The influence of tropical Indian Ocean warming on the Southern Hemispheric stratospheric polar vortex   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ShuangLin Li 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2009,52(3):323-332

During the past decades, concurrent with global warming, most of global oceans, particularly the tropical Indian Ocean, have become warmer. Meanwhile, the Southern Hemispheric stratospheric polar vortex (SPV) exhibits a deepening trend. Although previous modeling studies reveal that radiative cooling effect of ozone depletion plays a dominant role in causing the deepening of SPV, the simulated ozone-depletion-induced SPV deepening is stronger than the observed. This suggests that there must be other factors canceling a fraction of the influence of the ozone depletion. Whether the tropical Indian Ocean warming (IOW) is such a factor is unclear. This issue is addressed by conducting ensemble atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) experiments. And one idealized IOW with the amplitude as the observed is prescribed to force four AGCMs. The results show that the IOW tends to warm the southern polar stratosphere, and thus weakens SPV in austral spring to summer. Hence, it offsets a fraction of the effect of the ozone depletion. This implies that global warming will favor ozone recovery, since a warmer southern polar stratosphere is un-beneficial for the formation of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs), which is a key factor to ozone depletion chemical reactions. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40775053 and 90711004), National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2009CB421401), and Innovation Key Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos. KZCXZ-YW-Q11-03, KZCZ2-YW-Q03-08)  相似文献   

TOMRADE和MODTRAN 3.7模式研究紫外后向散射探测臭氧总量问题的比较          下载免费PDF全文

江芳  王咏梅  张晓庆 《地球物理学进展》2009,24(4):1189-1195

本文利用MODTRAN 3.7和TOMRADE模式分别计算了308.0 nm、312.5 nm、317.5 nm、322.3 nm、331.2 nm、360.0 nm六个紫外波段的后向散射强度并进行了比较,且利用两个模式计算得到的插值表,对EPTOMS实测资料分别进行反演,得到结论如下：1）两模式算得的后向散射强度随着太阳天顶角、卫星天顶角、地表反照率的变化特性基本一致,均能较好的反映紫外后向散射的辐射特性;2）总体而言,两模式计算的后向散射强度值相对偏差在－6％～18％之间;3）分别把MODTRAN 3.7和TOMRADE模式计算的插值表用于2003年7月30日中纬度地区EPTOMS实测资料的反演,得到的臭氧总量相对偏差在－3％～5％之间.本文对紫外波段大气辐射传输模式的研究和紫外后向散射探测臭氧总量的反演误差研究有着重要意义.  相似文献   

中国4个国家级野外站大气CH4本底浓度变化特征   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

刘立新  周凌晞  温民  张芳  方双喜  姚波 《气候变化研究进展》2009,5(5):285-290

CH4是仅次于CO2的重要温室气体。2006年9月至2008年8月期间,按全球大气本底观测要求,在青海瓦里关、北京上甸子、浙江临安和黑龙江龙凤山4个国家级野外站开展每周一次空气样品flask瓶采样分析,获得了该地区为期2 a的大气CH4本底浓度资料。结果表明,2 a间瓦里关、上甸子、临安和龙凤山4站CH4浓度年均增幅分别为9.1×10-9、3.8×10-9、21.8×10-9和8.2×10-9;瓦里关站大气CH4浓度增长趋势与全球平均状况较为接近,能较好地反映北半球中高纬度内陆地区大气本底特征;但上甸子站年均本底值相对较低且季振幅偏小,而龙凤山和临安站季节变化规律相似,表现为CH4浓度冬季高而夏季偏低且季振幅较大。  相似文献   

Changes in active eolian sand at northern Coachella Valley, California     

Itzhak Katra  Stephen Scheidt  Nicholas Lancaster 《Geomorphology》2009,105(3-4):277-290

