Vegetation change,erosion risk and land management on the Nullarbor Plain,Australia   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

D. Gillieson  P. Wallbrink  A. Cochrane 《Environmental Geology》1996,28(3):145-153

 Arid karst landscapes that have been degraded by human activities provide a challenge for rehabilitation and an opportunity to test ideas about the stability and resilience of limestone ecosystems. The Nullarbor Plain is the largest arid karst area in Australia (220 000 km²) and is divided into extensive closed karstic depressions separated by low rocky ridges, while the dominant vegetation is chenopod shrubland. Since European settlement there has been considerable change in the vegetation, with significant reduction in shrub and grass cover over large areas of the plain. These changes are related to a state and transition model of vegetation dynamics which incorporates climatic variability, fire history and grazing pressure from sheep, kangaroos and rabbits. A partial sediment budget using ¹³⁷Cs inventories reveals local and regional patterns of soil redistribution within this arid karst landscape. Rehabilitation of eroded soil in pastoral lands has been accomplished at several sites but is labour intensive and vulnerable to climatic fluctuations. Given the low stock numbers, limited number of people involved, and poor economic returns, it would be sensible to make pastoral activities on the Nullarbor secondary to conservation priorities. This would necessitate a change in land ethic to stewardship, with emphasis on rehabilitation and control of feral animals. Management of increased numbers of visitors to the caves and karst also requires that resource inventories and management plans for each area be drawn up and used. Received: 1 June 1995 · Accepted: 4 December 1995  相似文献   

液压传感间接测量水位计的研制及其应用     

胡兴艺  丁跃进  王建家  汤文科  唐朋辉 《水文》2004,24(4):47-49

压力式水位计在水文自动测报系统中很难推广的主要原因是泥沙对传感器的影响,泥沙不但会使传感器测量精度达不到测验要求,而且由于泥沙淤积还会给水位计的日常维护带来很大不便。目前进口传感器测量精度高、稳定性能好,但仍避免不了泥沙的影响。针对这一问题,提出了一种新型压力式水位计———液压传感间接测量水位计,该水位计解决了泥沙对压力式水位计的影响,是一种具有很大发展前景的水位测量仪器。  相似文献   

关注我国“工业测量”事业的发展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

冯文灏 《地理空间信息》2004,2(6):5-8

尝试给出工业测量的定义、范畴、目标的分类和多样性,简要叙述工业测量手段的多样性,列举待研制和待改进的工业测量集成系统的名称以及所依托的几何传感器的类别。  相似文献   

How a wet tropical rainforest copes with repeated volcanic destruction     

Leigh C.F. Jago  William E. Boyd 《Quaternary Research》2005,64(3):399-406

The Holocene Period for the province of West New Britain, Papua New Guinea, is characterised by periodic catastrophic volcanism. The region is mantled in dense wet tropical rainforest, and has been occupied by people since the Pleistocene. Analyses of peat from two nearby sites within a lowland rainforest environment provide us with a macro-level landscape account of the periodic destruction and recovery of the coastal forests during seven periods of volcanic activity in the latter part (2900 yr ago to present) of the Holocene. Radiocarbon dating shows the very close correlation of the peat and tephra layers at both sites, yet the pollen analysis reveals different vegetation communities. These initial results allow us to begin identifying the processes of recovery, and to recognise different ecological pressures placed on vegetation at these neighbouring sites. Evidence of hydrological changes are observed beginning with a marine incursion recorded at Garu Site 3 1360 ¹⁴C yr B.P. The distinct differences in the vegetation re-establishment and community regeneration rates suggest the greater level of disturbance at Garu Site 1 could be related to the depth of the ashfall, although the proximity of a known human settlement may also be a contributing factor. Of note, palynologically, we found that the fern spore flora is particularly rich and believe it will be useful for ecological interpretation.  相似文献   

23,000 yr of vegetation history of the Upper Lerma, a tropical high-altitude basin in Central Mexico     

Socorro Lozano-García  Susana Sosa-Nájera  Margarita Caballero 《Quaternary Research》2005,64(1):70-82

