Urban–agricultural water appropriation: the Hyderabad, India case     

MATTIA CELIO  CHRISTOPHER A SCOTT†  MARK GIORDANO‡ 《The Geographical journal》2010,176(1):39-57

With the urbanisation drive comes steady growth in urban water demand. Although in the past this new demand could often be met by tapping unclaimed water sources, this option is increasingly untenable in many regions where little if any unclaimed water remains. The result is that urban water capture, and the appropriation of associated physical and institutional infrastructure, now often implies conflict with other existing uses and users. While the urbanisation process has been studied in great depth, the processes and, critically, impacts of urban water capture and appropriation are not well researched or understood. This paper undertakes a critical examination of the specific case of Hyderabad, one of India's fastest growing cities, to shed light more generally on the process of water capture by cities and the resultant impacts on pre-existing claims, particularly agriculture. It does this by examining the history and institutional response to Hyderabad's urban–rural water contest; how the results of that contest are reflected in surface and groundwater hydrology; and the eventual impacts on agriculture. The findings show that the magnitude, and sometimes even direction, of impact from urban water transfer vary in space and time and depend on location-specific rainfall patterns, the nature of existing water infrastructure and institutions, and farmers' adaptive capacities and options, notably recourse to groundwater. Broader consideration of the specific findings provides insights into policy mechanisms to reduce the possible negative impacts from the global, and seemingly inexorable, flow of water to the world's growing cities.  相似文献   

基于生态功能区划的黄河三角洲土地资源优化配置     

赵军  刘高焕  傅新 《地理科学进展》2010,29(4)

土地资源的优化配置作为一种手段,其实质是依据土地类型本身的生态适宜性及其结构格局的差异性,运用人工技术调控的方法对有悖于自然生态结构的现状利用结构进行优化调整与安排,从而达到土地利用系统功能趋优的目的。论文首先从生态学的角度,根据黄河三角洲生态区划优化配置原则,对土地资源适宜方向与土地利用现状相匹配,甄别出需要调整的类型,构建黄河三角洲土地资源优化配置模型。其次基于该模型,利用GIS软件分析模块,实现土地资源优化配置。最后采用土地资源利用综合适宜度指数,对黄河三角洲土地资源优化配置效果进行评价,进一步说明了按照生态功能区划原则进行土地资源优化效果很好,具有一定的创新性。  相似文献   

MODFLOW中两种模拟混合井流问题方法的耦合   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王全荣  唐仲华  翟莉娟 《水文地质工程地质》2010,37(3):23-26

对于无(弱)水力联系的多含水层,混合井改变了含水层的结构,通过井筒将无(弱)水力联系的含水层联通。对于大区域井流问题数值模拟,MODFLOW中显式流量分配法和"High Kv in Wellblock"法的假设条件都很难得到满足,将两者耦合起来拓展其适用范围。采用质量守恒定理和Darcy定律计算井网格的平均等效渗透系数,结合显式流量分配法模拟混合井流问题。最后,通过两个典型算例来验证该方法的合理性,其中一个算例是非完整井穿透相邻的两个含水层,另一个算例是完整井穿透两个含水层,且中间有隔水层。将耦合法的计算结果与显式流量分配法对比,结果表明:只有在第一个例子中当水流达到稳定时,两种方法的计算结果几乎相同,且井网格的水头差很小;而其它情况两者的差别很明显,且采用流量分配法计算井网格的水头差大于耦合法计算井网格的水头差。根据Neville等的相关结论可知采用耦合法对于文中的两个例子都比较合理。  相似文献   

生态补偿空间选择与分配的重要性及研究动态     

谢剑斌  何承耕  钟全林 《福建地理》2013,(3):29-34

指出生态补偿标准的关键或实质是空间选择与分配问题,并根据国内生态补偿项目运行的独特环境,围绕补偿效益这一内在目标,分析生态补偿空间选择与分配的重要性;论述与比较了国际与国内的相关研究动向;结合一个生态公益林补偿配置的研究框架,指出了政府主导型生态补偿空间优化配置的解决方向．  相似文献   

Change analysis of rice area and production in China during the past three decades   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4  

Zhenhuan Liu  Zhengguo Li  Pengqin Tang  Zhipeng Li  Wenbin Wu  Peng Yang  Liangzhi You  Huajun Tang 《地理学报(英文版)》2013,23(6):1005-1018

Rice＇s spatial-temporal distributions, which are critical for agricultural, environ- mental and food security research, are affected by natural conditions as well as socio-eco- nomic developments. Based on multi-source data, an effective model named the Spatial Production Allocation Model （SPAM） which integrates arable land distribution, administrative unit statistics of crop data, agricultural irrigation data and crop suitability data, was used to get a series of spatial distributions of rice area and production with 10-km pixels at a national scale -it was applied from the early 1980s onwards and used to analyze the pattern of spatial and temporal changes. The results show that significant changes occurred in rice in China during 1980-2010. Overall, more than 50% of the rice area decreased, while nearly 70% of rice production increased in the change region during 1980-2010. Spatially, most of the increased area and production were in Northeast China, especially, in Jilin and Heilongjiang; most of the decreased area and production were located in Southeast China, especially, in regions of rapidly urbanization in Guangdong, Fujian and Zhejiang. Thus, the centroid of rice area was moved northeast approximately 230 km since 1980, and rice production about 320 km, which means rice production moved northeastward faster than rice area because of the significant rice yield increase in Northeast China. The results also show that rice area change had a decisive impact on rice production change. About 54.5% of the increase in rice pro- duction is due to the expansion of sown area, while around 83.2% of the decrease in rice production is due to contraction of rice area. This implies that rice production increase may be due to area expansion and other non-area factors, but reduced rice production could largely be attributed to rice area decrease.  相似文献   