Climate variability and rapid urbanization have influenced the sand environments in the northern Coachella Valley throughout the late 20th century. This paper addresses changes in the spatial relationships among different sand deposits at northern Coachella Valley between two recent time periods by using satellite data acquired from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER). The approach employed here, involving multispectral thermal infrared (TIR) data and spectral mixture analysis, has shown that the major sand deposits can be spatially modeled at northern Coachella Valley. The “coarse-grained (quartz-rich) sand” deposit is associated with active eolian sand, and the “mixed sandy soil” and “fine-grained (quartz-rich) sand” deposits are associated with inactive eolian sand. The fractional abundance images showed a significant decrease between 2000 and 2006 in the percentage of active sand in the major depositional area for fluvial sediment, the Whitewater River, but also in two downwind areas: the Whitewater and Willow Hole Reserves. The pattern of the active sand appears to be related to variations in annual precipitation (wet and dry years) and river discharge in the northern Coachella Valley. We suggest here that recent human modifications to the major watercourses that supply sand affect the capability of fluvial deposition areas to restore sediments over time and consequently the responses of the sand transport system to climate change, becoming more sensitive to dry years where areas of active sand may shrink, degrade, and/or stabilize faster. The approach utilized in this study can be advantageous for future monitoring of sand in the northern Coachella Valley for management of these and similar environments.  相似文献   

Comparison of dust‐to‐gas ratios in luminous,ultraluminous, and hyperluminous infrared galaxies     

M. Contini  T. Contini 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2007,328(9):953-971

The dust‐to‐gas ratios in three different samples of luminous, ultraluminous, and hyperluminous infrared galaxies are calculated by modelling their radio to soft X‐ray spectral energy distributions (SED) using composite models which account for the photoionizing radiation from H II regions, starbursts, or AGNs, and for shocks. The models are limited to a set which broadly reproduces the mid‐IR fine structure line ratios of local, IR bright, starburst galaxies. The results show that two types of clouds contribute to the IR emission. Those characterized by low shock velocities and low preshock densities explain the far‐IR dust emission, while those with higher velocities and densities contribute to the mid‐IR dust emission. Clouds with shock velocities of 500 km s^–1 prevail in hyperluminous infrared galaxies. An AGN is found in nearly all of the ultraluminous infrared galaxies and in half of the luminous infrared galaxies of the sample. High IR luminosities depend on dust‐to‐gas ratios as high as ∼0.1 by mass, however most hyperluminous IR galaxies show dustto‐gas ratios much lower than those calculated for the luminous and ultraluminous IR galaxies. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   

A New Way to Study Water-Vapor Absorption Coefficient     

周良明郭佩芳  谭映宇 《海洋通报(英文版)》2005,7(2):67-71

In the visible spectrum, the atmospheric attenuations to sunlight mainly include aerosol scattering, atmospheric molecule Rayleigh scattering and ozone absorption, while in the near-infrared spectrum （from 650 nm to 1 000 nm）, we must take water-vapor absorption into account. Based on the atmospheric correction theory, using spectrum irradiance data measured by Instantaneous Ground spectrometer, ozone content measured by Microtops Ⅱ ozone monitor, water-vapor content and aerosol optical thickness measured by sun photometer, we give a new way to study water-vapor absorption to sunlight, and the result shows that the main peak values of water-vapor absorption coefficients are 0.025 cm^-1, 0.073 cm^-1, 0.124 cm^-1, 0.090 cm^-1, 0.141 cm^-1 and 0.417 cm^-1, which respectively lie at 692 nm, 725 nm, 761 nm, 818 nm, 912 nm and 937 nm.  相似文献   