Pollen analysis on a 9.54-m sediment core from lake Chignahuapan in the upper Lerma basin, the highest intermontane basin in Central Mexico (2570 m asl), documents vegetation and limnological changes over the past ∼23,000 ¹⁴C yr. The core was drilled near the archaeological site of Santa Cruz Atizapán, a site with a long history of human occupation, abandoned at the end of the Epiclassic period (ca. 900 AD). Six radiocarbon AMS dates and two well-dated volcanic events, the Upper Toluca Pumice with an age of 11,600 ¹⁴C yr B.P. and the Tres Cruces Tephra of 8500 ¹⁴C yr B.P., provide the chronological framework for the lacustrine sequence. From ca. 23,000 ¹⁴C yr B.P. to ca. 11,600 ¹⁴C yr B.P. the plant communities were woodlands and grasslands based on the pollen data. The glacial advances MII-1 and MII-2 correlate with abundant non-arboreal pollen, mainly grasses, from ca. 21,000 to 16,000 ¹⁴C yr B.P., and at ca. 12,600 ¹⁴C yr B.P. During the late Pleistocene, lake Chignahuapan was a shallow freshwater lake with a phase of lower level between 19,000 and 16,000 ¹⁴C yr B.P. After 10,000 ¹⁴C yr B.P., tree cover in the area increased, and a more variable lake level is documented. Late Holocene (ca. 3100 ¹⁴C yr B.P.) deforestation was concurrent with human population expansion at the beginning of the Formative period (1500 B.C.). Agriculture and manipulation of the lacustrine environment by human lakeshore populations appear at 1200 ¹⁴C yr B.P. (550 A.D.) with the appearance of Zea mays pollen and abundant charcoal particles.  相似文献   

Last interglacial vegetation and climate history from the Portuguese coast          下载免费PDF全文

T. A. MINCKLEY  J. A. HAWS  M. M. BENEDETTI  S. C. BREWER  S. L. FORMAN 《第四纪科学杂志》2015,30(1):59-69

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浅析运营期间电力隧道自动化监测技术     

罗静  卢凌燕  任卫波  许业霞 《测绘与空间地理信息》2016,(8):204-206

针对城市电力隧道结构、走向多变、电缆设施多、电磁干扰大等因素,常规的监测方法难以顺利完成的现状,对目前先进的3种隧道结构自动化监测系统进行深入的研究比较,光纤传感自动技术解决了电力隧道结构监测点布设困难,数据受电磁干扰大的问题,能实时有效、可靠、高精度地监控电力隧道,及时掌握隧道的应力、应变及振动等主要结构参数,确保隧道结构安全。研究对类似的城市电力隧道自动化监测具有一定的参考意义。  相似文献   

AEKF在星敏感器低频误差补偿中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

雷琦  龚志辉  林雕  耿弘毅 《测绘科学技术学报》2016,(3):252-257

高分辨率对地观测卫星需要精确的姿态信息来满足后续对地定位等工作,因此姿态确定精度十分重要。星敏感器的低频误差是影响卫星姿态确定精度的重要因素之一,主要是由空间周期性的热环境变化引起的。为进一步提高卫星姿态确定精度,对星敏感器的低频误差产生机理即星敏感器主光轴做周期性扰动进行了分析,设计了星敏感器低频误差补偿方案,建立了考虑星敏感器低频误差在内的组合定姿模型,利用拓维卡尔曼滤波(AEKF)对低频误差进行补偿,并引入RTS平滑滤波进一步提高姿态确定精度。仿真实验表明,设计的星敏感器低频误差补偿方案能有效对其进行补偿,提高卫星姿态确定精度。  相似文献   

一种新的温度传感器湿度补偿方法     

邹水平  行鸿彦  于祥 《南京气象学院学报》2016,8(6):533-539

针对温度传感器测量中易受湿度影响的问题,通过对思维进化算法（Mind Evolutionary Algorithm,MEA）中的趋同操作、异化操作及收敛条件进行研究改进,对趋同操作中的散布权值进行自适应调整,在异化操作中引入差分进化算法的变异操作,并考虑收敛条件中搜索平面平缓的情况,提出了基于改进思维进化算法的BP神经网络湿度补偿方法.由湿度影响检定实验得到的样本数据,利用此补偿方法建立湿度补偿模型,将补偿结果与未经优化的BP神经网络模型的结果进行比较研究.结果表明,基于改进思维进化算法的BP神经网络模型补偿精度较高,收敛速度快,计算量小,可有效提高温度传感器的测量精度和可靠性,便于实际应用.  相似文献   

FDR土壤水分传感器原状土壤标定方法研究     

王黎明  张雪芬  周旭辉  王建波  陈晨  王爱珍 《气象科技》2016,44(3):347-353

为获得测站准确的土壤水分传感器标定参数,利用自动土壤水分站点的大型原状土壤为样本,在实验室同时进行人工称重观测和仪器自动对比观测,得到一系列的人工自动测量数据,以人工称重数据为准对自动土壤水分传感器进行订正。由于采用原状土壤,样本土壤的质地、密度、土壤颗粒和结合紧密度基本没有受到破坏,订正后的自动土壤体积含水量值能更加真实反映台站实际土壤墒情,能够修订人工对比观测期间由于样本空间不足导致的不合理的田间标定方程。  相似文献