Book Review     

Neil Stuart 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(6):601-602

In this paper, we examine the applicability of spatial optimization as a generative modelling technique for sustainable land‐use allocation. Specifically, we test whether spatial optimization can be used to generate a number of compromise spatial alternatives that are both feasible and different from each other. We present a new spatial multiobjective optimization model, which encourages efficient utilization of urban space through infill development, compatibility of adjacent land uses, and defensible redevelopment. The model uses a density‐based design constraint developed by the authors. The constraint imposes a predefined level of consistent neighbourhood development to promote contiguity and compactness of urban areas. First, the model is tested on a hypothetical example. Further, we demonstrate a real‐world application of the model to land‐use planning in Chelan, a small environmental amenity town in the north‐central region of the State of Washington, USA. The results indicate that spatial optimization is a promising method for generating land‐use alternatives for further consideration in spatial decision‐making.  相似文献   

龙岩地区商品房共有建筑面积分摊模型的探讨     

李忠勇 《地理空间信息》2013,(3):140-141,147

针对共有建筑面积的分摊问题,依据《房产测量规范》(GB/T17986-2000)和国家、地方相关规定,通过规划行政审批的房屋结构功能和共有建筑面积分摊的级别,提出了共有建筑面积计算分摊的方法及其模型,并通过一个综合楼分摊实例进行了详细阐述。  相似文献   

欧盟减排《责任分担条例》修正案分析与启示     

刘季熠  张旖尘  张东雨  付琳  曹颖 《气候变化研究进展》2022,18(6):756-763

欧盟自1997年起就如何通过市场和行政手段“双轮驱动”控制碳排放总量进行不断探索,并逐步建立了较为成熟的碳排放交易体系及减排责任分担机制,已经取得了良好的减排效果。文中梳理分析《责任分担条例》修正案中关于成员国减排目标更新的内容、目标分配的原则与方法、灵活性机制,归纳了欧盟采用行政手段控制碳排放交易系统未涉及部门的温室气体排放的经验,并对中国如何构建充分考虑市场手段和行政手段的CO₂排放总量控制制度提出政策建议。  相似文献   

藏东南色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉林线地带地上生物量随海拔的变化特征     

刘新圣  张林  孔高强  罗天祥 《山地学报》2011,29(3)

从亚高山森林到高山林线,逐渐严酷的生长环境影响了生物量的积累和分配.本研究采用相对生长法和样方收获法估算了藏东南色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉林在禾同海拔(4 190 m,4 270 m和4 326 m)的地上生物量,分析了群落中不同层次地上生物量、各器官生物量及其分配比例随海拔的变化格局.结果表明:1.急尖长苞冷杉群落地上生物量在181～284 t/hm2之间,其中,乔木层在11～-248 t/hm2,灌木层为35～62 t/hm2,草本层为0.9～1.5 t/hm2;2.群落地上生物量随海拔升高急剧降低,降低的平均幅度为73.1 t/(hm2·100 m);3.随海拔升高,群落地上生物量分配到非光合器官(树干和枝条)的比例显著降低,分配到叶的比例呈增加趋势.随海拔的增加,急尖长苞冷杉群落通过增加叶生物量所占比例(高叶寿命)以延长养分在植物体内的存留时间,提高生态系统的养分利用效率,从而适应高海拔地区的低温胁迫环境.  相似文献   

航空流网络解构与空域资源动态配置研究——以京-成空中廊道为例     

董雅晴  路紫  张一诺  冯富晶  闫宇航 《地理与地理信息科学》2022,38(1):116-123,132

空中廊道作为一种新型航空流组织与空域资源分配方式,是一种复杂的航空流网络,解析其结构特征并评估其结构性能是实现空域资源动态配置的前提。该文通过构建网格时空图方法,以京—成空中廊道为例进行航空流网络解构研究,包括基于航迹簇的网络构型、流量时空波动与航空流聚合分化三方面,据此提出空域资源动态配置方案。研究结论如下:1)以多种邻近阈值指示航迹交叉角度持续增大,检测出航空流网络存在平行流、交叉流、全覆盖流和半覆盖流4种构型,基于其占比和特征的显著差异性提出并行扩容调整方案;2)以高频数网格点状或短线状集中分布指示流量时空波动,检测出航空流网络存在两个不同内涵的时间高峰、以距离中值区为近似对称轴的空间高峰以及在区段间漂移的时空交互高峰,进而提出时间错峰调整方案;3)以网格属性指示聚合分化点的分布,检测出航空流网络阶梯递减、高值集聚和叠合特征,相应提出动态快速分化分流调整方案。  相似文献