2017年春季海洋天气评述          下载免费PDF全文

王慧  杨正龙  许映龙  钱传海  曹越男  吕爱民 《山东气象》2017,37(3):73-84

2017年春季（3—5月）大气环流特征为：北半球极涡呈单极型分布,主体位于北冰洋上空,中高纬西风带呈5波型分布。3月,地面冷高压偏强,冷空气活动频繁。4月,环流由纬向型向经向型逐渐调整,冷空气势力减弱。5月,东北气旋明显加强,冷暖势力相当,入海气旋增多。春季,我国近海海域主要有16次8级以上大风过程,其中冷空气大风过程有7次,冷空气和温带气旋共同影响的大风过程有1次,入海温带气旋过程有4次,东北冷涡影响大风过程有3次,强对流导致雷暴大风过程1次;且有8次明显的浪高在2 m以上的大浪过程。春季共有6次比较明显的海雾过程,分别为3月1次、4月2次、5月3次。西北太平洋和南海共生成1个台风“梅花”和1个热带低压,其他各大洋共有热带气旋15个,分别为大西洋1个、东太平洋1个、南太平洋5个、南印度洋6个、北印度洋2个。  相似文献   

乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川表层雪的化学特征——以低分子有机酸和无机阴离子为例   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

丁文慈  李心清  李忠勤  王飞腾 《冰川冻土》2007,29(5):704-709

表层雪是联系大气成分与冰芯记录的重要纽带,是研究成冰作用过程中化学组成变化的起点.为配合天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川成冰作用过程中化学组成变化的研究,对1号冰川积累区(海拔4130 m)一个完整年度的表层雪样品进行了低分子有机酸和无机阴离子含量的分析.结果显示:表层雪中低分子有机酸主要有HCOO^-、CH₃COO^-、C₂H₅COO^-和(COO)₂^2-,无机阴离子主要有F^-、Cl^-、NO₂^-、NO₃^-、SO₄^2-和PO₄^3-.除(COO)₂^2-外,大部分高浓度的有机酸和无机阴离子因受到周围环境和盛行风的影响呈现出明显的季节变化特征,即夏半年离子浓度变化剧烈,最大值和最小值同时出现在夏半年,冬半年的浓度则相对小而稳定;而(COO)₂^2-和低浓度的无机阴离子随季节变化的特征不明显,在全年均显示出波动性.在外界条件不变的情况下,表层雪可以长时间(至少半年时间)保存其中高含量的化学组成不被改变.  相似文献   

新疆夏季变湿的大气环流异常特征   总被引：14，自引：3，他引：11  

赵兵科  蔡承侠  杨莲梅  王慧 《冰川冻土》2006,28(3):434-442

利用1961-2003年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和中国气象局整编的新疆夏季(6~8月)月降水量资料,分析了新疆夏季1971-1986年干旱期和1987-2003年湿润期的大气环流变化异常特征.结果表明:在平均环流场上,中亚-巴尔喀什湖槽及上下游地区脊的增强是新疆地区夏季变湿的环流场特征之一,且中亚-巴尔喀什湖槽随高度增加强度明显增强,200 hPa达到最强;源于低纬阿拉伯海向北直至中亚对流层低层偏南的强气流是湿润期环流异常、降水增多的又一特征,也是水汽重要来源之一;中亚上空高空急流轴南压是新疆夏季湿润期与干旱期高空急流最重要的差异特征.  相似文献   

塔里木盆地中的大气环流及昆仑山北坡的黄土堆积   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

韩永翔  杨胜利  方小敏  宋连春 《中国沙漠》2006,26(3):351-355

通过分析塔克拉玛干沙漠风积地貌形态所揭示的风向及盆地边缘25个气象站40 a的盛行风,我们恢复了盆地中沙尘暴形成时的风场。对大气环流分析表明,在暖季（春、夏）由于地面对大气感热加热作用强烈,形成了浅薄的热低压。当冷空气入侵时,在和田—于田—民丰一带形成强大的辐合上升区,使这个地区成为中国沙尘暴发生频率最高的地区,其扬起的粉尘沉降在昆仑山北坡而形成黄土堆积。由于冷空气入侵的强度不同,粉尘的扬升高度也不同,昆仑山北坡黄土厚度表明平均扬升高度在海拔2 900~3 400 m左右,最强的沙尘暴可将粉尘扬升到5 500 m的西风急流区。  相似文献