Topodata: Brazilian full coverage refinement of SRTM data   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Márcio de Morisson Valeriano  Dilce de Fátima Rossetti 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2012,32(2):300-309

This work presents the selection of a set of geostatistical coefficients suitable for a unified SRTM data refinement from 3″ to 1″ through kriging over the entire Brazilian territory. This selection aimed at data potential for geomorphometric derivations, given by the preservation of detailed geometric characteristics of the resulting digital elevation models (DEM), which are sensitive to refining procedures. The development contained a long-term experimentation stage, when data refinement through kriging was locally developed to support distinct regional projects, followed by a unified selection stage, where the acquired experience was applied to select a single and unified interpolation scheme. In this stage, the selected geostatistical models with promising performances were tested for unified refinement on 40 Brazilian areas with distinct geological settings. Tested areas encompass reliefs varying from mountainous to plain. The effects of data preparation were observed on the perception of patterns (texture and roughness), as well as of singularities (edges, peaks, thalwegs etc.). Results were evaluated mainly through the examination of shaded reliefs, transects and perspectives observed in different scales. Terrains with low slopes and small amplitudes had their DEM promptly affected by the refining methods, as opposed to mountainous terrains. The evaluation, unambiguously confirmed by all consulted interpreters, converged into a refining model with outstanding performance in all tested conditions.  相似文献   

综合EGM2008模型和SRTM/DTM2006.0剩余地形模型的GPS高程转换方法     

张兴福  刘成 《测绘学报》2012,41(1):25-0

利用SRTM以及DTM2006.0全球地形模型构建剩余地形模型（RTM）数据,并将其转换为RTM高程异常。通过GPS/水准点的优化选择法,选择少量GPS/水准点的实测高程异常,扣除EGM2008模型以及SRTM与DTM2006.0模型求得的剩余模型高程异常,对残余高程异常进行拟合,从而进一步提高GPS高程转换的精度。最...  相似文献   

插值条件下格网DEM坡度计算模型的噪声误差分析     

卢华兴  刘学军  王永君  田梓文 《测绘学报》2012,41(6):926-932

针对目前DEM（Digital Elevation Model, DEM）数字地形分析的精度评价多数不考虑DEM误差的空间自相关性或仅仅采用经验的自相关性模型问题,本文从DEM插值入手,从理论上推导了插值条件下格网DEM邻域窗口内坡度噪声误差的空间自相关性模型以及坡度精度模型,并选取典型的插值方法和坡度差分算法,从实验角度分析了在顾及和不顾及空间自相关性两种情况下的格网DEM坡度计算模型的噪声精度,实验结果表明：坡度精度受DEM噪声误差的空间自相关性影响较大,并与DEM插值方法和坡度计算模型中的差分算法有关。  相似文献   

基于流域DEM遍历的3维淹没分析算法     

罗中权 《东北测绘》2012,(2):163-165

在基于DEM遍历进行淹没分析基础上,提出了基于流域范围约束的DEM遍历算法,减少DEM遍历阶数,以提高计算速度。同时,将算法付诸于代码实现,在算例中与全局遍历进行对比测试。其对比结果表明,基于流域DEM遍历的淹没分析算法速度更快,计算结果可信。在大数据量条件下,速度优势更为明显,而在流域特征显著的地形条件下,计算结果精度高,与全局遍历结果基本一致。本文所研究的基于流域DEM遍历算法使得淹没分析更高效,对水文水力的研究与生产提供了捷径。  相似文献   

基于DEM的气温插值方法研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

蔡迪花  郭铌  李崇伟 《干旱气象》2009,27(1)

以甘肃河东为研究区,利用河东及周边的82个气象站点1971~2004年的月平均气温数据,结合数字高程模型(DEM),在分析平均气温与经度、纬度、海拔高度、坡度、坡向地形要素相关关系基础上,提出了一种基于DEM的多元线性回归空间插值方法(MLR),并与传统的反距离平方法(IDS)、样条函数法(SPLINE)和普通克里金法(OK)进行了精度比较.精度验证结果显示:无论从误差大小还是从插值效果上,考虑了地形要素的MLR方法均优于传统的插值方法.最后,基于MLR插值方法生成84 m×84 m甘肃河东地区月平均气温栅格数据集.平均气温结果表明:河东各月平均气温大致呈现由东南向西北逐渐降低的空间格局,且平均气温的季节内波动差异较大.其中,夏季气温的波动幅度最小,波动幅度自西向东减弱;冬季次之,有自北向南减弱的趋势;春季和秋季较大,有自西南向东北降低的趋势.  相似文献   

