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11.
In spite of the tremendous potential of hard X-ray astronomy (>10 keV) for studying high energy phenomena in celestial objects, the current generation of direct-viewing telescopes is heavily noise limited. It can accurately study only the strongest sources. Thus focusing of hard X-rays is mandatory in order to overcome these sensitivity limitations. Several focusing techniques of hard X-rays (>10 keV) are under study. We will discuss the Bragg diffraction technique and the imaging performance of a concentrator configuration based on this technique. Apart from its unprecedented flux sensitivity, the Bragg concentrators show intrinsic capabilities as polarimeters. 相似文献
12.
Since the earliest days of photogrammetry, there have been photogrammetrists who have directed research effort towards medical measurement. Although the specific motivation for these studies has not always been disclosed, it is probably because of the various benefits that photogrammetry can offer to humanity as a painless and non-invasive means of providing medical practitioners with spatial measurement relating to the human body. The intention of this paper is to reflect on the place of the many medical developments within the photogrammetric world. The various photogrammetric applications in medicine are summarised to identify the characteristics of medical photogrammetry, and it becomes evident that medical photogrammetrists have developed a range of body measurements using widely varying photogrammetric techniques, in response to the demands for specialised spatial measurement tools for a wide variety of medical ends. This volume of research activity has made medical measurement a substantial and varied sector of non-mapping photogrammetry. It is also clear that there are numerous challenges to the design of medical photogrammetric systems. They must give paramount consideration to the human patients and their comfort; they must yield not simply spatial data about the body but rather specific medical information. At the same time, it is of concern that non-photogrammetric scientists and engineers have developed medical measurement systems based on both photogrammetric and other optical techniques. Fortunately, photogrammetrists can also contribute to medical problems through their spatial data experiences. It is concluded that the many distinctive challenges mean that medical photogrammetry has not yet been as successful at changing the world as the extensive efforts applied to it suggest, but nevertheless, medical photogrammetry deserves to be recognised as a category of close range photogrammetry which remains a valuable pursuit which should not be abandoned because of any difficulties. 相似文献
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本文研究了以粉末样品直接压片,铑靶X光管的康普顿散射线作内标和背景的扣除,测定地质样品中微量铌、锆、钇、铷、锶、铀、铜和锌等元素的X射线光谱分析方法。本法具有制备样品简便快速、扣除背景简易准确以及能较好地克服基体效应、方法检测限较低(<2ppm)等优点。方法的精密度与准确度符合分析误差要求。因而本法是测定岩石样品中微量元素的一种简便快速且又较为准确的分析方法。 相似文献
15.
通过对大别造山带前陆北淮阳地区石炭纪高煤级煤的X射线荧光光谱分析,探讨了不同变形-变质类型煤中常量元素的分布规律及其影响因素。结果表明:构造-热作用具有使Al3+、K+、Si4+、Ti4+在煤体中富集,P5+、Fe2++Fe3+、Mn2+Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+向煤体外迁移的趋势;在弱应力带富集Al3+、K+、Ti4+、Na+、Ca2+;在强应力带富集Si4+、P5+、Fe2++Fe3+、Mg2+。岩浆热变质类型煤和构造-热变质类型煤的w(SiO2)/w(Al2O3)和w(K2O)/w(Na2O)值显著增大,与岩浆岩中SiO2及K2O质量分数偏高有重要的成因联系。 相似文献
16.
Swift卫星的X射线望远镜观测揭示部分伽玛暴的早期余辉光变曲线有一个缓慢衰减的成分,而相当一部分却没有这样的成分.研究比较这两种暴的观测性质发现两类暴的持续时间、伽玛辐射总流量、谱指数、谱硬度比峰值能量等物理量均没有显著差异.然而有该成分的那些伽玛暴谱比较软、早期X射线余辉比较弱、伽玛射线辐射效率显著高于没有这个成分的那些暴.结果表明两类暴的前身星和中心机制一致,是否呈现这个缓慢衰减成分可能取决于外部介质. 相似文献
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SMILE卫星载荷宽视场软X射线成像仪（Soft X-ray Imager,SXI）采用Angel型龙虾眼光学成像系统的设计方案,具有大视场,高分辨率质量轻的优点.本文中对宽视场软X射线成像仪进行初步设计,包括成像镜头支撑结构设计,可见光/极紫外滤光片的选取,镜头遮光罩和高能粒子屏蔽门设计.利用模拟仿真程序对成像仪的点扩散函数,有效面积以及灵敏度进行研究.该成像仪用于太阳风与地球磁层区域进行全景成像. 相似文献
18.
This paper reviews research on coprolites from India, providing the first evidence of microcoprolites from the early Miocene (Aquitanian) Khari Nadi Formation sedimentary succession, exposed about 1.5 km northeast of the village of Kotada, Kachchh (Kutch) District, Gujarat State, western India. Morphometric and size comparisons (in a statistical framework) with known coprolites from the Mesozoic-Cenozoic successions of India (including those recorded herein) and globally suggest that fishes were the likely producers of the Kotada coprolites. Scanning electron microscopy confirms the presence of fish dental remains within the coprolites, while both Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) reveal the phosphatic nature of the microscopic coprolite specimens (recorded herein) hinting that the producer(s) were predominantly carnivorous (ichthyophagous) in their diet. Furthermore, X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis of the host and associated lithologies allows us to deduce that the Kotada coprolites were deposited in a shallow marine environment, with possible aerial exposure of the host lithology occurring at some point after deposition. To the best of our knowledge, the present report is the first record of microscopic fish coprolites from India, as well as being the first from the Aquitanian of India and the oldest Neogene record from India. 相似文献
19.
We study an M2.6 flare observed with RHESSI on 22 August 2005. The light curves of the hard X-rays (counts and photon fluxes),
the derived number fluxes, as well as the energy fluxes of energetic electrons all presented a damped quasi-periodic oscillation.
The modulation depth of the hard X-rays increased with the energies. For the energy fluxes of energetic electrons, the modulation
depth can be as high as 90%. During the oscillations, however, the plasma temperature had no apparent change. No correspondence
was found between the motions of the flare loops and the quasi-periodic oscillations. We conclude that an oscillation with
a high modulation depth for a period of about four minutes cannot be easily explained with the existing mechanisms. 相似文献