temperate forest     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2015

Inventories of temperate forests of Central Europe mainly rely on terrestrial measurements. Rapid alterations of forests by disturbances and multilayer silvicultural systems increasingly challenge the use of conventional plot based inventories, particularly in protected areas. Airborne LiDAR offers an alternative or supplement to conventional inventories, but despite the possibility of obtaining such remote sensing data, its operational use for broader areas in Central Europe remains experimental. We evaluated two methods of forest inventory that use LiDAR data at the landscape level: the single tree segment-based method and an area-based method. We compared a set of structural forest attributes modeled by these methods with a conventional forest inventory of the highly heterogeneous forest of the Bavarian Forest National Park (Germany), which partially includes stands affected by severe natural disturbances. Area-based models were accurate for all structural attributes, with cross-validated average root mean squared error ranging from ∼3.4 to ∼13.4 in the best modeling case. The coefficients of variation for the mapped area-based estimations were mostly minor. The area-based estimations were varied but highly correlated (Pearson’s correlations between ∼ 0.56 and 0.85) with single tree segmentation estimations; undetected trees in the single tree segmentat-based method were the main sources of inconsistency. The single tree segment-based method was highly correlated (∼ 0.54 to 0.90) with data from ground-based forest inventories. The single tree-based algorithm delivered highly reliable estimates for a set of forest structural attributes that are of interest in forest inventories at the landscape scale. We recommend LiDAR forest inventories at the landscape scale in both heterogeneous commercial forests and large protected areas in the central European temperate sites.  相似文献