测绘技术在大型管线设计中的应用     

杨爱玲  陆宇红  马林波 《测绘与空间地理信息》2005,28(1):61-63

主要从实际应用的角度出发,介绍了测绘技术在管线工程项目中的应用,以及制作DEM和DOM的方法。  相似文献   

Potential particles: a method for modelling non-circular particles in DEM     

G.T. Houlsby 《Computers and Geotechnics》2009

Options for defining non-circular (or non-spherical) particles in DEM codes are briefly reviewed before introducing a new concept: potential particles. This method can be used to define convex particles with a wide variety of shapes, from almost polygonal to circular. It is readily applicable in both two and three dimensions. Although contact detection and overlap calculations are not as fast as for circular particles, they can nevertheless be made sufficiently simple and fast for implementation in DEM codes.  相似文献   

青藏高原东南缘构造地貌、活动构造和下地壳流动假说   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

刘静  曾令森  丁林  Tapponnier P  Gaudemer Y  文力  谢克家 《地质科学》2009,44(4):1227-1255

利用高精度的SRTM 数字高程模型（DEM）,定量勾画出青藏高原东南缘大尺度地形地貌的特征。分析表明,高原东南缘地貌特征为“负地形”,即海拔高程与地形坡度,与地形起伏度之间均为负相关关系,与高原中部的“正地形”--海拔高程或地形坡度与地形起伏度之间呈正相关关系,形成鲜明对比。但是,在高原东南缘,在河谷之间保留有高海拔、低起伏的残留面。这些残留面与高原内部的平坦面具相似的渐变地貌特征,从腹地的正地形逐渐变为川西的高海拔平坦面与深切河谷相间的负地形。虽然随着河流下切深度往南逐渐增加,残留面虽越来越少,但仍然可以识别,最终终止在雅砻江逆冲断裂带附近,该断裂带以南地区没有明显负地形特征。北东向展布的雅砻江逆冲断裂带对应着50～200 km宽的地形相对陡变带。综合区域新构造和构造地貌研究的最新成果表明： 1）雅砻江逆冲断裂带可能代表着现今正经受侵蚀改造和弱化的高原老边界,该边界以北和以南地区抬升历史不同; 2）三江地区的峰值抬升期已过,目前以侵蚀为主。虽然不能排除与河流侵蚀对应的均衡反弹抬升作用,但具有真正意义的地壳增厚型的构造抬升较弱。国际上流行的高原东缘下地壳流动模式的依据之一是从高原内外流分界线到南中国海,存在一个区域上延伸数千公里的抬升前低海拔“类夷平面”的残留面。地貌特征,构造和地质综合分析都表明高原东缘不存在这样的类夷平面,不支持解释高原东缘地形演化和相应构造变形的下地壳流动模式。  相似文献   

基于DEM的洪涝灾害信息提取与损失估算   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

喻光明  王朝南  钟儒刚  邹尚辉  张金霞  赵俊华 《国土资源遥感》1996,7(1):42-50

数字高程模型(DEM)作为洪涝灾害遥感研究的辅助信息源可以提供两类信息,一是地面点的高程和所处地形部位以及与邻域的相互关系等方面的背景数据,二是研究区高程-面积关系、高程-容积关系及面积-容积关系等基本关系信息。利用这些背景数据和基本关系信息,结合洪水期遥感图像的解译,可以获取洪水淹没范围、淹没区积水量、水深、淹没历时以及作物受灾程度等灾情信息。本文阐述了这种研究的原理和方法。  相似文献   

Climate-change driven increased flood magnitudes and frequency in the British uplands: Geomorphologically informed scientific underpinning for upland flood-risk management     

David J. Milan  Arved C. Schwendel 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(15):3026-3044

Upland river systems in the UK are predicted to be prone to the effects of increased flood magnitudes and frequency, driven by climate change. It is clear from recent events that some headwater catchments can be very sensitive to large floods, activating the full sediment system, with implications for flood risk management further down the catchment. We provide a 15-year record of detailed morphological change on a 500-m reach of upland gravel-bed river, focusing upon the geomorphic response to an extreme event in 2007, and the recovery in the decade following. Through novel application of two-dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic modelling we evaluate the different energy states of pre- and post-flood morphologies of the river reach, exploring how energy state adjusts with recovery following the event. Following the 2007 flood, morphological adjustments resulted in changes to the shear stress population over the reach, resulting in higher shear stresses. Although the proportion of shear stresses in excess of those experienced using the pre-flood digital elevation model (DEM) varied over the recovery period, they remained substantially in excess of those experienced pre-2007, suggesting that there is still potential for enhanced bedload transport and morphological adjustment within the reach. Although volumetric change calculated from DEM differencing does indicate a reduction in erosion and deposition volumes in the decade following the flood, we argue that the system still has not fully recovered to the pre-flood state. We further argue that Thinhope Burn, and other similarly impacted catchments in upland environments, may not recover under the wet climatic phase currently being experienced. Hence systems like Thinhope Burn will continue to deliver large volumes of sediment further down river catchments, providing new challenges for flood risk management into the future.  相似文献